391 lines
62 KiB
XML
391 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="5BAE6A9C5969FB830BFAF5714F427E3D" ID-CLB-Dataset="160069" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A20FFFA1893AFE6BE6A7EECC" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Koompassioxylon Kramer" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="868" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="866" updateTime="1699387669439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5824EA605DBE80831DF3CB02F76034A0">
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<mods:title id="60578AE813B83BC2FDCF91466AD662AF">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B134392B5ADE17BF84396FED71941B0">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="516B1ADF4A2D08A6DD37C6662A71F933">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8264FEAC18D2A15B078979F5A3898858">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="885B0A060123D3572F656E996714796A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="61B982C7F25771E6D05DAAD92DA781E1">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FD9C41AEFC735B2E9EF709FA06F15955" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EB606B41F4EA59BC48C586E9D82253BA">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E59A9C842A12A5EBCBF020712A81B675">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="00086BCEE17C515B6C5F8BA6EECD1B84">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBA50BB0F2A54D65E0DA97A7E719CA04">
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<mods:date id="A1D34E67A457D986F675F9FA9799189D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FAA19C208215A73C4CFAA6313371881E">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="93490C76B4964CDD44429393877430D7">44</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="77537BB85AD601CB7B3125530E31884C" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6A20FFFA1893AFE6BE6A7EECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157557" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157557" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A20FFFA1893AFE6BE6A7EECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A20FFFA1893AFE6BE6A7EECC" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20FFFBF893AFE6BE566EB93" box="[350,557,438,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF893AFE6BE566EB93" blockId="15.[350,557,438,464]" box="[350,557,438,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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<heading id="D0E9818CA20FFFBF893AFE6BE566EB93" box="[350,557,438,464]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" reason="2">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF891BFE6BE566EB93" authority="Kramer" authorityName="Kramer" box="[383,557,438,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF891BFE6BE566EB93" box="[383,557,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20FFFBF89FAFE0BE6A6EBB2" box="[414,493,470,497]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF89FAFE0BE6A6EBB2" blockId="15.[414,493,470,497]" box="[414,493,470,497]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF89C3FE0BE6AFEBB2" box="[423,484,470,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20FFFBF88E0FDCDE5C3E8E2" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E0FDCDE683E802" blockId="15.[132,774,527,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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MATERIEL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20FFFBF8973FDD2E68FE802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372308" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50182" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20FFFBF8973FDD2E68FE864" box="[279,452,527,551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">MNHN.F.50182</specimenCode>
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; field number: NAT17-06. Estimated minimal diameter:
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF89E7FDF7E68FE802" box="[387,452,554,578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E0FD87E59AE831" blockId="15.[132,721,601,626]" box="[132,721,601,626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A20FFFBF89ACFD84E52AE832" box="[456,609,601,625]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A20FFFBF8A0FFD87E586E831" box="[619,717,602,626]" name="Myanmar" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E0FD54E5C3E8E2" blockId="15.[132,648,649,673]" box="[132,648,649,673]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20FFFBF88E0FD0BE635ED28" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E0FD0BE65EE8B3" blockId="15.[130,777,726,1900]" box="[132,277,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E0FD28E635ED28" blockId="15.[130,777,726,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
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Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings indistinct, but possible marginal bands. Vessels mostly solitary (80 %) or grouped by 2 or 3 (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF88B4FCE8E675E90C" box="[208,318,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
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), oval, 4-9 per mm² (average: 7); tangential diameter 140-250 µm (average: 180 µm; mesured on less compressed vessels but still underestimated). The radial diameter (71-350 µm, average: 225 µm) assumes a large tangential diameter.Tylose absent or rarely present (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8A5CFC68E5C1E98C" box="[568,650,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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). Vessel elements 220-460 µm long (average: 300 µm). Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, bordered, 6-13 µm (average: 10 µm) in diameter, non-vestured (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8A60FBC9E510EE6D" box="[516,603,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
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). Vessel-ray pits rather similar in shape and size to intervessel pits (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8ACAFBE9E5B3EE0C" box="[686,760,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
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), 4-11 µm in diameter (average: 7.3 µm). Parenchyma widely aliform and mostly confluent laterally or in diagonal, forming anastomosed shapes, no proper tangential bands (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8AEAFB49E582EEED" box="[654,713,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A-C); also, maybe in marginal or seemingly marginal thin bands merging with the paratracheal parenchyma; parenchyma cells 50-130 µm long (average: 85 µm), 10-30 µm wide (average: 20 µm); 3-8 (or more?) cells per parenchyma strands (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF88E9FAEEE796EF0D" box="[141,221,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
|
); abundant crystals in chambered parenchyma cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF88E9FA8EE7BCEF2D" box="[141,247,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7H, J</figureCitation>
|
|
), especially in the margin ones. Rays 1- to 3-seriate (mostly 2-seriate, very few uniseriate) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8A79FAAEE5CCEFCD" box="[541,647,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
), irregularly storied (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF88BBFA4EE67EEFED" box="[223,309,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
|
) resulting in ripple marks visible with the naked eye, 8-16 rays per mm (average: 11), 150-870 µm (average: 400 µm) or 6-27 cells high (average: 16-17 cells), occasional interconnections of rays (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF8A67FA2EE51AEC4E" box="[515,593,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
|
) with alternating uniseriate and 2-3-seriate portions probably resulting from end-to-end fusions, thereby some rays are up to 30 cells high, weakly heterocellular to heterocellular to with mostly one to sometimes 2-3 rows of upright or square cells at both ends (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20FFFBF88E9F94FE7AFECEE" box="[141,228,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
|
) or at least larger procumbent cells, possibly very rarely with 1-2 crystals in marginal cells; a tendency to have biseriate portions as wide as multiseriate ones, but not to be considered as a distinctive feature. Fibres commonly thin-tothick walled (lumina 0.66 times the double wall thickness) to occasionally very thick-walled, non-septate, 12-24 µm (average: 17 µm) wide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA20FFFA18B49FF05E6A7EECC" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF8B49FF05E4E5EAB1" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1900]" box="[813,942,216,242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF8B49FF2AE2D2EC6F" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
|
|
This wood is characterized by: 1) diffuse-porous; 2) aliform parenchyma; 3) crystals in parenchyma cells; 3) mostly 2-seriate rays; 4) non-septate fibres; 5) vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits; and 6) simple perforation plates; these features are typical of modern
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8C41FEAAE3CDEBD2" box="[1061,1158,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8CFEFEAAE2E3EBD2" author="METCALFE C. R. & CHALK L." box="[1178,1448,374,401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref44633" refString="METCALFE C. R. & CHALK L. 1950. - Anatomy of the Dicotyledons Vol. 1 & 2. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1500 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 489685836" type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe & Chalk 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Baretta-Huipers 1981;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8C40FE4BE3AEEBF2" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1060,1253,406,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward). A search on the
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8B13FE6BE30AEB92" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[887,1089,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward) database shows affinities with species from the traditional Caesalpinioideae subfamily because of the number of cells per parenchyma strand that goes up to four cells, compared to hardly exceeding two cells for the traditional Papilionoideae subfamily. Concerning the traditional Mimosoideae, most species have homocellular rays, often septate fibres and rarely storied structures. Nonvestured pits are uncommon in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8CEFFD4BE3A1E8F3" box="[1163,1258,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and are restricted to three recircumscribed basal subfamilies: Cercidoideae, Duparquetioideae and Dialioideae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8CD1FD08E226E8B3" author="HERENDEEN P. S." box="[1205,1389,725,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" pagination="45 - 64" refId="ref42094" refString="HERENDEEN P. S. 2000. - Structural evolution in Caesalpinioideae, in HERENDEEN P. S. & BRUNEAU A. (eds), Advances in Legumes Systematics. Vol. 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 45 - 64." type="book chapter" year="2000">Herendeen 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8D19FD0BE485E94C" author="GASSON P. & TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B." pageId="15" pageNumber="866" pagination="63 - 93" refId="ref41164" refString="GASSON P., TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B. 2003. - Wood anatomy of Caesalpinioideae, in KLITGAARD B. B. & BRUNEAU A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 10. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 63 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
|
Gasson
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B3EFD2BE4C5E94C" box="[858,910,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; LPWG 2017;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8C1DFD28E235E94C" author="ZIMMERMAN E. & HERENDEEN P. S. & LEWIS G. P. & BRUNEAU A." box="[1145,1406,757,783]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" pagination="1019 - 1041" refId="ref50006" refString="ZIMMERMAN E., HERENDEEN P. S., LEWIS G. P. & BRUNEAU A. 2017. - Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. American Journal of Botany 104 (7): 1019 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1600436" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Zimmerman
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D6EFD2BE274E94C" box="[1290,1343,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), all previously in the traditional Caesalpinioideae subfamily. An investigation of wood anatomy of these subfamilies was made with available literature (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8C22FC88E253E92C" author="GASSON P. & TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B." box="[1094,1304,853,879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" pagination="63 - 93" refId="ref41164" refString="GASSON P., TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B. 2003. - Wood anatomy of Caesalpinioideae, in KLITGAARD B. B. & BRUNEAU A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 10. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 63 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
|
Gasson
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8CFBFC8BE39DE92C" box="[1183,1238,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8D4DFC88E42DE9CC" author="INSIDEWOOD" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8BB7FCA8E3D3E9CC" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[979,1176,885,911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
|
Ogata
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C44FCABE31CE9CC" box="[1056,1111,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Pérez-Lara
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D42FCABE216E9CC" box="[1318,1373,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2019).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8B49FC4BE4BFE9EC" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[813,1012,917,943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Duparquetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B49FC4BE4F8E9EC" box="[813,947,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Duparquetia</emphasis>
|
|
Baill.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the only genus of Duparquetioideae, is ruled out as it is a vine with no mineral inclusion and very thin-walled fibres. In Cercidoideae, only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8C9DFC09E217E9AD" box="[1273,1372,980,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C9DFC09E217E9AD" box="[1273,1372,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Bauhinia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(which has a wide range of morphology) can be related to this fossil, but it shows more frequent uniseriate rays, sometimes septate fibres, homocellular rays or regular bands of parenchyma. Moreover, the number of cells per parenchyma strand is restricted to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF8BD5FBA9E491EECD" box="[945,986,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
|
average in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8C2CFBA9E3E2EECD" box="[1096,1193,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C2CFBA9E3E2EECD" box="[1096,1193,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Bauhinia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(compared to more than
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF8B4FFB49E41FEEED" box="[811,852,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
|
our fossil). Among Dialioideae, only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8C84FB49E2E3EEED" authority="Kosterm." authorityName="Kosterm." box="[1248,1448,1172,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kalappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C84FB49E275EEED" box="[1248,1342,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Kalappia</emphasis>
|
|
Kosterm.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8B49FB68E4EEEE8D" box="[813,933,1205,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B49FB68E4EEEE8D" box="[813,933,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8BBBFB69E397EE8D" authority="Gleason" authorityName="Gleason" box="[991,1244,1204,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8BBBFB69E335EE8D" box="[991,1150,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Martiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
Gleason
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
share features with our fossil: storied or irregularly storied rays, aliform-confluent parenchyma, 1-3 seriate rays, crystals in parenchyma, at least medium size intervessel pits and heterocellular rays.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8D0EFACEE405EF0E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kalappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D0EFACEE405EF0E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Kalappia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8BE6FAEEE36AEF0E" box="[898,1057,1331,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8BE6FAEEE36AEF0E" box="[898,1057,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Martiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
yet differ in having a strongly storied parenchyma, vessel elements and rays, fewer or more wavy confluent parenchyma, as well as smaller rays for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8D36FAAEE2FAEFCE" box="[1362,1457,1395,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kalappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D36FAAEE2FAEFCE" box="[1362,1457,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Kalappia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(up to 350 µm compared to 400 µm in average in our fossil).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8B4FFA69E4E8EF8E" box="[811,931,1460,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B4FFA69E4E8EF8E" box="[811,931,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
wood is thus closer to our fossil than the other identified modern analogues, but has more frequent crystals in marginal cells; however, no specific NLR really stands out in regards of the state of preservation of the present fossil.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF8B27F9EFE2E6ED28" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
|
|
The fossil genus
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B9FF9EFE3CEEC0F" box="[1019,1157,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Tzotziloxylon</emphasis>
|
|
Pérez-Lara & Estrada-Ruiz (Pérez-Lara
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8BC9F98EE492EC2F" box="[941,985,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2019) covers fossils sharing features of the Cercidoideae/Dialioideae which includes non-vestured intervessel pits, aliform to occasionally confluent parenchyma as well as diffuse and sometimes banded, 1-4-seriate rays, crystalliferous parenchyma and non-storied structure. Our fossil is thus incompatible with this genus. Among Cercidoideae, woods resembling
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8BCCF8CFE341ED6F" box="[936,1034,1810,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8BCCF8CFE341ED6F" box="[936,1034,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Bauhinia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are described under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8D28F8CFE2E5ED6F" box="[1356,1454,1810,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D28F8CFE2E5ED6F" box="[1356,1454,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Bauhinia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF8B3DF8ECE3EBED08" authority="Trivedi & Panjwani" authorityName="Trivedi & Panjwani" box="[857,1184,1841,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B3DF8ECE484ED08" box="[857,975,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Bauhinium</emphasis>
|
|
Trivedi & Panjwani
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with regularly storied and mostly uniseriate rays as well as regular parenchyma bands
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF616668A20FFFA088E1F849E59DEDAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154173/files/figure.png" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="867" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" startId="15.[133,157,1940,1957]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="16">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20FFFBF88E1F849E2E4EDAA" blockId="15.[132,1457,1940,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">
|
|
FIG. 7. — cf.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF888AF849E693EDE6" authority=", MNHN. F." authorityName="MNHN. F." box="[238,472,1940,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF888AF849E6CAEDE6" box="[238,385,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
, MNHN.F.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
50182:
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8A72F849E568EDE6" bold="true" box="[534,547,1940,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">A</emphasis>
|
|
, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF88AFF876E793EDFF" bold="true" box="[203,216,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">B</emphasis>
|
|
, Ts, interpretation of (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF89EAF876E6D0EDFF" bold="true" box="[398,411,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">A</emphasis>
|
|
) of the parenchyma pattern (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8AEEF876E58FEDFF" bold="true" box="[650,708,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">dotted</emphasis>
|
|
) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8D1AF876E2C7EDFF" bold="true" box="[1406,1420,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">C</emphasis>
|
|
, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8AB9F81FE45AED90" bold="true" box="[733,785,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">arrow</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B44F81FE465ED90" bold="true" box="[800,814,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">D</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, storied tendency of rays (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C4AF81FE327ED90" bold="true" box="[1070,1132,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8C1FF81FE3CCED90" bold="true" box="[1147,1159,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">E</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B42F805E42FEDAA" bold="true" box="[806,868,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8B10F805E434EDAA" bold="true" box="[884,895,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">F</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A210FFA088E0F849E59DEDAA" blockId="16.[132,1457,1940,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">
|
|
made of at least eight cells (each marked by
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA0899FF849E564EDE6" bold="true" box="[507,559,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">arrow</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08A5AF849E507EDE6" bold="true" box="[574,588,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">G</emphasis>
|
|
, Rls, non-vestured (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08A91F849E478EDE6" bold="true" box="[757,819,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08C17F849E3CAEDE6" bold="true" box="[1139,1153,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">H</emphasis>
|
|
, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA0890FF876E69DEDFF" bold="true" box="[363,470,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">black arrow</emphasis>
|
|
) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08C53F876E3E9EDFF" bold="true" box="[1079,1186,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">white arrow</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08CD5F876E3FCEDFF" bold="true" box="[1201,1207,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">I</emphasis>
|
|
, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA0888BF81FE666ED90" bold="true" box="[239,301,1986,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08AA7F81FE586ED90" bold="true" box="[707,717,1986,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">J</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A210FFA08C61F81FE308ED90" bold="true" box="[1029,1091,1986,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B,
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A210FFA08D1EF81FE2E7ED90" box="[1402,1452,1986,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="867" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A210FFA08AC6F805E59BEDAA" box="[674,720,2008,2025]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,157,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[699,1268,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cupressinoxylon sp. MNHN.F.50171: A, transverse section (Ts), growth limits (white arrows), diffuse parenchyma (grey arrows) and zonate parenchyma (black arrows), large black areas are cells filled with deposit material; B, Ts, growth limit with gradual transition from earlywood to latewood; C, tangential longitudinal section (Tls), 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays and parenchyma lines (arrow); D, Tls, detail of 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays; E, Tls, smooth longitudinal parenchyma walls (arrows); F, Tls, 1-2-seriate rays and tangential pits (arrows); G, radial longitudinal section (Rls), possibly cupressoid and/or podocarpoid crossfield pits (arrow); H, Rls, uniseriate radial pits; I, Rls, smooth parenchyma cell walls.Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 200 µm; E-F, H, 100 µm; G, 50 µm; I, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145309/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="867">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A211FFA188E0FF0AE51DE913" blockId="17.[130,776,215,1167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA188E9FF0AE6DCEAB2" author="RAMANUJAM C. G. K. & RAO M. R. R." box="[141,407,215,242]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="575 - 577" refId="ref47138" refString="RAMANUJAM C. G. K. & RAO M. R. R. 1966. - A fossil wood resembling Bauhinia from the Cuddalore Series of South India. Current Science 35 (22): 575 - 577. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 24063970" type="journal article" year="1966">Ramanujam & Rao 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA189C6FF0AE5DDEAB2" author="PRAKASH U. & PRASAD M." box="[418,662,215,241]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="140 - 145" refId="ref46380" refString="PRAKASH U. & PRASAD M. 1984. - Wood of Bauhinia from the Siwalik beds of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Palaeobotanist 32 (2): 140 - 145 (1983). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1984.1372" type="journal article" year="1984">Prakash & Prasad 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA18AC5FF0AE668EB52" author="TRIVEDI B. S. & PANJWANI M." pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="66 - 69" refId="ref48551" refString="TRIVEDI B. S. & PANJWANI M. 1986. - Fossil wood of Bauhinia from the Siwalik Beds of Kalagarh U. P. Geophytology 16 (1): 66 - 69" type="journal article" year="1986">Trivedi & Panjwani 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA1894BFF2AE57FEB52" author="AWASTHI N. & PRAKASH U." box="[303,564,247,273]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="178 - 183" refId="ref38548" refString="AWASTHI N. & PRAKASH U. 1987. - Fossil woods of Kingiodendron and Bauhinia from the Namsang beds of Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh. The Palaeobotanist 35 (2): 178 - 183 (1986). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1986.1526" type="journal article" year="1987">Awasthi & Prakash 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA18A24FF2AE7AAEB72" author="AWASTHI N. & MEHROTRA R. C." pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="277 - 284" refId="ref38502" refString="AWASTHI N. & MEHROTRA R. C. 1990. - Some fossil woods from Tipam Sandstone of Assam and Nagaland. The Palaeobotanist 38: 277 - 284 (1989). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1989.1662" type="journal article" year="1990">Awasthi & Mehrotra 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The diagnosis of these genera is yet incompatible with our specimen. Among Dialioideae, woods resembling
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA188E2FE85E7B4EB32" box="[134,255,344,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA188E2FE85E7B4EB32" box="[134,255,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are described under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA18A3DFE8AE443EB32" box="[601,776,343,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA18A3DFE8AE443EB32" box="[601,776,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA188E9FEAAE655EBD2" author="KRAMER K." box="[141,286,375,401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="45 - 181" refId="ref42922" refString="KRAMER K. 1974. - Die tertiaren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter Ausschluss der Dipterocarpaceae) 1. Teil. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 144 (3 - 6): 45 - 181." type="journal article" year="1974">Kramer 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA18948FEAAE505EBD2" author="SRIVASTAVA R. & AWASTHI N." box="[300,590,375,401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref48091" refString="SRIVASTAVA R. & AWASTHI N. 1996. - Fossil woods from Neogene of Warkalli beds of Kerala Coast and their Paleoecologica significance. Geophytology 26 (1): 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Srivastava & Awasthi 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Although most of the features of the genus diagnosis are compatible with our fossil, some differences have to be pointed out: the aliform to confluent parenchyma with only a few vessels, marginal ray cells can be subdivided and contain crystals (presence of which is ambiguous in the present fossil as it is hard to determine if crystals belong to ray cells or the underneath axial parenchyma cells). Moreover, intervessel pits are vestured in previously described specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA18913FDABE569E8D3" box="[375,546,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA18913FDABE569E8D3" box="[375,546,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This specimen is different from the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA18943FD4BE6C7E8F3" box="[295,396,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA18943FD4BE6C7E8F3" box="[295,396,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">K. elegans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
described above (p. 864) because of the absence of numerous crystals in marginal ray cells, mainly confluent parenchyma and mainly 2-seriate rays. Pending more comprehensive studies about fossil Cercidoideae/Dialioideae and other related
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA18921FCC8E6ECE96C" box="[325,423,789,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we name it cf.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA18A3DFCC8E44CE96C" box="[601,775,789,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA18A3DFCC8E44CE96C" box="[601,775,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to emphasize its close affinity to this genus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A211FFA188FFFC8BE6A7EECC" blockId="17.[130,776,215,1167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA188FFFC8BE658E92C" box="[155,275,854,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA188FFFC8BE658E92C" box="[155,275,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
ecology has been previously described (p. 864).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA188E0FCA8E7A8E9CC" box="[132,227,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kalappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA188E0FCA8E7A8E9CC" box="[132,227,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Kalappia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
trees reach up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A211FFA189FBFCA8E693E9CC" box="[415,472,885,911]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
|
tall,
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A211FFA18A69FCA8E51AE9CC" box="[525,593,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
|
|
in diameter, and are restricted to wet lowland forests of
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A211FFA18A7EFC48E533E9EC" box="[538,632,917,943]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
|
, up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A211FFA18AA5FC48E44CE9EC" box="[705,775,917,943]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
|
(rarely
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A211FFA188ABFC68E653E98C" box="[207,280,949,976]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
|
) altitude (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA189EFFC68E57CE98C" author="HOU D. & LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S." box="[395,567,949,975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="409 - 730" refId="ref42189" refString="HOU D., LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S. 1996. - Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 12 (2): 409 - 730. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532557" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
|
Hou
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA189A0FC6BE6B3E98C" box="[452,504,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1996
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA18A21FC68E5BCE98C" author="SOSEF M. S. M. & HONG L. T. & PARWIROHATMODJO S." box="[581,759,949,975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" refId="ref48026" refString="SOSEF M. S. M., HONG L. T. & PARWIROHATMODJO S. (eds) 1998. - Timber trees: Lesser - Known Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 859 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PROSEA]; 5 [3]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 074624253" type="book" year="1998">
|
|
Sosef
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA18AE0FC6BE5F3E98C" box="[644,696,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">et al.</emphasis>
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|
1998
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A211FFA188E0FC08E657E9AC" box="[132,284,981,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA188E0FC08E657E9AC" box="[132,284,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">Martiodendron</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are South American canopy trees, often riparian, growing in rainforests, periodically inundated forests, but also in tropical savanna woodlands, deciduous or seasonally dry forests, below
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A211FFA1897AFBE9E62EEE0C" box="[286,357,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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|
altitude (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA189A9FBE8E5F0EE0D" author="KOEPPEN R. & ILTIS H. H." box="[461,699,1076,1103]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="191 - 209" refId="ref42881" refString="KOEPPEN R. & ILTIS H. H. 1962. - Revision of Martiodendron (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 14 (2): 191 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805226" type="journal article" year="1962">Koeppen & Iltis 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA18AADFBE9E7B1EE2C" author="LEWIS G. P. & SCHRIRE B. & MACKINDER B. & LOCK M." pageId="17" pageNumber="868" refId="ref43537" refString="LEWIS G. P., SCHRIRE B., MACKINDER B. A & LOCK M. 2005. - Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 577 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 491996118" type="book" year="2005">
|
|
Lewis
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A211FFA188E0FB88E7F1EE2D" box="[132,186,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="868">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). These genera have relatively hard and durable wood (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A211FFA188B4FBA9E697EECD" author="SCHEFFER T. C. & MORRELL J. J." box="[208,476,1140,1166]" pageId="17" pageNumber="868" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref47737" refString="SCHEFFER T. C. & MORRELL J. J. 1998. - Natural durability of wood: a worldwide checklist of species. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. Research Contribution 22: 1 - 58. http: // hdl. handle. net / 1957 / 7736" type="journal article" year="1998">Scheffer & Morrell 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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|
</document> |