250 lines
38 KiB
XML
250 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="2C9A395ABA7399CC2FB2AE50CA48C89D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157653" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a204144-f48d-47e9-949e-2b616e3f0418" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157653" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461020215221" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Flowers, R. Wills" docDate="2004" docId="03B7878DB4676F266F7FFB65FD62F92E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00549.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 549" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Brachypterodina morae Flowers, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF8EFFF5B46C6F2B6E77FFB9FF80FF80" masterDocTitle="New flightless Eumolpinae of the genera Apterodina Bechyné and Brachypterodina n. gen. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Neotropics" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698569918272" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="81CCAE85683504E7EE84DADF8033173B">New flightless Eumolpinae of the genera Apterodina Bechyné and Brachypterodina n. gen. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Neotropics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5D41DCF43E1AD76F78721E6614A63CA">Flowers, R. Wills</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8633708A8A2952E0F42BCD9DACECB8DF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="949D706F9671759952C4C6FA86A554AA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7B75A97FFF473C760239F1BC56F82BF7">
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<mods:date id="0CFF753A54B60651368DAEE4B520FD51">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B8C182BAC4C43CD2013EEC316EF30CA">549</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6A152CD3B6EE0887D4BE1702287E4868">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E5C3D90770BD37546C8F779B9489C786" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157653</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B7878DB4676F266F7FFB65FD62F92E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271704" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119602849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7878DB4676F266F7FFB65FD62F92E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7878DB4676F266F7FFB65FD62F92E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3046510B4676F206F7FFB65FD38FA99" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4676F206F7FFB65FCB8FB76" blockId="11.[264,824,1244,1305]" box="[264,824,1244,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0E981F7B4676F206F7FFB65FCB8FB76" bold="true" box="[264,824,1244,1270]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4676F206F7FFB65FCB8FB76" bold="true" box="[264,824,1244,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4676F206F7FFB65FD1BFB76" authority="Flowers" authorityName="Flowers" box="[264,667,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4676F206F7FFB65FDA7FB76" bold="true" box="[264,551,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brachypterodina morae</emphasis>
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Flowers
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25957F2B4676F206CDFFB65FCB8FB76" box="[680,824,1244,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4676F206F7FFB46FD38FA99" blockId="11.[264,824,1244,1305]" box="[264,696,1279,1305]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4676F206F66FB46FE00FA99" box="[273,384,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[282,1295,840,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1321,829,1574]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Brachypterodina morae. 1. male, dorsal view; 2. female, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169075/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4676F206FFBFB46FE2BFA99" box="[396,427,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[282,1303,448,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,428,1050]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Hind wings. 10. Brachypterodina morae; 11. Apterodina ruminyahui. 12; Apterodina bechynei; 13. Apterodina bucki." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157657/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4676F206FCFFB46FD83FA99" box="[440,515,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4676F206C78FB46FD05FA99" box="[527,645,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 32" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[278,1287,310,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[265,1321,308,1456]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 32. Female genitalia. Figs. 21 23, 29. Apterodina bechynei; 21, ovipositor, ventral view; 22, dorsal hood of segment IX. 23, segment VIII, dorsal view; 29, spermatheca. Figs. 24, 32, Apterodina ruminyahui; 24, ovipositor, ventral view; 32, spermatheca. Figs. 25 27. 30, Brachypterodina morae; 25, ovipositor, ventral view; 26, dorsal hood of segment IX. 27, segment VIII, dorsal view; 30 (above and right), spermatheca; 28 (left and below), Brachypterodina gonzalezi, spermatheca. 31, Apterodina bucki, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157659/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">25–28, 30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4676F206CE6FB46FD30FA99" box="[657,688,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 34" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[381,1198,311,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[294,1285,307,1779]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 33 34. Distribution of Apterodina and Brachypterodina. 33. Distribution of Apterodina; A. bechynei, closed diamond; A. bucki, closed circle; A. granulifera, closed triangle; A. ruminyahui, closed square. 34. Distribution of Brachypterodina. B. gonzalezi, closed triangle; B. morae, closed circle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157660/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">34</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3046510B4676F206F7FFAF6FC80FAE5" box="[264,768,1358,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4676F206F7FFAF6FC80FAE5" blockId="11.[264,768,1358,1382]" box="[264,768,1358,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11B5B4676F206F7FFAF6FC80FAE5" box="[264,768,1358,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4676F206F7FFAF6FEFFFAE6" box="[264,383,1359,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4676F206F7FFAF6FEFFFAE6" box="[264,383,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Apterodina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1,
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF108AB4676F206FB1FAF7FC80FAE5" author="Flowers" box="[454,768,1358,1381]" page="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B6AB4676F206FB1FAF7FD61FAE5" author="Flowers" box="[454,737,1358,1381]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Hanson, P. E. (2003) Leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) diversity in eight Costa Rican habitats. In Furth, D. G. (Ed.) Special Topics in Leaf beetle Biology, Proceedings of the 5 th International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae. Pensoft, Sofia, pp. 25 - 51." type="book chapter" year="2003">Flowers and Hanson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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:41
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3046510B4676F276F7FFA20FED7F92E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4676F276F7FFA20FD73FCBE" blockId="11.[264,1323,1433,1899]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4676F206F7FFA20FE03FA33" bold="true" box="[264,387,1433,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="54A58839B4676F206F7FFA20FEFEFA33" box="[264,382,1433,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Male. Length
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<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4676F206C4FFA20FD15FA33" box="[568,661,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
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. Head, pronotum, elytra and underside purplish bronzeblack; antenna reddish brown, darker apically. Legs reddish brown, tarsi and undersides of femora dark brown. Head with clypeus coarsely punctate, surface between punctures microreticulate, apex of clypeus emarginate. Frons coarsely punctate; vertex coarsely punctate, surface between punctures smooth; antennal calli microreticulate. Mouthparts reddish brown, mandibles piceous; with apex of labrum emarginate, with 2 dorsal setae and a pair of long lateral setae at outer angles. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, L/W = 0.61; pronotum convex, lateral margins narrow, rounded, greatest width of pronotum anterior to middle; disc regularly, finely punctate, with punctures separated by a distance greater than their own diameters; surface between punctures shining, weakly microreticulate medially, more strongly microreticulate near anterolateral angles. Prosternum expanded laterally behind coxae; posterior margin of intercoxal process truncate, width of intercoxal process 0.57 x diameter of procoxa. Legs with basal tarsomere of fore and middle legs expanded as in
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276C58FEFDFDF7FEDE" box="[559,631,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[282,1295,840,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1321,829,1574]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Brachypterodina morae. 1. male, dorsal view; 2. female, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169075/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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. Elytra with punctures in irregular geminate striae, with punctures separated by distance less than or equal to the diameter of a puncture; surface between punctures weakly microreticulate, more strongly so at apical angle; humeri not prominent, broadly rounded, width across humeri 1.13 x width across pronotum; basal calli obsolete; postbasal depression lacking. Sides broadly rounded, convergent; apices conjointly rounded.
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<collectingCountry id="F309760BB4606F276F88FDB5FDBAFDA6" box="[511,570,524,550]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276CE1FDB5FD70FDA6" box="[662,752,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[282,1303,448,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,428,1050]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Hind wings. 10. Brachypterodina morae; 11. Apterodina ruminyahui. 12; Apterodina bechynei; 13. Apterodina bucki." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157657/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) reduced, not folding at rest under the elytra. Abdomen with numerous erect setae, surface of segments granulate. Sternum VII with a weak depression in center. Median lobe in lateral view smoothly curved (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276AF5FDE5FB5BFDF6" box="[1154,1243,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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); apex bluntly rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276FA2FD3DFDADFD1E" box="[469,557,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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); basal hood lightly sclerotized with apodemes distinct at lateral margins of hood; subbasal fenestra present; basal spurs small; tegmen triangular; apical sclerite convoluted (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276C76FD6DFDDDFD6E" box="[513,605,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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). Endophallus (partially everted,
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276A7FFD6DFBE1FD6E" box="[1032,1121,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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) with basal and endophallic lateral digits prominent, weakly sclerotized (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276DC2FD45FB90FC96" box="[949,1040,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 20" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[294,1265,326,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[266,1321,308,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 14 20. Male genitalia. Figs. 14 16, Apterodina bechynei; 14. median lobe, lateral view; 15. median lobe, apex; 16. apical sclerite. Figs. 17 20, Brachypterodina morae; 16. median lobe and base of endophallus, lateral view; 18. median lobe, apex; 19. apical sclerite; 20. endophallic lateral digits of endophallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157658/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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), sclerotized basal supporting block lacking, basal setae present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4606F276F4FFCF5FED7F92E" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4606F276F4FFCF5FE2BFCE6" bold="true" box="[312,427,844,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allotype:</emphasis>
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Female. Length
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<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4606F276CE4FCF5FD74FCE6" box="[659,756,844,870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
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; head, pronotum, elytra and underside piceous with a strong bronze to purplebronze reflex; antennae and legs reddish brown. Head with labrum, frons, clypeus, eyes, antennae, and mouthparts similar to male. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, L/W = 0.62; shape of pronotum as in male; evenly punctate on disc; with punctures separated by distance equal to or less than their own diameters, punctures aciculate and more closely spaced laterally. Proepisternum and proepimeron as in male; prosternum similar to male, but with width of intercoxal process 0.63.x diameter of procoxa, broadened behind coxae, posterior angles slightly swollen, posterior margin straight and weakly crenulate. Mesosternum, metasternum and metepisternum as in male. Legs similar in form to male, but basal tarsomere of fore and middle legs not expanded Elytra with punctures in broad geminate striae, punctures fine on disc, deeper near lateral margins; humerus sharply raised, a deep depression behind humerus, two short, weak costae behind and lateral to posthumeral depression. Elytra weakly angulate above lateral margin; epipleuron as in male Abdomen with segments as in male; pygidium as in male. Segments VIII–XI forming elongate ovipositor (
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<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276D3DFAC5FC24FA16" box="[842,932,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 32" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[278,1287,310,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[265,1321,308,1456]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 32. Female genitalia. Figs. 21 23, 29. Apterodina bechynei; 21, ovipositor, ventral view; 22, dorsal hood of segment IX. 23, segment VIII, dorsal view; 29, spermatheca. Figs. 24, 32, Apterodina ruminyahui; 24, ovipositor, ventral view; 32, spermatheca. Figs. 25 27. 30, Brachypterodina morae; 25, ovipositor, ventral view; 26, dorsal hood of segment IX. 27, segment VIII, dorsal view; 30 (above and right), spermatheca; 28 (left and below), Brachypterodina gonzalezi, spermatheca. 31, Apterodina bucki, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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). Sternum VIII with long straplike basal apodeme; only several setae remain of the apicolateral arms; dorsum of segment VIII with two pairs of linear sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276CB8FA75FCA7FA66" box="[719,807,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 32" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[278,1287,310,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[265,1321,308,1456]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 32. Female genitalia. Figs. 21 23, 29. Apterodina bechynei; 21, ovipositor, ventral view; 22, dorsal hood of segment IX. 23, segment VIII, dorsal view; 29, spermatheca. Figs. 24, 32, Apterodina ruminyahui; 24, ovipositor, ventral view; 32, spermatheca. Figs. 25 27. 30, Brachypterodina morae; 25, ovipositor, ventral view; 26, dorsal hood of segment IX. 27, segment VIII, dorsal view; 30 (above and right), spermatheca; 28 (left and below), Brachypterodina gonzalezi, spermatheca. 31, Apterodina bucki, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segment IX with hemisternites with long aciculate basal rods; paraprocts separated into pair of slender dorsal rods, apically forming hoodlike projection above genital orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276D7FF9A5FCE1F9B6" box="[776,865,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 32" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[278,1287,310,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[265,1321,308,1456]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 32. Female genitalia. Figs. 21 23, 29. Apterodina bechynei; 21, ovipositor, ventral view; 22, dorsal hood of segment IX. 23, segment VIII, dorsal view; 29, spermatheca. Figs. 24, 32, Apterodina ruminyahui; 24, ovipositor, ventral view; 32, spermatheca. Figs. 25 27. 30, Brachypterodina morae; 25, ovipositor, ventral view; 26, dorsal hood of segment IX. 27, segment VIII, dorsal view; 30 (above and right), spermatheca; 28 (left and below), Brachypterodina gonzalezi, spermatheca. 31, Apterodina bucki, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
); baculum distinct, apical, longer than gonocoxae. Gonocoxae slender with long setae in apical half; coxostyli very small, with several apical setae. Spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A1EB4606F276CC5F9D5FC8AF906" box="[690,778,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 32" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[278,1287,310,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[265,1321,308,1456]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 32. Female genitalia. Figs. 21 23, 29. Apterodina bechynei; 21, ovipositor, ventral view; 22, dorsal hood of segment IX. 23, segment VIII, dorsal view; 29, spermatheca. Figs. 24, 32, Apterodina ruminyahui; 24, ovipositor, ventral view; 32, spermatheca. Figs. 25 27. 30, Brachypterodina morae; 25, ovipositor, ventral view; 26, dorsal hood of segment IX. 27, segment VIII, dorsal view; 30 (above and right), spermatheca; 28 (left and below), Brachypterodina gonzalezi, spermatheca. 31, Apterodina bucki, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) with spermathecal duct inflated, sclerotized, coiled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3046510B4606F266F4FF905FEE8FC36" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4606F276F4FF905FC17F97E" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4606F276F4FF905FE44F956" bold="true" box="[312,452,1724,1750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named for INBio parataxonomist Angela Mora Maroto, who collected a number of specimens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58839B4606F276D64F95DFCC6F97E" box="[787,838,1764,1790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4606F276F4FF8B5FAABF8CE" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4606F276F4FF8B5FDC7F8A6" bold="true" box="[312,583,1804,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
(33ɗɗ, 53ΨΨ) Male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58839B4606F276D28F8B5FC7AF8A6" box="[863,1018,1804,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
(INBio) labeled
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F309760BB4606F276ABAF8B5FECEF8CE" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
Est. Cuerici (Alrededor) 4.6 Km al E. de Villa Mills,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4606F276DB1F88DFB97F8CE" box="[966,1047,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4606F276A68F88DFAA7F8CE" box="[1055,1319,1844,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1995-11-22" valueMax="1995-12-10" valueMin="1995-11-22">22Nov10 DEC 1995</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4616F266F7FFEA5FEE8FC36" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
A.M. Maroto, Red de Golpe, L_S_389400499600 #6466 (INBIOCRI002378489). Female ALLOTYPE (INBio) labeled
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F309760BB4616F266CBBFEFDFCFCFEDE" box="[716,892,324,350]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Est. Cuerici (Alrededor) 4.6 Km al E. de Villa Mills,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266F90FED5FDB9FE06" box="[487,569,364,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266C33FED5FC90FE06" box="[580,784,364,390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-22" valueMax="1995-11-25" valueMin="1995-11-22">2225Nov1995</date>
|
||
,. A.M. Maroto, de luz, L_S_389400499600 #6458 (INBIOCRI002367639).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58839B4616F266CE7FE2DFCB2FE2E" box="[656,818,404,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
(32 ɗɗ, 52 ΨΨ):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F309760BB4616F266A78FE2DFB3CFE2E" box="[1039,1212,404,430]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Heredia Province: 1 Ψ (INBIOCRI001007575), Est. Barva, Braulio Carrillo N.P.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266A08FE05FB55FE56" box="[1151,1237,444,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266A9AFE05FEC6FE7E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
|
||
. M. Zumbado & A. Fernandez. San Jos Province: 28 ɗɗ, 48 ΨΨ(18 ɗɗ, 38 ΨΨ MZUCR; 10 ɗɗ, 10 ΨΨINBio; 5 ɗɗ, 5 ΨΨNMNH) (in alcohol). Cerro de la Muerte,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266B7AFDB5FEADFDCE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
|
||
S and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266FF7FD8DFE34FDCE" box="[384,436,564,590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="3.0">3km</quantity>
|
||
W. Empalme
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266C2AFD8DFD32FDCE" box="[605,690,564,590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266CC9FD8DFCADFDCE" box="[702,813,564,590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1992-12">XII1992</date>
|
||
, P. Hanson; 1 ɗ (INBIOCRI002378588), 1 Ψ (INBIOCRI002378582), Est. Cuerici (Alrededor) 4.6 Km al E. de Villa Mills,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266AAEFDE5FAABFDF6" box="[1241,1323,604,630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266F7FFD3DFD92FD1E" box="[264,530,644,670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-22" valueMax="1995-12-10" valueMin="1995-11-22">22Nov10 DEC 1995</date>
|
||
. A.M. Maroto, sombrereta L_S_389400499600 #6466 #6467; 1 ɗ (INBIOCRI002371847), Est. Cuerici Send. El Carbon, 5 Km al E. de Villa Mills, Prov.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266F7FFD6DFEDAFD6E" box="[264,346,724,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266FFCFD6DFDBDFD6E" box="[395,573,724,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1996-03-31">31MAR1996</date>
|
||
. B. Gamboa, L_S_389550500050#7046; 1 Ψ (INBIOCRI002362499) same locality, A. Picado, sombrereta, #6431; 1 Ψ (INBIOCRI002380194), same locality, B. Gamboa, sombrereta, #7038; 1 ɗ (INBIOCRI002392473), Est. Cuerici Send. El Mirador. Alredador de la Est. 4.6 Km al E. de Villa Mills, Prov.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B7EB4616F266C6BFCCDFDEEFC0E" box="[540,622,884,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFA0105BB4616F266C0AFCCDFCA4FC0E" box="[637,804,884,910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1996-01-11">11ENE1996</date>
|
||
. B. Gamboa, Sombrereta, L_S_ 389400 499600.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3046510B4616F266F4FFC7DFBCAFA9E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4616F266F4FFC7DFBCAFA9E" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F4FFC7DFE43FC5E" bold="true" box="[312,451,964,990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266C3AFC7DFD50FC5D" box="[589,720,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266C3AFC7DFD50FC5D" box="[589,720,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266D7AFC7DFC53FC5D" box="[781,979,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266D7AFC7DFC53FC5D" box="[781,979,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachypterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically distinct among known Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266C39FC55FD5EFB86" box="[590,734,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumolpinae">Eumolpinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their distinguishing characters are all reductions based on atrophy of the hind wings, an event that undoubtedly has happened repeatedly among beetle populations at high altitudes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266D61FB85FC19FBD5" box="[790,921,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266D61FB85FC19FBD5" box="[790,921,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself may include more that one lineage, given the highly disjunct distribution of its species. At this point, it is impossible to say how they relate to the lowland fauna, due to the fact that detailed studies of the many lowland genera have scarcely begun.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B6AB4616F266D54FB0DFC61FB4E" author="Bechyne" box="[803,993,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" refString="Bechyne, J. (1954) La liste des eumolpides de Rio Grande do Sul (Bresil) et observations diverses sur les especes neotropicales. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 10, 143 - 240." type="journal article" year="1954">Bechyné (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266A07FB0DFB73FB4D" box="[1136,1267,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266A07FB0DFB73FB4D" box="[1136,1267,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F1EFB65FDD9FB76" authority="Lefevre" authorityName="Lefevre" box="[361,601,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microaletes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F1EFB65FE74FB75" box="[361,500,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Microaletes</emphasis>
|
||
Lefèvre
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without giving any explanation. Other possible sister groups are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F44FABDFE50FA9D" box="[307,464,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypnoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F44FABDFE50FA9D" box="[307,464,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachypnoea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some of the small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266CA8FABDFC66FA9E" authority="Lefevre" authorityName="Lefevre" box="[735,998,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Rhabdopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266CA8FABDFC04FA9D" box="[735,900,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhabdopterus</emphasis>
|
||
Lefèvre
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3046510B4616F266F4FFA95FD62F92E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA1369BB4616F266F4FFA95FD62F92E" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F4FFA95FDD2FAC5" box="[312,594,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F4FFA95FDD2FAC5" box="[312,594,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachypterodina morae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found abundant only one time, in a single Malaise trap collection from Cerro del la Muerte,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F309760BB4616F266C83FAEDFCF5FAEE" box="[756,885,1364,1390]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B6AB4616F266DF2FAEDFE49FA16" author="Flowers" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Hanson, P. E. (2003) Leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) diversity in eight Costa Rican habitats. In Furth, D. G. (Ed.) Special Topics in Leaf beetle Biology, Proceedings of the 5 th International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae. Pensoft, Sofia, pp. 25 - 51." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Flowers and Hansen 2003, listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F7FFAC5FE0BFA15" box="[264,395,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F7FFAC5FE0BFA15" box="[264,395,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The trap was in a pasture at the edge of cloud forest. The other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F5EFA1DFE2CFA3D" box="[297,428,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Apterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F5EFA1DFE2CFA3D" box="[297,428,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F92FA1DFD2BFA3D" box="[485,683,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachypterodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEA89B4616F266F92FA1DFD2BFA3D" box="[485,683,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachypterodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known only from one or a few specimens without biological data. In a review of alpine adapted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266D5DFA75FB10FA66" ID-CoL="87S" authority="Jolivet (1997)" authorityName="Jolivet" authorityYear="1997" box="[810,1168,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Chrysomelidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B6AB4616F266D9CFA75FB10FA66" author="Jolivet" box="[1003,1168,1484,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" refString="Jolivet, P. (1997) Biologie des Coleopteres Chrysomelides, Societe Nouvelle des Editions Boubee. Paris, 279 pp." type="book" year="1997">Jolivet (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited numerous examples of brachyptery in the subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266D4EFA4DFC6BF98E" ID-CoL="JC7" box="[825,1003,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysomelinae">Chrysomelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266A53FA4DFB32F98E" ID-CoL="JL5" box="[1060,1202,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F48F9A5FE4CF9B6" ID-CoL="JK5" box="[319,460,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumolpinae">Eumolpinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not colonized high altitudes with attendant wing reduction to the same extent. While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D18B4616F266F8FF9FDFD05F9DE" ID-CoL="JK5" box="[504,645,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumolpinae">Eumolpinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently have not colonized high altitudes to the extent of these other subfamilies, at least a few species have lost the power of flight while getting high in the mountains of the Neotropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |