treatments-xml/data/03/AE/87/03AE87DEFF93037FFF57FA11FB05F872.xml

<document id="766B0598E6B9DE097959C01EC4B15F5C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180087" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea082325-49b4-46c7-8265-f59d3dd6941a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180087" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460031163737" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio, Toffoli, Daniel &amp; Oliveira, Luciano Elias" docDate="2007" docId="03AE87DEFF93037FFF57FA11FB05F872" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01666p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1666" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli &amp; Oliveira, 2007, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FF97FFA6FF920379FFC0FF81FFBEFF9C" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698234147302" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="50CC261AB2EE716CEC05503633F6E7A6">A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB515E007ED4ABDF4400BF4D3FD7BD24">Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7ECA4B64B3D5C4C8DFA840C3216C723B">Toffoli, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91BCA352D5E31730782086B35E70606A">Oliveira, Luciano Elias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="87255692659FF6AADE22BB9146D5AE1E">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AE87DEFF93037FFF57FA11FB05F872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681521" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:780E4C8B-063E-40AA-BB77-3BA53E3F7515" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87DEFF93037FFF57FA11FB05F872" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF930378FF57FA11FD9AFA50" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF930378FF57FA11FDF0FA36" blockId="1.[151,590,1424,1484]" box="[151,590,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0F081A4FF930378FF57FA11FDF0FA36" bold="true" box="[151,590,1424,1450]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FF57FA11FDF0FA36" bold="true" box="[151,590,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FF57FA11FDBAFA36" ID-CoL="3Q4SB" box="[151,516,1424,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FF57FA11FDBAFA36" bold="true" box="[151,516,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF930378FDCCFA11FDF0FA36" box="[524,590,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF930378FF57FA33FD9AFA50" blockId="1.[151,590,1424,1484]" box="[151,548,1458,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="133C2A4DFF930378FF5FFA33FEB0FA50" box="[159,270,1458,1484]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,997,1021]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox-0="[538,1048,437,970]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1263,820,1853]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[538,1048,437,971]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[264,1323,820,1858]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. Male AAG-UFU 4124, topotype. A—Dorsal and B—Lateral views of head. C—Palm of left hand and D—Plant of left foot." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. above left: holotype (male, ZUEC 13639), Above right: a topotype (male, AAG-UFU 4124), below: a specimen from Perdizes – MG tentatively attributed to the new species (male, AAG- UFU 2616)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180088/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180089/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
above, 3C–D, 4 above)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF930378FF57F983FCB4F890" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF930378FF57F983FF67F9F0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1538,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FF57F983FEAEF980" bold="true" box="[151,272,1538,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus id="54BC886AFF930378FF57F983FEB5F980" box="[151,267,1538,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male 
<collectionCode id="ED16AE0DFF930378FE6EF983FE45F980" box="[430,507,1538,1564]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">ZUEC</collectionCode>
13639 (
<figureCitation id="133C2A4DFF930378FDA4F983FD72F980" box="[612,716,1538,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,820,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,820,1858]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. above left: holotype (male, ZUEC 13639), Above right: a topotype (male, AAG-UFU 4124), below: a specimen from Perdizes – MG tentatively attributed to the new species (male, AAG- UFU 2616)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180089/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figure 2</figureCitation>
above left). Estação Ecológica do Panga (around 
<geoCoordinate id="EE33500FFF930378FAF7F983FA29F980" box="[1335,1431,1538,1564]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-19.183332">19º11’S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE33500FFF930378FF57F9ABFEBFF9D8" box="[151,257,1578,1604]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-48.4">48º24’W</geoCoordinate>
) municipality of Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="F3107658FF930378FCBAF9ABFC7BF9D8" box="[890,965,1578,1604]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected by A. A. Giaretta on 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FA92F9ABFF6BF9F0" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2001-10-04">4 Oct. 2001</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF930378FF07F9FBFCB4F890" blockId="1.[151,1437,1538,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FF07F9FBFE3DF908" bold="true" box="[199,387,1658,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
Thirteen adults. Five males 
<collectionCode id="ED16AE0DFF930378FD25F9FBFC8CF908" box="[741,818,1658,1684]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">ZUEC</collectionCode>
13640–44, collected from 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FBBFF9FBFA9CF908" box="[1151,1314,1658,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2000-09-28">28 Sep. 2000</date>
to 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FA90F9FBFF6BF920" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2001-10-04">4 Oct. 2001</date>
; five females 
<collectionCode id="ED16AE0DFF930378FEBDF923FE74F920" box="[381,458,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">ZUEC</collectionCode>
13645–49, collected from 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FCCEF923FC0EF920" box="[782,944,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2000-11-15">15 Nov. 2000</date>
to 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FC19F923FBC7F920" box="[985,1145,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2001-02-22">22 Feb. 2001</date>
; three males AAG-UFU 4122–4, collected from 
<date id="FFB91008FF930378FE6EF94BFDCAF978" box="[430,628,1738,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="2006-11-02" valueMax="2006-11-09" valueMin="2006-11-02">2 to 9 Nov. 2006</date>
. All 
<collectionCode id="ED16AE0DFF930378FD6CF94BFD47F978" box="[684,761,1738,1764]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">ZUEC</collectionCode>
specimens collected by A. A. Giaretta; AAG-UFU specimens collected by H. C. M. Costa and A. A. Giaretta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF93037BFF07F89BFB18FEE6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF93037BFF07F89BFB18FEE6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1538,2004]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FF07F89BFEF9F8A8" bold="true" box="[199,327,1818,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males (topotypes) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FD92F89AFC0FF8A8" box="[594,945,1819,1844]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FD92F89AFC0FF8A8" box="[594,945,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF930378FC7BF89BFC41F8A8" box="[955,1023,1818,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FC7BF89BFC41F8A8" bold="true" box="[955,1023,1818,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF930378FBD1F89BFB01F8A8" box="[1041,1215,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" metricValueMax="1.8699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.49" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="16.8" valueMax="18.7" valueMin="14.9">14.9–18.7 mm</quantity>
SVL, Table I) are smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FE52F8C2FDBCF8C0" box="[402,514,1859,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FE52F8C2FDBCF8C0" box="[402,514,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">I. juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF930378FDD1F8C3FD17F8C0" box="[529,681,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.91" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="19.55" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.1">19.1–20 mm</quantity>
; Table I; 
<figureCitation id="133C2A4DFF930378FCD6F8C3FC1EF8C0" box="[790,928,1858,1884]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,255,1908,1932]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1282,1001,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,194,1727]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,941,1889]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1727]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Two closely related species of Ischnocnema. Above Ischnocnema juipoca (Atibaia, SP). A—Female (AAG- UFU 4203), B—Male (AAG-UFU 4202). Below Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n. (paratopotypes). C—Female (ZUEC 13647), D—Male (AAG-UFU 4122). All specimens are adults. Note smaller size and the darker grey coloration of I. penaxavantinho sp. n.." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Two closely related Ischnocnema species in life. Above Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n. (topotype) (AAG-UFU 4124). Below Ischnocnema juipoca from Poços de Caldas, MG (AAG-UFU 4132)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180090/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180091/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figures 3–4</figureCitation>
above), 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FBC5F8C2FBC5F8C0" box="[1029,1147,1859,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octavioi">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FBC5F8C2FBC5F8C0" box="[1029,1147,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">I. octavioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(29.0–34.0 mm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FA8EF8C2FE40F818" authority="Miranda Ribeiro" authorityName="Miranda Ribeiro" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodactylus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FA8EF8C2FEA1F818" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">E. heterodactylus</emphasis>
(Miranda Ribeiro)
</taxonomicName>
(25.0 mm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FD53F8EAFCB0F818" box="[659,782,1899,1924]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dundeei">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FD53F8EAFCB0F818" box="[659,782,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">P. dundeei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(22.0–27.0 mm), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FBD8F8EAFB1CF818" box="[1048,1186,1899,1924]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepitans">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FBD8F8EAFB1CF818" box="[1048,1186,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">P. crepitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(31.0 mm). 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FAF7F8EAFEE8F830" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FAF7F8EAFEE8F830" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Ischnocnema verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is coarsely tuberculate on the dorsal surfaces (
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF930378FC52F813FB98F830" author="Lynch" box="[914,1062,1938,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1972) Generic partitioning of the South American leptodactylid frog genus Eupsophus Fitzinger 1843 (sensu lato). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science, 71, 2 - 11." type="journal article" year="1972">Lynch 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF930378FBF6F813FA31F830" author="Caramaschi" box="[1078,1423,1938,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Caramaschi, U. &amp; Canedo C. (2006) Reassessment of the taxonomic status of the genera Ischnocnema Reinhart &amp; Lutken, 1862 and Oreobates Jimenez-de-la-Espada, 1872, with notes on the synonymy of Leiuperus verrucosus Reinhart &amp; Lutken 1862 (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Zootaxa, 1116, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2006">Caramaschi &amp; Canedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
), while the new species is mostly smooth. Different from 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FCF2F83AFC02F848" box="[818,956,1979,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepitans">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FCF2F83AFC02F848" box="[818,956,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">P. crepitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF930378FC38F83AFB7AF848" box="[1016,1220,1979,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodactylus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF930378FC38F83AFB7AF848" box="[1016,1220,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">E. heterodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens of the new species do not have expanded discs on finger III and IV. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFCBDFF19FB33FF2D" box="[893,1165,152,177]" genus="Pristrimantis" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="crepitans">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFCBDFF19FB33FF2D" box="[893,1165,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Pristrimantis crepitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have marked sexual dimorphism in size (
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF90037BFE17FF41FD5AFF46" author="Heyer" box="[471,740,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Heyer, W. R. &amp; Munos, A. M. (1999) Validation of Eleutherodactylus crepitans Bokermann, 1965, notes on the types and type locality of Telatrema heterodactylum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, and description of a new species of Eleutherodactylus from Mato Grosso, Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Leptdacylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112 (1), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1999">Heyer &amp; Muños, 1999</bibRefCitation>
), a feature present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFC1DFF41FB0EFF45" box="[989,1200,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFC1DFF41FB0EFF45" box="[989,1200,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF90037BFB77FF3EFB47FF45" box="[1207,1273,191,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFB77FF3EFB47FF45" bold="true" box="[1207,1273,191,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Nuptial pads and finger/toes discs are present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFDF0FF69FBBEFE9E" authority="Padial &amp; De La Riva, 2005" authorityName="Padial &amp; De La Riva" authorityYear="2005" box="[560,1024,232,258]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dundeei">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFDF0FF69FD17FE9D" box="[560,681,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P. dundeei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF90037BFD78FF69FC49FE9E" author="Padial" box="[696,1015,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Padial, J. M. &amp; De La Riva, I. (2005) Rediscovery, Redescription, and advertisement call of Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1937) (Anura: Leptodactylidae), and notes on other Eleutherodactylus. Journal of Herpetology, 39 (3), 372 - 379." type="journal article" year="2005">
Padial &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F3107658FF90037BFCE7FF69FCF7FE9E" box="[807,841,232,258]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">De</collectingCountry>
La Riva, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and absent in the new species. Different from the new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFE3EFE91FD2EFEB5" box="[510,656,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFE3EFE91FD2EFEB5" box="[510,656,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is primarily a forest dweller (C. Canedo, pers. com.), as are 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFA46FE91FF4AFECD" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dundeei">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFA46FE91FF4AFECD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P. dundeei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFEECFEB9FE1DFECD" box="[300,419,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octavioi">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFEECFEB9FE1DFECD" box="[300,419,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. octavioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The advertisement call of the new species has more (1.5–2.5 times) pulses and higher (1.3–1.8 times) pulse repetition rate than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFD0DFEE1FC83FEE5" box="[717,829,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFD0DFEE1FC83FEE5" box="[717,829,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">I. juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see call description sections).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF786640FF90037BFF57FC64FD6AFB83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[538,1048,437,970]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF90037BFF57FC64FD6AFB83" blockId="2.[151,1436,997,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFF57FC64FEACFC61" bold="true" box="[151,274,997,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFEE0FC67FDE1FC61" box="[288,607,998,1021]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFEE0FC67FDE1FC61" box="[288,607,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF90037BFDA5FC64FD1FFC61" box="[613,673,997,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFDA5FC64FD1FFC61" bold="true" box="[613,673,997,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Male AAG-UFU 4124, topotype. A—Dorsal and B—Lateral views of head. C—Palm of left hand and D—Plant of left foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF786640FF90037BFF57FBD3FEABFB33" ID-Table-UUID="DF786640FF90037BFF57FBD3FEABFB33" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF786640FF90037BFF57FBD3FEABFB33" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[159,1429,1232,1759]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF90037BFF57FBD3FEABFB33" blockId="2.[151,1436,1106,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFF57FBD3FEBAFBF6" bold="true" box="[151,260,1106,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Measurements (Mean ± SD, range in parentheses) of adults 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFC69FBD2FB30FBF6" box="[937,1166,1107,1130]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFC69FBD2FB30FBF6" box="[937,1166,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Itatiba and Atibaia, SP, Brazil) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFEDAFBF7FDE4FB11" box="[282,602,1142,1165]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFEDAFBF7FDE4FB11" box="[282,602,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF90037BFDA4FBF4FD1CFB11" box="[612,674,1141,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFDA4FBF4FD1CFB11" bold="true" box="[612,674,1141,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Uberlândia, MG, Brazil). Abbreviations as specified in the holotype description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF90037BFF5FFB72FAD5F943" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<table id="F907C468FF90FC86FF5FFB51FA2BF943" box="[159,1429,1232,1759]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FFB51FA2BFAA8" box="[159,1429,1232,1332]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FFB51FF41FAA8" box="[159,255,1232,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Variables SVL</th>
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEFB51FCE6FAA8" box="[302,856,1232,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFE0EFB51FD0FFB7B" box="[462,689,1232,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFE0EFB51FD0FFB7B" box="[462,689,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Males (N = 3) Females (N = 3) 19.5 ± 0.45 (19.1–20.0) 25.1 ± 1.10 (24.0–26.2)
</th>
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9FB51FA2BFAA8" box="[873,1429,1232,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF90037BFC0FFB51FAB3FB7B" box="[975,1293,1232,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFC0FFB51FAB3FB7B" box="[975,1293,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF90037BFAD4FB51FAEEFB74" box="[1300,1360,1232,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFAD4FB51FAEEFB74" bold="true" box="[1300,1360,1232,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Males (N = 5) Females (N = 5) 16.0 ± 1.57 (14.9–18.7) 20.3 ± 0.36 (19.9–20.7)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FFAC9FA2BFAC3" box="[159,1429,1352,1375]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FFAC9FF41FAC3" box="[159,255,1352,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">HW</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEFAC9FCE6FAC3" box="[302,856,1352,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">7.6 ± 0.06 (7.5–7.6) 9.4 ± 0.51 (9.0–10.0)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9FAC9FA2BFAC3" box="[873,1429,1352,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">6.1 ± 0.71 (5.1–7.0) 7.2 ± 0.23 (7.0–7.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FFAF2FA2BFA28" box="[159,1429,1395,1460]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FFAF2FF41FA28" box="[159,255,1395,1460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">HL EE</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEFAF2FCE6FA28" box="[302,856,1395,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">6.1 ± 0.10 (6.0–6.2) 7.4 ± 0.32 (7.0–7.6) 2.1 ± 0.12 (2.0–2.2) 2.4 ± 0.12 (2.3–2.5)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9FAF2FA2BFA28" box="[873,1429,1395,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">5.3 ± 0.35 (4.8–5.7) 6.9 ± 0.26 (6.5–7.2) 1.7 ± 0.45 (1.2–2.4) 1.9 ± 0.21 (1.7–2.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FFA49FA2BFA43" box="[159,1429,1480,1503]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FFA49FF41FA43" box="[159,255,1480,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">EN</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEFA49FCE6FA43" box="[302,856,1480,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">1.8 ± 0.15 (1.7–2.0) 2.3 ± 0.06 (2.2–2.3)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9FA49FA2BFA43" box="[873,1429,1480,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">1.4 ± 0.19 (1.1–1.6) 1.9 ± 0.26 (1.6–2.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FFA72FA2BF9A8" box="[159,1429,1523,1588]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FFA72FF41F9A8" box="[159,255,1523,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Tibia Femur</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEFA72FCE6F9A8" box="[302,856,1523,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">11.1 ± 0.45 (10.6–11.5) 13.7 ± 0.58 (13.0–14.0) 10.0 ± 0.95 (9.1–11.0) 13.2 ± 0.70 (12.5–13.9)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9FA72FA2BF9A8" box="[873,1429,1523,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">8.6 ± 0.61 (8.3–9.1) 11.0 ± 0.45 (10.6–11.7) 8.0 ± 0.44 (7.5–8.5) 9.6 ± 0.65 (9.0–10.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FF9C9FA2BF9C3" box="[159,1429,1608,1631]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FF9C9FF41F9C3" box="[159,255,1608,1631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Foot</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEF9C9FCE6F9C3" box="[302,856,1608,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">10.3 ± 0.80 (9.5–11.1) 12.8 ± 0.38 (12.4–13.1)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9F9C9FA2BF9C3" box="[873,1429,1608,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">8.4 ± 0.74 (7.7–9.3) 10.8 ± 0.61 (9.7–11.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FF9F2FA2BF928" box="[159,1429,1651,1716]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FF9F2FF41F928" box="[159,255,1651,1716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">4TT 3FT</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEF9F2FCE6F928" box="[302,856,1651,1716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">0.6 ± 0.03 (0.5–0.6) 0.7 ± 0.06 (0.6–0.7) 0.5 ± 0.00 (0.5–0.5) 0.7 ± 0.08 (0.6–0.7)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9F9F2FA2BF928" box="[873,1429,1651,1716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">0.5 ± 0.03 (0.5–0.5) 0.6 ± 0.03 (0.5–0.6) 0.5 ± 0.04 (0.4–0.5) 0.5 ± 0.06 (0.4–0.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3537348AFF90FC86FF5FF949FA2BF943" box="[159,1429,1736,1759]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FF5FF949FF41F943" box="[159,255,1736,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">TD</th>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FEEEF949FCE6F943" box="[302,856,1736,1759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">1.0 ± 0.06 (0.9–1.0) 1.2 ± 0.05 (1.1–1.2)</td>
<td id="76E65DF6FF90FC86FCA9F949FA2BF943" box="[873,1429,1736,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">0.8 ± 0.04 (0.7–0.8) 1.0 ± 0.07 (0.9–1.1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF90037DFF07F8B1FB83FD7E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF90037AFF07F8B1FA9FFC96" blockId="2.[151,1436,1840,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,778]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF90037BFF07F8B1FD9DF8D6" bold="true" box="[199,547,1840,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54BC886AFF90037BFE71F8B1FDA1F8D6" box="[433,543,1840,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male ZUEC 13639. Head wider than long; rostrum subacuminate in dorsal view, round in profile; nostrils closer to the snout tip than eye; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region concave; upper eyelid with 3–4 enlarged tubercles; supratympanic fold defined, obscuring the superior and posterior edges of tympanic annulus; a discrete thin dermal fold from between nostrils to vent; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus distinct; tympanum higher than wide, widest diameter 1/3 of eye diameter; 1–2 rounded postrictal tubercles at each side of head; choanae oval, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; vomerine odontophores almost indistinct, posteromedian oblique, and lacking teeth; tongue longer than wide, oval, its posterior border not notched, posterior 1/4 free; vocal slits posterolateral to tongue; vocal sac developed, subgular; belly skin smooth; inner metacarpal tubercles oval; half the size of the outer; up to 4 supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles rounded; when aligned finger 1~2&lt;4&lt;3; tips of fingers III and IV slightly expanded, lacking grooves or pads; no nuptial pads; skin of dorsal surfaces (head, back, flanks, and legs) smooth with scattered smooth tubercles; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles rounded, nearly of same size; 0–2 plantar supernumerary tubercles at the base of toes; subarticular tubercles of toes round, subconical; toes lacking fringes; relative length of toes 1&lt;2&lt;5&lt;3&lt;4; tips of toes III and IV slightly expanded, lacking grooves or pads. Measurements (mm) and proportions (%) in relation to SVL (
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF91037AFB6FFD81FAA0FD86" box="[1199,1310,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
) are: head width (HW) 5.8 (38.9); head length (HL) 5.5 (36.9); eye-eye distance (EE)1.6 (10.7); eye-nostril distance (EN) 1.3 (8.7); tibia 7.7 (51.7); femur 7.6 (51.0); foot 8.2 (55.0); maximum width of forth toe tip (4TT) 0.5 (3.7); maximum width of third finger tip (3FT) 0.5 (3.7); maximum vertical tympanum diameter (TD) 0.75 (5.0). In preservative, dorsal surfaces dark brown with nearly circular darker grey spots on tubercles; mottling on lips dark brown; belly dark cream; vocal sac dark grey. Variation in measurements in the 
<typeStatus id="54BC886AFF91037AFB3CFD49FA90FD7E" box="[1276,1326,712,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
series in Table I; in preservative, individuals can be dark grey on dorsal surfaces and have a black vocal sac.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF786640FF91037AFF57F8DBFEA6F82B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180089/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[305,1263,820,1853]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF91037AFF57F8DBFEA6F82B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1882,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF91037AFF57F8DBFEABF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,277,1882,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF91037AFEE5F8DBFDDBF8ED" box="[293,613,1882,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF91037AFEE5F8DBFDDBF8ED" box="[293,613,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF91037AFDAEF8DBFD12F8EE" box="[622,684,1882,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF91037AFDAEF8DBFD12F8EE" bold="true" box="[622,684,1882,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. above left: holotype (male, ZUEC 13639), Above right: a topotype (male, AAG-UFU 4124), below: a specimen from Perdizes–MG tentatively attributed to the new species (male, AAG- UFU 2616).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF96037DFF07FF16FD03FECE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF07FF16FD04FF2D" bold="true" box="[199,698,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Advertisement call (from one topotype).</emphasis>
Figure 5A–B. Call duration 520–650 ms; frequency range and sound energy increasing from the beginning to the middle of the call; 15–18 pulses/call; pulse repetition rate 23–29/s; dominant frequency peak at 3800 Hz; last pulse lasting 2–10 ms, inter-pulse intervals 40 ms; call repetition rate 6.6 calls/min. Calls heard in the field were emitted in series of 1–5, spaced about 7–22 s from each other; call series spaced by 5–20 minutes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF96037DFF07FEDEFB83FD7E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF07FEDEFE31FEE5" bold="true" box="[199,399,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Natural history.</emphasis>
The vegetation at the 
<typeStatus id="54BC886AFF96037DFD5EFEE1FD6FFEE6" box="[670,721,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
locality (Panga) includes several Cerrado (
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF96037DFB16FEE1FEB3FE3E" author="Oliveira" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Oliveira, P. S. &amp; Marquis, R. J. (2002) The cerrados of Brazil: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical savanna. Columbia University Press, New York. 373 pp." type="book" year="2002">Oliveira &amp; Marquis 2002</bibRefCitation>
) physiognomies, including “Veredas” (a vegetation dominated by grass-like plants, with dispersed bushes and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFEE0FE31FE4CFE55" box="[288,498,432,457]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFEE0FE31FE4CFE55" box="[288,498,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<collectingCountry id="F3107658FF96037DFEE0FE31FE36FE55" box="[288,392,432,457]" name="Mauritius" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Mauritia</collectingCountry>
flexuosa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
palms) and a riverine forest running along the Panga River (
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF96037DFB7EFE31FB52FE56" box="[1214,1260,432,458]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
wide). 
<collectingCountry id="F3107658FF96037DFA86FE31FA22FE56" box="[1350,1436,432,458]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Human</collectingCountry>
altered areas are covered by the exotic grass 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFD62FE59FC9CFE6D" box="[674,802,472,497]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFD62FE59FC9CFE6D" box="[674,802,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brachiaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.. The local weather presents a hot and wet summer (Sep.–Mar.), and a cold and dry winter (Apr.–Aug), when frosts may occur. The annual precipitation is around 
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF96037DFF57FDA9FEB8FDDE" box="[151,262,552,578]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1500.0">1500 mm</quantity>
ranging from 
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF96037DFE6DFDA9FDD3FDDE" box="[429,621,552,578]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1375.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="750.0">750 to 2000 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF96037DFDBBFDA9FC05FDDE" author="Giaretta" box="[635,955,552,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" refString="Giaretta, A. A. &amp; Kokubum, M. N. de C. (2004) Reproductive ecology of Leptodactylus furnarius Sazima &amp; Bokermann, 1978, a frog that lays eggs in underground chambers. Herpetozoa, 16 (3 / 4), 115.126." type="journal article" year="2004">Giaretta &amp; Kokubum 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Males were heard calling on the ground (N = 2) or perched (up to 
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF96037DFE04FDD1FDB2FDF6" box="[452,524,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
height) (N = 3) amidst dense tufts of natural grass-like herbs in Veredas or on 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFF57FDF9FEA6FD0D" box="[151,280,632,657]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF57FDF9FEA6FD0D" box="[151,280,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brachiaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. up to 
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF96037DFE52FDF9FE61FD0E" box="[402,479,632,658]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
from permanently wet soil (N = 1). Rarely, when fires cleared open areas from grasses, males were heard also from within forests or forest borders (N = 5). Calling activity was observed (Oct.-Mar.) being most intense during afternoon and the first hours of the night.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF96037DFF07FD6EFA33FC1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF96037DFF07FD6EFA33FC1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF07FD6EFEF2FC95" bold="true" box="[199,332,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is an arbitrary fusion of two Portuguese words 
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFB47FD71FB7EFC95" box="[1159,1216,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">pena</emphasis>
(meaning feather) and 
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF09FC99FEF5FCAD" box="[201,331,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">xavantinho</emphasis>
(meaning little Xavante, a group of pre-colonization natives). These names were used by two regional singer brothers (Pena Branca and Xavantinho) who in their songs emphasized the beauty of the Brazilian nature and the countryside way of life. It is used as a noun in apposition and as homage to both artists.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF786640FF96037DFF57F8F5FE00F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180090/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[151,1282,1001,1844]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF96037DFF57F8F5FE00F86F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1908,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF57F8F5FEACF810" bold="true" box="[151,274,1908,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Two closely related species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFDA5F8F5FD4CF817" box="[613,754,1908,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFDA5F8F5FD4CF817" box="[613,754,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Above 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFC8CF8F5FB91F817" box="[844,1071,1908,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFC8CF8F5FB91F817" box="[844,1071,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Atibaia, SP). A—Female (AAG- UFU 4203), B—Male (AAG-UFU 4202). Below 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFD09F816FBB2F832" box="[713,1036,1943,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFD09F816FBB2F832" box="[713,1036,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF96037DFBD9F817FBE4F832" box="[1049,1114,1942,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFBD9F817FBE4F832" bold="true" box="[1049,1114,1942,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratopotypes). C—Female (ZUEC 13647), D—Male (AAG-UFU 4122). All specimens are adults. Note smaller size and the darker grey coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF96037DFF74F85DFECAF86F" box="[180,372,2012,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFF74F85DFECAF86F" box="[180,372,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">I. penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF96037DFEBBF85DFE08F868" box="[379,438,2012,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF96037DFEBBF85DFE08F868" bold="true" box="[379,438,2012,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF786640FF97037CFF57F956FB2BF88D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1727]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF97037CFF57F956FB2BF88D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1751,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFF57F956FEABF973" bold="true" box="[151,277,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Two closely related 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF97037CFDC7F959FD2AF973" box="[519,660,1752,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFDC7F959FD2AF973" box="[519,660,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in life. Above 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF97037CFC59F959FB67F973" box="[921,1241,1752,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFC59F959FB67F973" box="[921,1241,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF97037CFB24F956FA9DF973" box="[1252,1315,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFB24F956FA9DF973" bold="true" box="[1252,1315,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(topotype) (AAG-UFU 4124). Below 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF97037CFE76F97BFD27F88D" box="[438,665,1786,1809]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFE76F97BFD27F88D" box="[438,665,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Poços de Caldas, MG (AAG-UFU 4132).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31D6543FF97037FFF07F8C1FB05F872" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF97037FFF07F8C1FAB1FE98" blockId="5.[151,1436,1856,2005]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,500]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF97037CFF07F8C1FEFAF8C6" bold="true" box="[199,324,1856,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Variation.</emphasis>
We tentatively attribute specimens collected (AAG) in Perdizes to the new species (
<figureCitation id="133C2A4DFF97037CFAF6F8C1FA25F8C6" box="[1334,1435,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,820,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,820,1858]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho sp. n.. above left: holotype (male, ZUEC 13639), Above right: a topotype (male, AAG-UFU 4124), below: a specimen from Perdizes – MG tentatively attributed to the new species (male, AAG- UFU 2616)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figure 2</figureCitation>
below). The three analyzed specimens (AAG-UFU 2463, 2575, 2616) presented a mean SVL of 
<quantity id="4CFF9B2DFF97037CFB3EF8E9FAD8F81E" box="[1278,1382,1896,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
(SD = 0.87), significantly larger than the topotypic population (ANOVA F1, 6 = 11.8; p &lt;0.02). Advertisement call (Figure 5C): Duration 810–960 ms; frequency range and sound intensity rising from the beginning to the first third of the call; 17–19 pulses/call; pulse repetition rate 20/s; dominant frequency peak at 3500 Hz; last two pulses lasting 4.2–4.6 ms, 50–70 ms interval; 3 calls/min. The call of a second male (EleuthpenaxavMG2AAGb) lasted 850 ms, had 17 pulses/call, and 2 calls/min. (19:00h; 20.5 o C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF94037FFF07FE93FCDAFE68" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
In comparison to the new species, advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFCA0FE92FBE4FEB0" box="[864,1114,275,300]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFCA0FE92FBE4FEB0" box="[864,1114,275,300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the following parameters (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF94037FFE85FEBBFDD5FEC8" author="Sazima" box="[325,619,314,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Sazima, I. &amp; Cardoso, A. J. (1978) Uma especie nova de Eleutherodactylus do sudeste Brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista. Brasileira de Biologia, 38 (4), 921 - 925." type="journal article" year="1978">Sazima &amp; Cardoso 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B39FF94037FFDB8FEBBFCE0FEC8" author="Haddad" box="[632,862,314,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Haddad, C. F. B., Andrade, G. V. &amp; Cardoso, A. J. (1988) Anfibios Anuros no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Estado de Minas Gerais. Brasil Florestal, 64, 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1988">
Haddad 
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFD1BFEBAFCA9FEC8" box="[731,791,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
). One topotype recorded (Figure 5D). Call duration 510 ms; frequency range and sound energy increasing from the beginning to the middle of the call; 8 pulses/call; pulse repetition rate 16/s; dominant frequency peak at 3300 Hz; last pulse lasting 20 ms, interpulse intervals 50 ms; calls released sporadically. This call is shorter, has fewer pulses, and lower pulse repetition rate than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFE4CFE5AFDE1FE68" box="[396,607,475,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFE4CFE5AFDE1FE68" box="[396,607,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">I. penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF94037FFDA6FE5BFD16FE68" box="[614,680,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFDA6FE5BFD16FE68" bold="true" box="[614,680,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Figure 5A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C8FF94037FFF57F895FB05F872" blockId="6.[151,1436,1812,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFF57F895FEACF8B0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Advertisement call of two closely related species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFC8EF895FC64F8B7" box="[846,986,1812,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFC8EF895FC64F8B7" box="[846,986,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A—Oscillogram, B—spectrogram of the call of a topotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFE97F8BBFD2AF8CD" box="[343,660,1850,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFE97F8BBFD2AF8CD" box="[343,660,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Ischnocnema penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF94037FFD5BF8B8FD68F8CD" box="[667,726,1849,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFD5BF8B8FD68F8CD" bold="true" box="[667,726,1849,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, voucher AAG-UFU 4123, 
<date id="FFB91008FF94037FFBC1F8BBFB7AF8CD" box="[1025,1220,1850,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2006-11-09">9 November 2006</date>
, 18:15h, Uberlândia (MG), air 22.9 o C, record file EleuthpenaxavMG3AAGm. C— Spectrogram of the call of species tentatively attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFF57F80BFEE3F83D" box="[151,349,1930,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penaxavantinho" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFF57F80BFEE3F83D" box="[151,349,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">I. penaxavantinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057A1FF94037FFEA9F808FE14F83D" box="[361,426,1929,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFEA9F808FE14F83D" bold="true" box="[361,426,1929,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, unvouchered record, 
<date id="FFB91008FF94037FFD6AF80BFCC8F83D" box="[682,886,1930,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2003-12-05">5 December 2003</date>
, 17:15h, Perdizes (MG), air 26.6 o C, record file EleuthpenaxavMG1bAAGb. D—Spectrogram of the call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074D4BFF94037FFCF4F82EFBA2F85A" box="[820,1052,1967,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juipoca">
<emphasis id="B973EADAFF94037FFCF4F82EFBA2F85A" box="[820,1052,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Ischnocnema juipoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unvouchered topotype, 
<date id="FFB91008FF94037FFAF1F82EFF71F872" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2004-01-02">2 January 2004</date>
, 19:40h, Campinas/Joaquim Egídio (SP), air 17.0 o C. Record file EleutherojuipocaSP2AAGb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>