196 lines
22 KiB
XML
196 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A2FD0417A81056C3196B8010C174D1B1">Spalacidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C2B41B784D6BAF9104DFDC4B6AA365E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60B9825155842A2ED7D7261D94F0546A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC94001BBD94539322ADE48361E3ECCD">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1F29847118DBB01F7361FE7258C4BC1D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AE87DDFF94BD18FAE8FB4BF899F4C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195728743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF94BD18FAE8FB4BF899F4C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87DDFF94BD18FAE8FB4BF899F4C4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAE8FB4BFA3EFAB4" box="[1391,1445,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAE8FB4BFA3EFAB4" blockId="8.[1387,2338,1265,1350]" box="[1391,1445,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF94BD18FAE8FB4BFA3EFAB4" box="[1391,1445,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A4EFF94BD18FAE8FB4BFA3EFAB4" box="[1391,1445,1268,1310]" captionStart="Plate 5: Spalacidae" captionStartId="2.[102,132,3298,3323]" captionTargetBox="[14,2754,13,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Altai Zokor (Myospalax myospalax), 2. Steppe Zokor (Myospalax aspalax), 3. Armand’s Zokor (Mpyospalax armandii), 4. Manchurian Zokor (Myospalax psilurus), 5. Khingan Zokor (Myospalax epsilanus), 6. Fontanier’s Zokor (FEospalax fontaniern), 7. Gansu Zokor (Fospalax cansus), 8. Qinling Zokor (Fospalax rufescens), 9. Plateau Zokor (FEospalax bailey), 10. Rothschild’s Zokor (Eospalax rothschildi), 11. Smith’s Zokor (Eospalax smithu), 12. Chinese Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sinensis), 13. Hoary Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), 14. Indomalayan Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis), 15. Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius), 16. African Root Rat (Tachyoryctes splendens), 17. Giant Root Rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), 18. Oltenia Blind Mole-rat (Spalax istricus), 19. Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (Spalax antiquus), 20. Bukovina Blind Mole-rat (Spalax graecus), 21. Podolsk Blind Mole-rat (Spalax zemni), 22. Sandy Blind Mole-rat (Spalax arenarius), 23. Greater Blind Mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus), 24. Giant Blind Mole-rat (Spalax giganteus), 25. Kazakhstan Blind Mole-rat (Spalax uralensis), 26. Lesser Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax leucodon), 27. Anatolian Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon), 28. Middle East Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax ehrenbergi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609169/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">18.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FA30FB4BF814FAB4" box="[1463,1935,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FA30FB4BF814FAB4" blockId="8.[1387,2338,1265,1350]" box="[1463,1935,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF94BD18FA30FB4BF814FAB4" box="[1463,1935,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF94BD18FA30FB4BF814FAB4" box="[1463,1935,1268,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Oltenia Blind Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18F845FB4EF748FAB5" box="[1986,2259,1265,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18F845FB4EF748FAB5" blockId="8.[1387,2338,1265,1350]" box="[1986,2259,1265,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF94BD18F845FB4EF748FAB5" box="[1986,2259,1265,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F845FB4EF748FAB5" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[1986,2259,1265,1311]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18F845FB4EF748FAB5" box="[1986,2259,1265,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Spalax istricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAECFA8EF6B9FAEC" box="[1387,2338,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAECFA8EF6B9FAEC" blockId="8.[1387,2338,1265,1350]" box="[1387,2338,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF94BD18FAECFA8EF6B9FAEC" box="[1387,2338,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAECFA8EFA2CFAEC" bold="true" box="[1387,1463,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">French:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18FA47FA8EF9F9FAEC" authority="d'Oltenie" authorityName="d'Oltenie" box="[1472,1634,1329,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF94BD18FA47FA8EF9F9FAEC" box="[1472,1634,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Spalax d'Olténie</vernacularName>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18F9F0FA8EF94AFAEC" bold="true" box="[1655,1745,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF94BD18F95CFA8EF804FAEC" box="[1755,1951,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Oltenien-Blindmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18F833FA8EF78BFAEC" bold="true" box="[1972,2064,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF94BD18F79DFA8EF6B9FAEC" box="[2074,2338,1329,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Rata topo ciega de Oltenia</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18F848FACCF6D5F7F3" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18F848FACCF586FA3E" blockId="8.[1998,2593,1395,1822]" box="[1999,2589,1395,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18F848FACCF7F1FA3E" bold="true" box="[1999,2154,1395,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F706FACCF582FA3E" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authority="Mehely, 1909" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[2177,2585,1395,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">Spalax istricus Méhely, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18F857FA1CF6C5FA16" blockId="8.[1998,2593,1395,1822]" box="[2000,2398,1443,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3C96FF94BD18F857FA1CF6C5FA16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802165317" box="[2000,2398,1443,1468]" country="Romania" location="Barza" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Olt County">
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<location id="8ED86010FF94BD18F857FA1CF784FA16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF94BD18FAE8FB4BF899F4C4:8ED86010FF94BD18F857FA1CF784FA16" box="[2000,2079,1443,1468]" country="Romania" name="Barza" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="Olt County">Barza</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F829FF94BD18F7A8FA1CF751FA16" box="[2095,2250,1443,1468]" country="Romania" name="Olt" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Olt County</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F310765BFF94BD18F75CFA1CF6C0FA16" box="[2267,2395,1443,1468]" name="Romania" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Romania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18F857FA7DF6D5F7F3" blockId="8.[1998,2593,1395,1822]" lastBlockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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L. Méhely in 1909 designated three syntypes from three different localities. G. S. Miller in 1912 restricted the type locality to Barza, and G. Csorba and A. Demeter in 1991 designated the specimen from Barza as the lectotype.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F6E0F934F5BAF902" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[2407,2593,1675,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">Spalax istricus</taxonomicName>
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isa member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F750F911F6C8F965" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[2263,2387,1710,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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species group, which is characterized by elongated nasal bones and higher position ofsella externa of the mandible relative to sella interna.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F846F89BF7E6F8EF" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[1985,2173,1828,1861]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">Spalax istricus</taxonomicName>
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was traditionally united with
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18FAEBF8F3FA73F8C7" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1388,1512,1868,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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and S. antiquus into a single species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F86CF8F3F7F2F8C7" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[2027,2153,1868,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F7FEF8F3F6ABF8C7" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[2169,2352,1868,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">Spalax istricus</taxonomicName>
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was usually treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F9F9F8CCF967F83E" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1662,1788,1907,1940]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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or united with S. antiquus as a distinct subspecies, S. g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F580F8CCFA2AF816" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">istricus</taxonomicName>
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. In an analysis of mtDNA, A. Németh and colleagues in 2013 demonstrated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18FAEBF87DFA72F849" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1388,1513,1986,2019]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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and S. antiquus exhibit considerable genetic divergence that was comparable to species-level differences among other species of Spalax. They also demonstrated clear morphological differences among
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F827F7AEF786F798" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1952,2077,2065,2098]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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, S. antiqguus, and S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F6B7F7AEF613F798" ID-CoL="4YDYX" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[2352,2440,2065,2098]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">istricus</taxonomicName>
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that led to their conclusion that these represent three distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF7DCF958F72A" box="[1386,1731,2147,2176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF786643FF94BD18FAEDF7DCF958F72A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609143" box="[1386,1731,2147,2176]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609143/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" targetBox="[1384,1975,1404,1818]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF7DCF958F72A" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1386,1731,2147,2176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF7DCF981F72A" bold="true" box="[1386,1562,2147,2176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S Romania.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF738F9E8F6C7" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF738F9E8F6C7" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF738F9FFF702" bold="true" box="[1386,1636,2183,2216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body c.242 mm, no visible external tail. No specific data are available for body weight. Color of the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat is variable; in the original description, it was referred to as reddish brown above and rust-colored below. According to Németh and colleagues in 2013, the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat differs from the other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F958F69AF8C6F6EC" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1759,1885,2341,2374]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in having a rostrum that is narrowed above but wider ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF6CBF6ECF63F" box="[1386,2423,2420,2453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF6CBF6ECF63F" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1386,2423,2420,2453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF6CBFA42F63F" bold="true" box="[1386,1497,2420,2453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Steppes,fields, and orchards of Oltenia and Muntenia, Romania.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF624F8C5F616" box="[1386,1886,2459,2492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF624F8C5F616" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1386,1886,2459,2492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF624F9F4F616" bold="true" box="[1386,1647,2459,2492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF67DF944F649" box="[1386,1759,2498,2531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF67DF944F649" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1386,1759,2498,2531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF67DFA6BF649" bold="true" box="[1386,1520,2498,2531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEFF655F8D9F5A1" box="[1384,1858,2538,2571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEFF655F8D9F5A1" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1384,1858,2538,2571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEFF655F9C8F5A1" bold="true" box="[1384,1619,2538,2571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF5AEF68EF598" box="[1386,2325,2577,2610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF5AEF68EF598" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" box="[1386,2325,2577,2610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF5AEF7BDF598" bold="true" box="[1386,2086,2577,2610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF582F963F55D" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF582F963F55D" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF582F952F5F0" bold="true" box="[1386,1737,2621,2650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18FAEBF5DFFA74F52B" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1388,1519,2656,2689]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additional careful assessment of the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat separate from the Bukovina Blind Mole-rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF94BD18F890F534F803F502" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1815,1944,2699,2728]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (S. antiquus) is needed. The Oltenia Blind Mole-rat has not been recorded in 30 years and appears to be extremely rare or extinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF94BD18FAEDF4B9F899F4C4" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF94BD18FAEDF4B9F899F4C4" blockId="8.[1384,2593,1828,2926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF94BD18FAEDF4B9F998F4B5" bold="true" box="[1386,1539,2822,2847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chisamera et al. (2014), Csorba & Demeter (1991), Hadid et al. (2012), Krystufek (1999a), Méhely (1909), Miller (1912a), Murariu & Torcea (1984), Musser & Carleton (2005), Németh et al. (2013), Topachevskii (1969), Zagorodnyuk & Coroiu (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |