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<document id="99085CFA955FFA5E63C21F0FCE988439" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2595" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12723215" ID-ZooBank="70D006CF-0801-4268-BEB1-74E8679F8A4F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720685871646" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maniei, Fatemeh &amp; Wägele, Heike" docDate="2024" docId="03AE87D2FFC9F47EB5077B03FAD4FA5D" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.943.179-217.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2595/11841" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dendrodoris nigra" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="FF97FFAAFFC1F472B72B7F12FFA3FFB8" masterDocTitle="Dendrodorididae (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia) from Persian Gulf with a description of a new species of Doriopsilla and remarks on the family" masterLastPageNumber="217" masterPageNumber="179" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1720696288810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="EB6E5012EB5F3B80E3EF452F4FEE2172">Dendrodorididae (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia) from Persian Gulf with a description of a new species of Doriopsilla and remarks on the family</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95DE8A42A76383C1537B71B7AC0A6D32">Maniei, Fatemeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC2682EDAF27EBB687349890F2736873">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DAAD8ADDCEA0CD711143DA4D7725498" type="email">f.maniei@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1548FBB727E4CD45790BFF9A706E3813">Wägele, Heike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="002E9A455D72D1D6D68FF28C98E6CEAE">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C9AF6ECC17CB70C65BD082A4E3AB3A90" type="email">H.Waegele@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3298F3D36516A2282C1561392FCFFB1D">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="659455902F332C7DD273D02290F20788">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="88661BAFD29CCCDA4C8BF2C5A4D20605">2024-07-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E22D91E8FC7588A0F4FA555F43775E81">943</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AE87D2FFC9F47EB5077B03FAD4FA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87D2FFC9F47EB5077B03FAD4FA5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87D2FFC9F47EB5077B03FAD4FA5D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47AB5077B03FBA4FB95" box="[556,1031,1041,1069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB5077B03FBA4FB95" blockId="8.[556,1031,1041,1104]" box="[556,1031,1041,1069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0F081A8FFC9F47AB5077B03FBA4FB95" box="[556,1031,1041,1069]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC9F47AB5077B03FBA4FB95" ID-CoL="34Q75" authority="(W. Stimpson, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[556,1031,1041,1069]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB5077B03FCAFFB94" bold="true" box="[556,780,1041,1068]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
(W. Stimpson, 1855)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47AB58F7B27FC32FBE8" box="[676,913,1077,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB58F7B27FC32FBE8" blockId="8.[556,1031,1041,1104]" box="[676,913,1077,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC9F47AB58F7B27FC84FBF7" box="[676,807,1077,1103]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,458,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-63@9.[189,1398,458,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. External appearance of live animals. A. Dorsal view of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855) with black mantle and yellow spots. B. Dendrodoris nigra with black mantle, white spots, and a thick distinct red submarginal band; inset shows ventral view. C. Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830) black form. D. Dendrodoris fumata red form. E. Dendrodoris fumata pale brown form. F. Dorsal view of Doriopsilla aroni sp. nov.; inset shows ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723219/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC9F47AB4187B27FCC2FBF7" box="[819,865,1077,1103]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionStartId-1="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId-0="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">3–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC9F47AB4467B27FC32FBE8" box="[877,913,1077,1104]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[187,230,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,1235,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-341@13.[189,1398,1235,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic outline of genital system of species of Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831. A. D. nigra (W. Stimpson 1855). B. D. fumata (Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830). Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; Bc = Bursa copulatrix; Gn = Gonad; P = Penis; Pr = Prostate gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis; Va = Vaginal duct; Vgl =Vestibular gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">5A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47AB7967B64FBE5FB28" box="[189,1094,1142,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967B64FBE5FB28" blockId="8.[189,1094,1142,1169]" box="[189,1094,1142,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1711EAFFC9F47AB7967B64FBE5FB28" box="[189,1094,1142,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC9F47AB7967B64FE3AFB28" ID-CoL="34Q75" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[189,409,1142,1168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB7967B64FE3AFB28" box="[189,409,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AA610D5FFC9F47AB69E7B65FDD9FB29" author="Yonow N." box="[437,634,1142,1169]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/95345959928223AB41CDA34143058CC4" page="53" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB69E7B65FDD9FB29" author="Yonow N." box="[437,634,1142,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref18582" refString="Yonow N. 2012. Opisthobranchs from the Western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and ten new records (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1 - 129. https: // zookeys. pensoft. net / articles. php? id = 2811" type="journal article" year="2012">Yonow 2012: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 57 (
<collectingCountry id="F3107654FFC9F47AB5CB7B65FC88FB29" box="[736,811,1143,1169]" name="Oman" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Oman</collectingCountry>
) and references therein.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47AB7967BAAFBA6FAD2" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967BAAFE95FB6A" blockId="8.[189,310,1208,1234]" box="[189,310,1208,1234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0F081A8FFC9F47AB7967BAAFE95FB6A" bold="true" box="[189,310,1208,1234]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB7967BAAFE95FB6A" bold="true" box="[189,310,1208,1234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967BF4FBA6FAD2" blockId="8.[188,1399,1254,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
Colouration usually black or dark grey. Body soft, without spicules; mantle margin delicate; more than 5 gill branches; oral tentacles absent. Ptyalin glands and salivary glands present; oesophagus characterised by a highly glandular epithelium. Penis with spines; vestibular gland present (
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB36F7A3FFAB8FAFF" author="Valdes A. &amp; Ortea J. &amp; Avila C. &amp; Ballesteros M." box="[1092,1307,1325,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref18411" refString="Valdes A., Ortea J., Avila C. &amp; Ballesteros M. 1996. Review of the genus Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 (Gastropoda. Nudibranchia) in the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Molluscan Studies 62: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / 62.1.1" type="journal article" year="1996">
Valdés
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB3B77A3CFB6CFAFF" box="[1180,1231,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB20C7A3FFE9EFAD2" author="Brodie G. D. &amp; Willan R. C. &amp; Collins J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="407 - 423" refId="ref15071" refString="Brodie G. D., Willan R. C. &amp; Collins J. D. 1997. Taxonomy and occurrence of Dendrodoris nigra and Dendrodoris fumata (Nudibranchia. Dendrodorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific Region. Journal of Molluscan Studies 63: 407 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / 63.3.407" type="journal article" year="1997">
Brodie
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB7977A43FF53FAD2" box="[188,240,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB6627A42FDC4FAD2" author="Valdes A. &amp; Gosliner T. M." box="[329,615,1360,1386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="315 - 360" refId="ref18238" refString="Valdes A. &amp; Gosliner T. M. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the radula-less dorids (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with the description of a new genus and a new family. Zoologica Scripta 28: 315 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.1999.00014. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Valdés &amp; Gosliner 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB5597A42FCF0FAD2" author="Wagele H. &amp; Brodie G. &amp; Klussmann-Kolb A." box="[626,851,1360,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="79 - 94" refId="ref18468" refString="Wagele H., Brodie G. &amp; Klussmann-Kolb A. 1999. Histological investigations of Dendrodoris nigra (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Dendrodorididae). Molluscan Research 20: 79 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.1999.10673725" type="journal article" year="1999">
Wägele
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB5F87A43FCA5FAD2" box="[723,774,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B35FFC9F47AB4757A43FC5AFAD2" author="Yonow N." box="[862,1017,1360,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref18582" refString="Yonow N. 2012. Opisthobranchs from the Western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and ten new records (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1 - 129. https: // zookeys. pensoft. net / articles. php? id = 2811" type="journal article" year="2012">Yonow 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47AB7967A83FE59FA45" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967A83FE09FA13" blockId="8.[189,426,1425,1451]" box="[189,426,1425,1451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0F081A8FFC9F47AB7967A83FE09FA13" bold="true" box="[189,426,1425,1451]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB7967A83FE09FA13" bold="true" box="[189,426,1425,1451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967AD2FE59FA45" blockId="8.[189,1398,1470,1534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3C99FFC9F47AB7967AD2FE54FA45" collectingDate="2015-03" collectingDateMax="2015-04-31" collectingDateMin="2015-03" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Fatemeh Maniei" country="Iran" latitude="26.558054" location="Bandar Lengeh" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="54.880554" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="ZMH 141488" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3107654FFC9F47AB7967AD2FEA6FA62" box="[189,261,1472,1498]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">IRAN</collectingCountry>
• 12 specs;
<location id="8ED8601FFFC9F47AB6887AD2FDFCFA62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87D2FFC9F47EB5077B03FAD4FA5D:8ED8601FFFC9F47AB6887AD2FDFCFA62" box="[419,607,1472,1498]" country="Iran" latitude="26.558054" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="54.880554" name="Bandar Lengeh" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Bandar Lengeh</location>
;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE335003FFC9F47AB4327AACFC13FA63" box="[793,944,1470,1499]" degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" precision="15" seconds="50" value="54.880554">54°52′50″ E</geoCoordinate>
; intertidal;
<date id="FFB91004FFC9F47AB3147AD2FAA2FA63" box="[1087,1281,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" value="2015-03" valueMax="2015-04-31" valueMin="2015-03-00">
<collectingDate id="EFFDE9ECFFC9F47AB3147AD2FAA2FA63" box="[1087,1281,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" value="2015-03" valueMax="2015-04-31" valueMin="2015-03-00">Mar.–Apr. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26F25312FFC9F47AB23A7AD2FEB3FA45" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Fatemeh Maniei</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBA19EBFFFC9F47AB6797AF6FE54FA45" box="[338,503,1507,1534]" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="Museum">ZMH 141488</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D654FFFC9F47EB7967936FAD4FA5D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967936FEEDF986" blockId="8.[189,334,1572,1598]" box="[189,334,1572,1598]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0F081A8FFC9F47AB7967936FEEDF986" bold="true" box="[189,334,1572,1598]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC9F47AB7967936FEEDF986" bold="true" box="[189,334,1572,1598]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB7967941FE64F8F8" blockId="8.[188,1399,1619,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFC9F47AB7967941FE87F9D4" baselines="1638,1639" box="[189,292,1619,1645]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="General" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">GENERAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFC9F47AB600794BFE10F9D4" baselines="1639" box="[299,435,1625,1644]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="appearance" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">APPEARANCE</smallCapsWord>
. Body length of the 12 preserved animals:
<quantity id="4CFF9B21FFC9F47AB4877941FB8EF9D6" box="[940,1069,1619,1646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">10–24 mm</quantity>
. Live animals elongate with a soft body, the almost smooth mantle margin forming a wavy edge. Two colour variants observed: black mantle, with many white to yellow spots and with a pale red band around the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC9F47AB38F7988FAA1F90C" box="[1188,1282,1690,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,458,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-63@9.[189,1398,458,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. External appearance of live animals. A. Dorsal view of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855) with black mantle and yellow spots. B. Dendrodoris nigra with black mantle, white spots, and a thick distinct red submarginal band; inset shows ventral view. C. Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830) black form. D. Dendrodoris fumata red form. E. Dendrodoris fumata pale brown form. F. Dorsal view of Doriopsilla aroni sp. nov.; inset shows ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723219/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), or black mantle with white spots and a thick distinct red submarginal band around the notum margin and around foot margin, bordered by an outer yellow band (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC9F47AB5DF79F2FCF2F942" box="[756,849,1760,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,458,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-63@9.[189,1398,458,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. External appearance of live animals. A. Dorsal view of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855) with black mantle and yellow spots. B. Dendrodoris nigra with black mantle, white spots, and a thick distinct red submarginal band; inset shows ventral view. C. Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830) black form. D. Dendrodoris fumata red form. E. Dendrodoris fumata pale brown form. F. Dorsal view of Doriopsilla aroni sp. nov.; inset shows ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723219/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Rhinophores always black with a white apex and ca 12 lamellae on each clavus. Six pinnate gills present, arranged in a circle around the anus and curved inwards in life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC9F47AB796787AFD08F870" blockId="8.[188,1399,1896,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFC9F47AB796787AFE9AF838" baselines="1915,1915" box="[189,313,1896,1922]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Histology" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">HISTOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. One black specimen with a distinct red submarginal band (length of preserved animal
<quantity id="4CFF9B21FFC9F47AB7967899FEB2F81D" box="[189,273,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
) was examined histologically. The slide series is deposited in the histology collection of the LIB, Museum Koenig Bonn, without a number.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC8F47BB7967E1BFD13FE34" blockId="9.[189,1399,265,396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFC8F47BB7967E1BFEEBFE99" baselines="284,284" box="[189,328,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Integument" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">INTEGUMENT</smallCapsWord>
. Epidermis of the mantle composed of cuboidal cells with mucus cells interspersed; mucus cells with homogeneously stained purple or with dark purple grana (acid mucopolysaccharides) (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFC8F47BB7ED7E5DFE80FED1" box="[198,291,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Epithelium of hyponotum with cuboidal or flat cells and fewer glandular cells. Melanin grana lying subepidermal, distributed in patches.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF78664CFFC8F47BB7967853FC21F850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12723219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723219/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" startId="9.[189,232,1857,1883]" targetBox="[189,1397,458,1814]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFC8F47BB7967853FC21F850" blockId="9.[189,1399,1857,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB7967853FEA8F8E3" bold="true" box="[189,267,1857,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
External appearance of live animals.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB5ED7853FD78F8E3" bold="true" box="[710,731,1857,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB48B7853FAD5F8E4" authority="(W. Stimpson, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[928,1398,1857,1884]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB48B7853FBDFF8E3" box="[928,1148,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
(W. Stimpson, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
with black mantle and yellow spots.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB5597877FD27F8C7" bold="true" box="[626,644,1893,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB5BF7877FCD1F8C7" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[660,882,1893,1919]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB5BF7877FCD1F8C7" box="[660,882,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with black mantle, white spots, and a thick distinct red submarginal band; inset shows ventral view.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB475789AFCD1F81A" bold="true" box="[862,882,1928,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB4A9789AFEA1F87D" authority="(Ruppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fumata">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB4A9789AFBD3F81A" box="[898,1136,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Dendrodoris fumata</emphasis>
(Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830)
</taxonomicName>
black form.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB6BD78B9FE08F87D" bold="true" box="[406,427,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB69278B9FD05F87D" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[441,678,1963,1989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fumata">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB69278B9FD05F87D" box="[441,678,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Dendrodoris fumata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
red form.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB40A78B9FC96F87D" bold="true" box="[801,821,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB46878B9FB93F87D" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[835,1072,1963,1989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fumata">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB46878B9FB93F87D" box="[835,1072,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Dendrodoris fumata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pale brown form.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB22378B9FAB9F87D" bold="true" box="[1288,1306,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">F</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFC8F47BB63678DCFE49F850" authorityName="Maniei &amp; Wägele" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,490,1998,2024]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Doriopsilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aroni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFC8F47BB63678DCFE49F850" box="[285,490,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="188">Doriopsilla aroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24057ADFFC8F47BB6D978DDFDECF851" box="[498,591,1999,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; inset shows ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCBF47EB7967E1BFC66FE6B" blockId="10.[189,1399,265,467]" lastBlockId="12.[188,1399,265,467]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCBF478B7967E1BFE8CFE99" baselines="284,284" box="[189,303,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Digestive" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">DIGESTIVE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCBF478B6177E1CFE2DFE99" baselines="284" box="[316,398,270,289]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="system" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">SYSTEM</smallCapsWord>
. Mouth area surrounded by a thick violet stained glandular layer containing high columnar cells. Oral tube with cuboidal to columnar cells, interspersed with reddish stained glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCBF478B62C7E5DFEC7FED1" box="[263,356,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). A paired ptyalin gland present with separate ducts leading into one central muscular duct finally opening dorsally into the oral tube, close to the transition into the pharynx; cells of ptyalin gland with pyknotic nuclei and no visible contents, thus creating a spongy appearance. Ducts inside the gland composed of glandular cells with pale bluish stained grana. Labial disc with reddish staining subepithelial glandular cells, and without cuticle (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCAF479B5D57E1BFCFBFE9B" box="[766,856,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). The pharynx with a triangular-shaped lumen. Epithelium consisting of cuboidal to elongate cells, covered at least in the proximal part of pharynx by a very thin cuticle. Glandular cells absent. Two muscular layers surrounding the pharyngeal epithelium; the inner one with fibres oriented transversely, which enlarge the lumen when contracted; the outer layer with fibres arranged circularly, which serve to reduce the lumen of the pharynx, and lengthen it (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCAF479B7ED7EABFE83FE6B" box="[198,288,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Salivary glands small, with small spherical cells filled with pale bluish stained grana and large nuclei (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCAF479B6387ECEFECDFE4E" box="[275,366,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Oesophagus thicker in the cross section than the pharynx. Epithelium of the oesophagus highly folded, consisting of high columnar glandular cells staining light to dark violet (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCAF479B3CF7EEDFAE7FDA1" box="[1252,1348,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). In some areas these cells with granular, in others with homogeneously stained contents. Ciliated cells interspersed. Stomach sac-like and fully embedded within digestive gland, with folded epithelium; cells elongate and ciliate (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB6867E5DFDA9FED1" box="[429,522,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Digestive gland lobulated or folded on dorsal side, with gonad and kidney lying in these folds. Intestine arising from the embedded stomach; its folded epithelium surrounded by an inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer. Epithelial cells of the intestine elongate, ciliated, and non-glandular (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB68F7EABFE5CFE6B" box="[420,511,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). No caecum and typhlosole observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF78664CFFCBF478B79579E9FDFFF850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="189" startId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" targetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCBF478B79579E9FDFFF850" blockId="10.[189,1400,1787,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B79579E9FEACF8AD" bold="true" box="[190,271,1787,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFCBF478B796780CFD02F881" authority="(W. Stimpson, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[189,673,1822,1849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B796780CFE38F880" box="[189,411,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
(W. Stimpson, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B585780CFD62F880" bold="true" box="[686,705,1822,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">A</emphasis>
. Mantle.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B41C780CFCEAF880" bold="true" box="[823,841,1822,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">B</emphasis>
. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B54B7853FDD7F8E3" bold="true" box="[608,628,1857,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">C</emphasis>
. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B7967877FF71F8C7" bold="true" box="[189,210,1893,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">D</emphasis>
. Stomach with folded wall (arrow).
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B5B97877FD05F8C7" bold="true" box="[658,678,1893,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">E</emphasis>
. Intestine.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCBF478B4057877FCE3F8C7" bold="true" box="[814,832,1893,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="189">F</emphasis>
. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF78664CFFCAF479B7967850FD96F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="190" startId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" targetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCAF479B7967850FD96F851" blockId="11.[188,1399,1858,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B7967850FEAFF8E4" bold="true" box="[189,268,1858,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D47FFCAF479B7957877FD00F838" authority="(W. Stimpson, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="W. Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[190,675,1893,1920]" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="190" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B7957877FE3EF8C7" box="[190,413,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">Dendrodoris nigra</emphasis>
(W. Stimpson, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B59A7877FD65F8C7" bold="true" box="[689,710,1893,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">A</emphasis>
. Prostate gland.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B4BF7877FC0BF8C7" bold="true" box="[916,936,1893,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">B</emphasis>
. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows).
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B647789AFE22F81A" bold="true" box="[364,385,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">C</emphasis>
. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B4EC789AFC7FF81A" bold="true" box="[967,988,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">D</emphasis>
. Blood gland.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B3A3789AFB3FF81A" bold="true" box="[1160,1180,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">E</emphasis>
. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad.
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCAF479B6B978BEFE07F87E" bold="true" box="[402,420,1964,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="190">F</emphasis>
. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967EE9FB0DFC03" blockId="12.[188,1399,506,955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB7967EE9FEC2FDAB" baselines="526,526" box="[189,353,507,533]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Reproductive" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">REPRODUCTIVE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB65B7D12FE61FDAB" baselines="526" box="[368,450,512,531]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="system" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">SYSTEM</smallCapsWord>
. A general outline of the reproductive system is given in
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB39A7EE8FAB5FDAD" box="[1201,1302,506,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[187,230,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,1235,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-341@13.[189,1398,1235,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic outline of genital system of species of Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831. A. D. nigra (W. Stimpson 1855). B. D. fumata (Rüppell &amp; Leuckart, 1830). Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; Bc = Bursa copulatrix; Gn = Gonad; P = Penis; Pr = Prostate gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis; Va = Vaginal duct; Vgl =Vestibular gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723225/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
. Gonad forming thick layer on dorsal side above the digestive gland, composed of separate areas of oocyte and spermatocyte production. Sausage-shaped ampulla filled with autosperm. Epithelium of ampulla formed by cuboidal cells (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB6BF7D76FE4DFDC6" box="[404,494,612,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Prostatic part of vas deferens with subepithelial glandular layer, gland cells with pale bluish stained grana (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB50E7D95FD20FD19" box="[549,643,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Penis very long, without cuticle, but with spines. Receptaculum seminis surrounded by muscle layer; sperm heads oriented or attached to the rather flat epithelial cells (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB7ED7DDCFE86FD50" box="[198,293,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Bursa copulatrix filled with degrading sperm, prostatic material and few eggs; epithelium partly composed of apocrine secreting cells. Bursa connecting to short distal vaginal duct, the latter opening in a common vestibulum with vas deferens. Nidamental glands already large despite the small size of the animal, consisting of three areas, staining in different shades from red to bluish and dark violet. Vestibular gland large, partly lying in the body cavity, partly in the lateral body tissue (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB2207C48FACBFCCD" box="[1291,1384,858,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,538,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-116@10.[189,1398,538,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Histological cross sections of epidermis, digestive system, and part of the genital system of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Mantle. B. Head area with parts of the digestive system; the oral tube is marked with a star. C. Section behind the head region with parts of the genital system. D. Stomach with folded wall (arrow). E. Intestine. F. Ampulla. Abbreviations: Am = Ampulla; E = Empty unicellular gland; Ep = Epithelium; G = glandular vesicle with mucopolysaccharides (stained violet); LD = Labial disc; Oe = Oesophagus; Ph = Pharynx; Sgl = Salivary gland; Vgl = Vestibular gland; Rs = Receptaculum seminis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); connecting to distal oviduct. Its heavily folded epithelium consisting of small, dark blue stained cells with a thick layer of microvilli in which symbiotic bacteria appear to reside (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB36F7CB3FB03FC03" box="[1092,1184,929,955]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967CF1FD83FB98" blockId="12.[189,1399,994,1056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB7967CF1FE80FC43" baselines="1014,1014" box="[189,291,995,1021]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Nervous" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">NERVOUS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB6057CFAFE23FC43" baselines="1014" box="[302,384,1000,1019]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="system" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">SYSTEM</smallCapsWord>
. Cerebropleural complex at the transition of pharynx into the oesophagus. Statocyst with many otoconia (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB69D7B17FDB0FB98" box="[438,531,1029,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967B55FD37FB3C" blockId="12.[189,1399,1095,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB7967B55FEF0FBE7" baselines="1114,1114" box="[189,339,1095,1121]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Circulatory" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">CIRCULATORY</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB6717B5EFE0FFBE7" baselines="1114" box="[346,428,1100,1119]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="system" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">SYSTEM</smallCapsWord>
. Ventricle very muscular. Blood gland close to cerebropleural complex, containing small, dark blue, stained cells (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB5037B78FD24FB3C" box="[552,647,1130,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967BBEFD08FAB4" blockId="12.[189,1399,1195,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB7967BBEFE9EFB7C" baselines="1215,1215" box="[189,317,1196,1222]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Excretory" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">EXCRETORY</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA018FFCDF47EB66E7BA3FE34FB7C" baselines="1215" box="[325,407,1201,1220]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="system" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">SYSTEM</smallCapsWord>
. Kidney lying intermingled between gonad and digestive gland; with large cuboidal cells with no stained contents (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB5177BDDFD3FFB51" box="[572,668,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Syrinx very large, forming bulb-like structure with highly folded epithelium and long cilia (
<figureCitation id="133C2A41FFCDF47EB56F7BE0FD3DFAB4" box="[580,670,1266,1292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-138@11.[189,1398,607,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Histological cross sections of sensory organs and genital, circulatory, and excretory systems of Dendrodoris nigra (W. Stimpson, 1855). A. Prostate gland. B. Vestibular gland with high microvilli edge (arrows). C. Statocyst with several otoconia (arrow) and eye. D. Blood gland. E. Kidney, digestive gland, and gonad. F. Syrinx; note the highly folded interior. Abbreviations: Dgl = Digestive gland; Ey = Eye; Go = Gonad; Ki = Kidney;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12723223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12723223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967A21FE0DFAF5" blockId="12.[189,430,1331,1357]" box="[189,430,1331,1357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="D0F081A8FFCDF47EB7967A21FE0DFAF5" bold="true" box="[189,430,1331,1357]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973EAD6FFCDF47EB7967A21FE0DFAF5" bold="true" box="[189,430,1331,1357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Additional features</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836C4FFCDF47EB7967A70FAD4FA5D" blockId="12.[189,1401,1378,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="191">Body cavity surrounded by a very thick muscle layer, especially in the hind part of the body. A large retractor muscle originating close to the gills, dividing into two main muscles leading ventrally towards the anterior part, finally fusing with a strong ventral muscle layer in the anterior body. Small gill glands with pale bluish cytoplasm and large nuclei present at the base of the gills, opening into the gill pocket.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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