438 lines
64 KiB
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438 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="2D8DF408CC2E941FE8FB41E0303430B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="199060" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5213.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c73ab242-8a3e-4f76-81b4-fd9eada9f0e7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381670" ID-ZooBank="449781B5-94E0-4B6C-9F6B-D0711FC08BB2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669810183154" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Allsopp, Peter G." docDate="2022" docId="03AE87B9FFA68269FF67744816FEF8BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5213.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5213 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melolonthini" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="FF97FFC1FFB0827EFFF0714A1538FFF7" masterDocTitle="Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): reclassification of eight species to Antitrogus Burmeister, 1855 and Barryfilius new genus" masterLastPageNumber="545" masterPageNumber="513" pageNumber="535" updateTime="1699412597972" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8F6E124F413E53C5B5B7E13A6B5D29C0">Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): reclassification of eight species to Antitrogus Burmeister, 1855 and Barryfilius new genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B3D5AB7E73839F63711700E2A354A22">Allsopp, Peter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D8200605A09499C155C258F218FB967C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4BEC506A5D1A9791B637A41332FCC325">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A3FF88320AB0B4EFDD5C94D79C425730">
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<mods:date id="0F06A2160C4ED067F92FA3C008AA3516">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D4E43EA333A9B9A95795BE2453B4D55">2022-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15D1032720D9361DDB43A6FA2E735A75">5213</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="FB607B451DB24812E94A8295070FDBBC" type="CLB-Dataset">199060</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F7B81A7BA1DA8A89B82E8E9F61D3C4C9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5213.5.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AE87B9FFA68269FF67744816FEF8BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205354383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87B9FFA68269FF67744816FEF8BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87B9FFA68269FF67744816FEF8BA" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
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<subSubSection id="C31D6524FFA68268FF677448160AF996" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA68268FF67744817CEFAEB" blockId="22.[151,758,1282,1309]" box="[151,758,1282,1309]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
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<heading id="D0F081C3FFA68268FF67744817CEFAEB" bold="true" box="[151,758,1282,1309]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FF67744817CEFAEB" bold="true" box="[151,758,1282,1309]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FF6774481402FAEB" ID-CoL="KZC" baseAuthorityName="sensu Britton" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[151,314,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FE9A74481733FAEB" baseAuthorityName="sensu Britton" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[362,523,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
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and Leucophilini?
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA68268FF677401160AF996" blockId="22.[151,1437,1354,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
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A conventional classification of the Australian
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FD517400167CFA93" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[673,836,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FCA2740016DDFA92" author="Britton, E. B." box="[850,997,1354,1381]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref32176" refString="Britton, E. B. (1957) A Revision of the Australian Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, 185 pp." type="book" year="1957">Britton 1957</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FC1F74011112FA92" author="Britton, E. B." box="[1007,1066,1355,1381]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FBC574011148FA92" author="Britton, E. B." box="[1077,1136,1355,1381]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="159 - 195" refId="ref32441" refString="Britton, E. B. (1990) A synopsis of the Australian genera of Liparetrini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 4, 159 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9900159" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
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; Cassis & Weir 1992;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FA977400142AFA7E" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1819" refId="ref34705" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
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Weir
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FF67742515E8FA7F" box="[151,208,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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; this paper) (
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FE557424162EFA7E" authority="sensu Britton 1978" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[421,790,1390,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Melolonthini
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FDB174251747FA7F" box="[577,639,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FD767424162EFA7E" author="Britton, E. B." box="[646,790,1390,1417]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) places a group of 17 genera and 123 species, dominated by
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FF4E74D814F8FA5A" authority="Kirby, 1828" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1828" box="[190,448,1426,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FF4E74D81411FA5B" box="[190,297,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Lepidiota</emphasis>
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Kirby, 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FE3F74D9162FFA5A" authority="Burmeister, 1855" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[463,791,1426,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Antitrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FE3F74D9177CFA5A" box="[463,580,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Antitrogus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FDBF74D8162FFA5A" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[591,791,1426,1453]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref32547" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1855) Handbuch der Entomologie. Vierter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Fortsetzung. Zweite Abtheilung. Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga chaenochela. T. C. F. Enslin, Berlin, x + 569 pp." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FCA974D81140FA5A" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[857,1144,1426,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Rhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FCA974D81685FA5B" box="[857,957,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Rhopaea</emphasis>
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Erichson, 1847
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</taxonomicName>
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, in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FB2474D81051FA5B" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[1236,1385,1426,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
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, but without reference to any subtribes.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FDDA74FC17CDFA26" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[554,757,1462,1489]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1819" refId="ref34705" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
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Weir
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FD9874FD179AFA27" box="[616,674,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019)
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</bibRefCitation>
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characterised the tribe from other Australian melolonthines by: metatibiae with two spurs placed below the tarsal articulation; tarsal claws almost always with a tooth on the concave side; labrum separate from the clypeus and located below it; antennae with 9 or 10 antennomeres and with a 3–8 lamellate club; body surface not metallic. The group contains some economically important species as pests of pastures and crops, especially sugarcane (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FD78770C161EF996" author="Allsopp, P. G." box="[648,806,1606,1633]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="329 - 349" refId="ref30968" refString="Allsopp, P. G. (2010) Integrated management of sugarcane whitegrubs in Australia: an evolving success. Annual Review of Entomology, 55, 329 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-ento- 112408 - 085406" type="journal article" year="2010">Allsopp 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31D6524FFA68269FF377721169DFCAA" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA68268FF3777211643F8AA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1354,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
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However, the monophyly of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FDCC772017E7F973" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[572,735,1642,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
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and the status of its tribes and subtribes has been questioned (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FF6F77C41400F95F" author="Ahrens, D." box="[159,312,1678,1704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="113 - 144" refId="ref30469" refString="Ahrens, D. (2006) The phylogeny of Sericini and their position within the Scarabaeidae based on morphological characters (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology, 31, 113 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2005.00307. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Ahrens 2006</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FEB777C4173FF95E" author="Coca-Abia, M. M." box="[327,519,1678,1705]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="447 - 472" refId="ref32696" refString="Coca-Abia, M. M. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Melolonthinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 38, 447 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631207794760921" type="journal article" year="2007">Coca-Abia 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), especially with the advent of DNA technologies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FB9177C4100BF95F" author="Smith, A. B. T. & Hawks, D. C. & Heraty, J. M." box="[1121,1331,1678,1704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="35 - 46" refId="ref34424" refString="Smith, A. B. T., Hawks, D. C. & Heraty, J. M. (2006) An overview of the classification and evolution of the major scarab beetle clades (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) based on preliminary molecular analyses. Coleopterists Society Monographs, 5, 35 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X (2006) 60 [35: AOOTCA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Smith
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FB4077C511D5F95F" box="[1200,1261,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
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2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FAB277C5141CF93A" author="Song, N. & Zhang, H." pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref34539" refString="Song, N. & Zhang, H. (2018) The mitochondrial genomes of phytophagous scarab beetles and systematic implications. Journal of Insect Science, 18 (6), 11. [11 pp.] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jisesa / iey 076" type="book" year="2018">Song & Zhang 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FEC177F814C1F93A" author="Ayivi, S. P. G. & Tong, Y. & Storey, K. B. & Yu, D. - N. & Zhang, J. - Y." box="[305,505,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1025" refId="ref31549" refString="Ayivi, S. P. G., Tong, Y., Storey, K. B., Yu, D. - N. & Zhang, J. - Y. (2021) The mitochondrial genomes of 18 new Pleurosticti (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) exhibit a novel trnQ-NCR-trnI-trnM gene rearrangement and clarify phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies within Scarabaeidae. Insects, 12, 1025. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 12111025" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Ayivi
|
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<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FE8877F9148CF93B" box="[376,436,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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). A radical alternative classification has been that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FB9377F81026F93A" author="Lacroix, M." box="[1123,1310,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref33634" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 a) Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 5. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix (2021a)</bibRefCitation>
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. He, albeit with little commentary, split the subfamily in four and elevated these to family level (Hopliidae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FB02779C10A0F907" authorityName="Samouelle" authorityYear="1819" box="[1266,1432,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Melolonthidae</taxonomicName>
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, Sericidae, Chasmatopteridae), whilst elevating previous tribes and subtribes to subfamily or tribe status. Other alternative classifications have seen subtribes of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FD1B76541645F8CF" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[747,893,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
|
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(Smith 2006;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FBD276541029F8CE" author="Bouchard, P. & Bousquet, Y. & Davies, A. E. & Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Newton, A. F. & Reid, C. A. M. & Schmitt, M. & Slipinski, S. A. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[1058,1297,1822,1849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 972" refId="ref31976" refString="Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A. E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lyal, C. H. C., Newton, A. F., Reid, C. A. M., Schmitt, M., Slipinski, S. A. & Smith, A. B. T. (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys, 88, 1 - 972. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 88.807" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Bouchard
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FB67765511E8F8CF" box="[1175,1232,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) elevated to tribes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FF1476081447F8AA" author="Lacroix, M." box="[228,383,1858,1885]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref33596" refString="Lacroix, M. (2010) Melolonthinae afrotropicaux (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et Catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons. Vol. 2. Editions Marc Lacroix, Romans sur Isere, 468 pp." type="book" year="2010">Lacroix 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FE7A760814ECF8AB" author="Lacroix, M." box="[394,468,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FE2F7608174EF8AB" author="Bezdek, A." box="[479,630,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1819" refId="ref31793" refString="Bezdek, A. (2016) Tribe Leucopholini Burmeister, 1855, Tribe Melolonthini Macleay, 1819. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden, pp. 224 - 236." type="book chapter" year="2016">Bezděk 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FD7076091657F8AA" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[640,879,1858,1885]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="51 - 77" refId="ref32890" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2020) On the tribal classification of the Nearctic Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with descriptions of new species of Acoma Casey, 1889. Zootaxa, 4748 (1), 51 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.1.3" type="journal article" year="2020">Evans & Smith 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA68269FF37762C11AAFEEA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1354,2029]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FF37762C144AF876" author="Lacroix, M." box="[199,370,1894,1921]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref33596" refString="Lacroix, M. (2010) Melolonthinae afrotropicaux (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et Catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons. Vol. 2. Editions Marc Lacroix, Romans sur Isere, 468 pp." type="book" year="2010">Lacroix (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved some of the African genera formerly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FC65762C111FF877" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[917,1063,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melolonthini">Melolonthini</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Leucophilini, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FAB8762C15DAF853" author="Bezdek, A." pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1819" refId="ref31793" refString="Bezdek, A. (2016) Tribe Leucopholini Burmeister, 1855, Tribe Melolonthini Macleay, 1819. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden, pp. 224 - 236." type="book chapter" year="2016">Bezděk (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed this for the Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FDBC76C0162DF853" box="[588,789,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FDBC76C0178FF853" box="[588,695,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FC7876C01105F853" author="Lacroix, M." box="[904,1085,1930,1956]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FAC176C015D3F83F" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FAC176C010A4F853" box="[1329,1436,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FF0876E41716F83E" authority="Britton, 1978" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[248,558,1966,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Holorhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FF0876E414B5F83F" box="[248,397,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Holorhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FE6676E41716F83E" author="Britton, E. B." box="[406,558,1966,1993]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FD0476E41116F83E" authority="Britton, 1978" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[756,1070,1966,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Nanorhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FD0476E416B5F83F" box="[756,909,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Nanorhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FC6776E41116F83E" author="Britton, E. B." box="[919,1070,1966,1993]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species) in the Leucophilini, with the other Australian genera (presumably including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA68268FCD47698111FF81A" authority="Allsopp, 2018" authorityName="Allsopp" authorityYear="2018" box="[804,1063,2002,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Alepida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA68268FCD476981643F81B" box="[804,891,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="535">Alepida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA68268FC747698111FF81A" author="Allsopp, P. G." box="[900,1063,2002,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="535" pagination="441 - 464" refId="ref31013" refString="Allsopp, P. G. (2018) Alepida, a new genus for seven Australian species attributed to Lepidiota Kirby, 1828 and one new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini). Australian Entomologist, 45, 441 - 464." type="journal article" year="2018">Allsopp, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Fijian-Solomon Islands
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FF6771DD1483FF46" authority="Britton, 1978" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,443,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Xenotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FF6771DD142FFF47" box="[151,279,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Xenotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FED171DD1483FF46" author="Britton, E. B." box="[289,443,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) remaining in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD6671DD11ECFF46" authority="(Melolonthini sensu Lacroix 2021 b)" baseAuthorityName="Melolonthini sensu Lacroix" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[662,1236,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini (Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC2871DD112EFF47" box="[984,1046,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FBD071DD11F4FF46" author="Lacroix, M." box="[1056,1228,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FB1271DD10A4FF46" author="Lacroix, M." box="[1250,1436,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterised the Leucophilini as having antennal clubs of three lamellae that are similar in both sexes and large metepisterna, whilst the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FE5E7195160EFF0E" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" box="[430,822,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FDB9719517BFFF0F" box="[585,647,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FD607195160EFF0E" author="Lacroix, M." box="[656,822,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have antennal clubs of more than three lamellae with pronounced sexual dimorphism and the dorsal surface of the body with scales and/or setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA78269FF37706D15CDFD5E" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FEB2706D173DFEB6" box="[322,517,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FEB2706D1495FEB6" box="[322,429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as restricted with the removal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FC70706D11E7FEB6" box="[896,1247,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC70706D16EFFEB6" box="[896,983,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Alepida</emphasis>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FBCC706D11EFFEB6" author="Allsopp, P. G." box="[1084,1239,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="441 - 464" refId="ref31013" refString="Allsopp, P. G. (2018) Alepida, a new genus for seven Australian species attributed to Lepidiota Kirby, 1828 and one new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini). Australian Entomologist, 45, 441 - 464." type="journal article" year="2018">Allsopp 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those earlier in this paper) are obviously different from other Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FCB870011185FE92" authority="sensu Britton 1978" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[840,1213,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC147001111AFE93" box="[996,1058,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FBDC70011185FE92" author="Britton, E. B." box="[1068,1213,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FB3E700110A4FE92" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[1230,1436,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1819" refId="ref34705" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FAFD70011070FE92" box="[1293,1352,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed this clearly in their key to genera, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD3370251616FE7E" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1828" box="[707,814,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FD3370251616FE7E" box="[707,814,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated from other genera in couplet 1. Prominent identifiers are a combination of: dorsal surface with small, white scales contained or nearly contained within their punctures, without longer white or brown, adpressed or erect setae; antennal club of three lamellae with no obvious sexual dimorphism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FE8B7091171AFE02" author="Allsopp, P. G." box="[379,546,475,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="261 - 266" refId="ref30620" refString="Allsopp, P. G. (1990 b) Sexual dimorphism in the adult antennae of Antitrogus parvulus Britton and Lepidiota negatoria Blackburn (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 261 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00360. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Allsopp 1990b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gives an example); females often found in collections and adults may feed; and males of most species with parameres asymmetrical and often bizarrely shaped (see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FB3470B5106FFDEE" author="Britton, E. B." box="[1220,1367,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This was reinforced in a cladistic analysis of a sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD177369116EFDCA" authority="sensu Britton 1978" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[743,1110,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC7173691687FDCB" box="[897,959,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FC377369116EFDCA" author="Britton, E. B." box="[967,1110,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FB0173691060FDCA" box="[1265,1368,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
using adult and larval morphological and ecological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FCE8730D1101FD96" author="Allsopp, P. G. & Lambkin, C. L." box="[792,1081,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="55 - 66" refId="ref31163" refString="Allsopp, P. G. & Lambkin, C. L. (2006) Canegrubs and cladistics: what story do adult, larval and ecological characters tell? Australian Journal of Entomology, 45, 55 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2006.00511. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Allsopp & Lambkin 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) where the 10
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB2A730D10A4FD96" box="[1242,1436,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FB2A730D107DFD96" box="[1242,1349,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were considered formed a clade separate from species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FCBE732116FBFD72" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[846,963,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Antitrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FCBE732116FBFD72" box="[846,963,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Antitrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FC227321110EFD72" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[978,1078,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Rhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC227321110EFD72" box="[978,1078,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Rhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FBB473211054FD72" authority="Arrow, 1941" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1941" box="[1092,1388,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Dermolepida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FBB4732111E0FD72" box="[1092,1240,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Dermolepida</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow, 1941
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FF6773C515D6FD5E" authorityName="Allsopp" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,238,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Alepida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FF6773C515D6FD5E" box="[151,238,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Alepida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA78269FF3773F9169DFCAA" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
The genera assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FE2A73F9165CFD3A" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" box="[474,868,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FD8673F9178CFD3B" box="[630,692,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FD4E73F9165CFD3A" author="Lacroix, M." box="[702,868,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have: setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A2AFFA78269FC0E73F9115DFD3A" box="[1022,1125,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="1.[151,264,859,883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,836]" captionTargetId="figure-82@1.[151,1436,309,836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Setal and scale types on pronota of Australian Melolonthini. 1, White, rounded scales, contained within the puncture—Lepidiota podicalis Moser, 1913; 2, white, elongate setae, largely contained within the puncture—Hypolepida wilsoni Britton, 1978; 3, white, elongate setae, longer than the puncture—Antitrogus ciliatus (Britton, 1978); 4, mixture of long setae and white, flattened setae—Allothnonius barretti Britton, 1978; 5, long thin, yellow-brown setae—Rhopaea decipennis Lea, 1919; 6, recumbent, flattened, tapered, finely pointed setae—Holorhopaea sagata Britton, 1978. Figs. 1, 5 by SAM; Figs. 2–4 by Queensland Museum; Fig. 6 reproduced from Weir et al. (2019) (CSIRO, used with permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381672/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Figs 2–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A2AFFA78269FB8473F91185FD3A" box="[1140,1213,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–18" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[151,1436,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 14–18. Adult males of Barryfilius species, dorsal views. 14, Barryfilius contiguus (Britton, 1978); 15, B. laevis (Arrow, 1932); 16, B. lewisae (Britton, 1978); 17, B. quinarius (Britton, 1978); 18, B. vernus (Britton, 1978). Photographs by Greg Daniels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381682/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">14–18</figureCitation>
|
||
), not scales, on the dorsal surface; antennal clubs with 3–8 lamellae and, where known, females have much smaller clubs than males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FF6F73B1140DFCE2" author="Britton, E. B." box="[159,309,763,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 150;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FE5D73B11761FCE2" author="Allsopp, P. G." box="[429,601,763,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="261 - 266" refId="ref30620" refString="Allsopp, P. G. (1990 b) Sexual dimorphism in the adult antennae of Antitrogus parvulus Britton and Lepidiota negatoria Blackburn (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 261 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00360. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Allsopp 1990b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); females of most species are rare in collections, probably fly little after emergence and are not attracted to light, and adults of both sexes do not feed (the exception are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FAF8725515D5FCAA" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FAF8725510A4FCCE" box="[1288,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Dermolepida</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and males have parameres that are symmetrical or nearly so.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6524FFA78269FF37722D16FEF8BA" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA78269FF37722D1049FB8A" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FF37722D14AAFC76" author="Lacroix, M." box="[199,402,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix’s (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FDC6722D17F7FC76" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[566,719,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Nanorhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FDC6722D17F7FC76" box="[566,719,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Nanorhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FCF9722D16A6FC76" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1978" box="[777,926,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Holorhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FCF9722D16A6FC76" box="[777,926,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Holorhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Leucophilini is problematic. Males of the two species have antennal clubs of three lamellae, as do
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FCDA72C116D4FC52" box="[810,1004,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FCDA72C116ADFC52" box="[810,917,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB9972C115D9FC3E" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FAF172C11007FC53" box="[1281,1343,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FAB572C115D9FC3E" author="Lacroix, M." pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but they are of medium length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FDA072E51630FC3E" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[592,776,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1819" refId="ref34705" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FD7E72E517FEFC3E" box="[654,710,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 142). Females are not known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FB7F72E5101BFC3E" author="Britton, E. B." box="[1167,1315,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so sexual dimorphism in the antennae cannot be assessed. The dorsal surface of males does not have the small, white scales characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FEA072BD1483FBE6" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1828" box="[336,443,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FEA072BD1483FBE6" box="[336,443,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but have either recumbent, tapered, finely pointed setae or long, semierect setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FABB72BD15EBFBC2" author="Britton, E. B." pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 270A–B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FE8675511714FBC2" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[374,556,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1819" refId="ref34705" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 467 - 507." type="book chapter" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FE43755114D2FBC2" box="[435,490,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335068FFA78269FD9E75511786FBC2" box="[622,702,1051,1077]" degrees="31.142" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" precision="55" value="31.142">31.142</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335068FFA78269FD3875501621FBC2" box="[712,793,1050,1077]" degrees="31.145" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" precision="55" value="31.145">31.145</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A2AFFA78269FCD47551165EFBC2" box="[804,870,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="1.[151,264,859,883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,836]" captionTargetId="figure-82@1.[151,1436,309,836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Setal and scale types on pronota of Australian Melolonthini. 1, White, rounded scales, contained within the puncture—Lepidiota podicalis Moser, 1913; 2, white, elongate setae, largely contained within the puncture—Hypolepida wilsoni Britton, 1978; 3, white, elongate setae, longer than the puncture—Antitrogus ciliatus (Britton, 1978); 4, mixture of long setae and white, flattened setae—Allothnonius barretti Britton, 1978; 5, long thin, yellow-brown setae—Rhopaea decipennis Lea, 1919; 6, recumbent, flattened, tapered, finely pointed setae—Holorhopaea sagata Britton, 1978. Figs. 1, 5 by SAM; Figs. 2–4 by Queensland Museum; Fig. 6 reproduced from Weir et al. (2019) (CSIRO, used with permission)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381672/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aedeagi of the two species have symmetrical parameres (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FEEC7575148CFBAE" author="Britton, E. B." box="[284,436,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 15–19), unlike the often-asymmetrical parameres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FBAF75751016FBAE" box="[1119,1326,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FBAF757511F2FBAE" box="[1119,1226,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
All three characters point to a closer relationship with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD4875291102FB8A" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" box="[696,1082,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FCA1752916B7FB8B" box="[849,911,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FC6675291102FB8A" author="Lacroix, M." box="[918,1082,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than with the Leucophilini.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA78269FF3775CD143AF9FE" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FF3775CD1444FB56" author="Lacroix, M." box="[199,380,1159,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought that both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD9B75CD1638FB56" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1955" box="[619,768,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leucopholini">Leucopholini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FCAC75CD11E2FB56" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" box="[860,1242,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FC0375CD1109FB57" box="[1011,1073,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FBC775CD11E2FB56" author="Lacroix, M." box="[1079,1242,1159,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entered
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FAC675CD10A5FB56" box="[1334,1437,1159,1185]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
from the north from the Pliocene onwards. He considered the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FC9075E116CDFB32" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1955" box="[864,1013,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leucopholini">Leucopholini</taxonomicName>
|
||
a fairly recent group, forming in the Ethiopian-Malagasy-Indian block, before the complete separation of these three blocks but after the separation of the South America-Antarctic-Australia blocks. From there they disseminated to West Africa and east to as far as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FF47745D1426FAC6" box="[183,286,1303,1329]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FEAB745D1724FAC6" box="[347,540,1303,1329]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, crossing Wallace’s Line.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FCBD745D113FFAC6" author="Lacroix, M." box="[845,1031,1303,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB31745D1476FAA2" authority="sensu Lacroix 2021 b a" authorityName="sensu Lacroix" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FAAE745D10A4FAC7" box="[1374,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FF6774711476FAA2" author="Lacroix, M." box="[151,334,1339,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Lacroix 2021b a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recent group appearing in north-eastern and southern Palaearctic regions after the separation of all blocks. Diffusion then occurred to give a current distribution in North America, Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions, with few in the Afrotropical Region and absent from the southern Neotropical region and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FAE074C910A1FA6A" box="[1296,1433,1411,1437]" name="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. My hypothesis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FEA174ED14C8FA36" authority="Allsopp, 2022" authorityName="Allsopp" authorityYear="2022" box="[337,496,1446,1473]" genus="Allsopp" pageId="23" pageNumber="539" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Allsopp 1995</taxonomicName>
|
||
), based on patterns of distribution of the Australian species, is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB0F74ED1052FA36" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1828" box="[1279,1386,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Lepidiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FB0F74ED1052FA36" box="[1279,1386,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a post-Pliocene invader from the north, whilst the remaining genera, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FBE474811140FA12" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1044,1144,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Rhopaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FBE474811140FA12" box="[1044,1144,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Rhopaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB427481101FFA12" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1202,1319,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Antitrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FB427481101FFA12" box="[1202,1319,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Antitrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are older elements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836AFFFA78269FF37775916FEF8BA" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FEC9775914D4F9DA" author="Lacroix, M." box="[313,492,1555,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33596" refString="Lacroix, M. (2010) Melolonthinae afrotropicaux (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). Genera et Catalogue commente. Collection Hannetons. Vol. 2. Editions Marc Lacroix, Romans sur Isere, 468 pp." type="book" year="2010">Lacroix’s (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FE0577591705F9DA" author="Lacroix, M." box="[501,573,1555,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33634" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 a) Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 5. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FDB6775917B5F9DA" author="Lacroix, M." box="[582,653,1555,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" refId="ref33666" refString="Lacroix, M. (2021 b) Combien de Melolonthinae. Available from: http: // hannetons. free. fr / page 20. html (accessed 7 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) split is far from being accepted. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB82775915F7F9A6" authority="sensu Britton 1978" authorityName="sensu Britton" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Melolonthini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Melolonthini
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FAF97759107FF9DB" box="[1289,1351,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FABD775915F7F9A6" author="Britton, E. B." pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FF2E777D1488F9A6" author="Matsumoto, T." box="[222,432,1591,1617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="239 - 247" refId="ref33802" refString="Matsumoto, T. (2010) Taxonomic study on the genus Psilopholis Brenske (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Melolonthini) with consideration of divisions of the subtribe Melolonthina. Elytra, 38, 239 - 247." type="journal article" year="2010">Matsumoto (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
analysed the characters of 25 Palaearctic and Oriental species from the two lineages and found it impossible to assign all the genera to either of the lineages.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FC517711115BF982" author="Prokofiev, A. M." box="[929,1123,1627,1653]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="68 - 74" refId="ref34183" refString="Prokofiev, A. M. (2016) New genera and species of the Papuan Leucopholini and Melolonthini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 15, 68 - 74." type="journal article" year="2016">Prokofiev (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out inconsistencies in the number of lamellae in antennal clubs among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FD0677351685F96E" box="[758,957,1663,1689]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FD0677351659F96E" box="[758,865,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Lepidiota</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FBB8773511A1F96E" box="[1096,1177,1663,1689]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310763FFFA78269FB26773510A0F96E" box="[1238,1432,1663,1689]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as in the presence/absence of scales and in the placement of genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FB9077E910A0F94A" authority="Dalla Torre, 1912" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1912" box="[1120,1432,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Engertia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EABDFFA78269FB9077E911FAF94B" box="[1120,1218,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="536">Engertia</emphasis>
|
||
Dalla Torre, 1912
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He commented that perhaps
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B5EFFA78269FE10778D17BBF916" author="Britton, E. B." box="[480,643,1735,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="536" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref32215" refString="Britton, E. B. (1978) A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 60, 1 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 060" type="journal article" year="1978">Britton (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was correct in considering representatives of both groups as a single tribe. Obviously, there is a strong need for a comprehensive analysis of status and defining characters of tribes and subtribes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D2CFFA78269FEBD764514C8F8DE" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[333,496,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
across all regions, and DNA analysis might give useful characters This would then give insights into the past biogeography and dissemination of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |