treatments-xml/data/F6/20/87/F62087EEFFB6FF8293B2F9D3FBBF1EF3.xml

<document id="E2921C9428FB23F6E831E1F5F68FC75D" ID-CLB-Dataset="79796" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f05e3a4-714f-4a5e-b178-400d72180b4c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683274" ID-ZooBank="D93AABE9-53FB-42E3-8A01-E44C63B1175C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655879908721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tavakoli, Majid, Stone, Graham N., Pujade-Villar, Juli &amp; Melika, George" docDate="2022" docId="F62087EEFFB6FF8293B2F9D3FBBF1EF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5155.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5155 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="126E184C-29DD-4DEF-BF97-80E317B8BE19" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="0A19FF96FFA7FF9A9325FFC7FFC91F22" masterDocTitle="New herb gall wasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1699349283125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DDD25F7AD0CDDC9D43CAB6766028A4F4">New herb gall wasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66F29ED8E05ED2C026B2D5DD28BA1124">Tavakoli, Majid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4D076AA5281A0D36E906459BBA24CB5">Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lorestan Agricultural &amp; Natural Resources Research Centre, Khorramabad, Iran. majid. tavakoli 43 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E9905294A7D8682ADD3E7EA0F43E9703">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD80C094954FE524E42680D9BD0D401F">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FL, Scotland, U. K. graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7E5D6FC62BA93D6B8E5767D574170F0">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EF2D28ABB562C70099CFDE3818D8570">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Spain. jpujade @ ub. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7798 - 2717</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D42CE3EF2E238FEBBF0D7285DE0DA33F">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5FD3572EFF79EB832C01EB9F9B1C0112">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaorsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary. melikageorge @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5204 - 6890</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="90B31375C18E9332859B49A30DF026E4" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="50E63E2BF500CD328A32775DC3D29E71">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B93B2F9D3FD7F190C" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,694,1556,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B93B2F9D3FEA7190C" bold="true" box="[151,366,1556,1583]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Phanacis strigosa</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli
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, 
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<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFB6FF8B93B2F9FFFEEB1970" box="[151,290,1592,1618]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 86–91" captionStart-1="FIGURES 92–95" captionStart-2="FIGURES 96–98" captionStart-3="FIGURES 99–100" captionStartId-0="22.[151,264,1962,1986]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,264,1569,1593]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,264,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1410,467,1927]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1423,197,1663]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1431,510,1531]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,1400]" captionTargetId-0="figure-135@22.[165,1422,453,1939]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@23.[151,1437,181,1677]" captionTargetId-2="figure-138@24.[151,1435,489,1546]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@25.[151,1435,181,1401]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 86–91. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., female. 86–89, head: 86, frontal view, 87, dorsal view, 88, posterior view, 89, lateral view. 90, antenna, 91, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 92–95. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., female. 92–93, mesosoma: 92, lateral view, 93, frontal view, 94–95, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 96–98. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov. 96–98, female: 96, forewing, 97, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 98, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURES 99–100. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., galls. 99, Picris strigosa with galls, 100, stem with emerging holes and larval cells in dissected stems." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683332" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683334" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683340" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683342" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6683332/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6683334/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6683340/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6683342/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs 86–100</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B93B2F963FE81199C" bold="true" box="[151,328,1700,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CEE13CA5FFB6FF8B926AF963FCEF1825" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818556301" collectorName="M. Tavakoli" country="Iran" elevation="1988" latitude="33.487778" location="Natural Resources Research Station" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="48.674446" municipality="Zaghe" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lorestan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFB6FF8B926AF963FE2A199C" box="[335,483,1700,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female “ 
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFB6FF8B916DF963FD5B199C" box="[584,658,1700,1726]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">IRAN</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFB6FF8B91BBF962FCCA199D" box="[670,771,1701,1727]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="9E52AC82FFB6FF8B902BF963FC9D199C" box="[782,852,1700,1726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Zaghe</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="7B566023FFB6FF8B9046F963FB34199D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F62087EEFFB6FF8293B2F9D3FBBF1EF3:7B566023FFB6FF8B9046F963FB34199D" box="[867,1277,1700,1727]" country="Iran" latitude="33.487778" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="48.674446" municipality="Zaghe" name="Natural Resources Research Station" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Lorestan">Natural Resources Research Station</location>
). GPS coordinates: 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="1BBD503FFFB6FF8B9257F90FFE3719C0" box="[370,510,1736,1762]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" precision="15" seconds="16" value="33.487778">33°29’16”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B9719B1DFFB6FF8B912DF90FFD9519C1" box="[520,604,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.988" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="m" value="1988.0">
<elevation id="F5A4D1CBFFB6FF8B912DF90FFD9519C1" box="[520,604,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.988" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="m" value="1988.0">1988 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.sl., Code 9 (2016) hidden stem galls in 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9702F90EFB0319C0" box="[1063,1226,1737,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9702F90EFB0319C0" box="[1063,1226,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Picris strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="D37C532EFFB6FF8B962BF90EFA5019C0" box="[1294,1433,1736,1763]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">M. Tavakoli</collectorName>
, summer 2015; adults emerge by the end of winter 2015”
</materialsCitation>
. 
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: 
<specimenCount id="688FFD71FFB6FF8B90FAF92AFB951824" box="[991,1116,1772,1799]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the 
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFB6FF8B93B2F8D7FF341808" box="[151,253,1808,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The 
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFB6FF8B921CF8D7FE521808" box="[313,411,1808,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female and the 
<typeStatus id="A132885AFFB6FF8B916BF8D6FD701809" box="[590,697,1809,1835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited at the PHDNRL.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="36936573FFB6FF8B93E2F8F3FB23186C" box="[199,1258,1844,1871]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB6FF8B93E2F8F3FB23186C" blockId="17.[151,1436,1700,2015]" box="[199,1258,1844,1871]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B93E2F8F3FE87186C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1844,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the species name of the host plant, 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B904AF8F2FB2E186C" authority="M. Bieb." authorityName="M. Bieb." box="[879,1255,1844,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B904AF8F2FC2D186C" box="[879,996,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">P. strigosa</emphasis>
M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB6FF8893E2F89FFC2D1E8F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1700,2015]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B93E2F89FFE8B1850" bold="true" box="[199,322,1880,1906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Three 
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<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B92B1F89FFE351850" box="[404,508,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Phanacis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
which induce stem galls on 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9084F89EFBC41851" box="[929,1037,1881,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9084F89EFC2D1850" box="[929,996,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Picris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
are known in Europe: 
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<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9632F89EFA551850" box="[1303,1436,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">P. caulicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB6FF8B93BAF8BBFE8F18B4" author="Hedicke, H." box="[159,326,1916,1942]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="45 - 47" refId="ref12780" refString="Hedicke, H. (1939) Aylax caulicola. In: Niblett, M. Discovery of a new Gall-wasp in Britain (Hymen., Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Royal entomological Society, London, Series B, 8 (3), 45 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1939. tb 01282. x" type="journal article" year="1939">Hedicke, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B925FF8BAFDE618B4" box="[378,559,1916,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echioides">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B925FF8BAFDE618B4" box="[378,559,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Picris echioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B91A2F8BAFCE418B4" box="[647,813,1916,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hieracioides">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B91A2F8BAFCE418B4" box="[647,813,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">P. hieracioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9078F8BBFC1218B4" box="[861,987,1916,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9739F8BAFA5518B4" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmis, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1052,1436,1916,1943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciceki">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9739F8BAFBB018B4" box="[1052,1145,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">P. ciceki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB6FF8B97A5F8BAFA5518B4" author="Azmaz, M. &amp; Katilmis, Y." box="[1152,1436,1916,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="152 - 168" refId="ref12161" refString="Azmaz, M. &amp; Katilmis, Y. (2021) Three new species of herb gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Turkey. European Journal of Taxonomy, 757, 152 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.757.1421" type="journal article" year="2021">Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B93F0F866FEF61899" box="[213,319,1953,1979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B93F0F866FED11898" box="[213,280,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Picris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB6FF8B9268F867FDFF1898" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L." box="[333,566,1952,1978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 636" refId="ref13733" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2001) Hymenoptera: Cynipidae. In: Ramos, M. A., Alba-Tercedor, J., Belles, X., Gosalvez, J., Guerra, A., Macpherson-Mayol, E., Martin-Piera, F., Serrano-Merino, J. &amp; Templado-Gonzalez, J. (Eds.), Fauna Iberica. CSIC Press, Madrid, pp. 1 - 636." type="book chapter" year="2001">Nieves-Aldrey 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB6FF8B911AF866FC9F1898" author="Azmaz, M. &amp; Katilmis, Y." box="[575,854,1952,1979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="152 - 168" refId="ref12161" refString="Azmaz, M. &amp; Katilmis, Y. (2021) Three new species of herb gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Turkey. European Journal of Taxonomy, 757, 152 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.757.1421" type="journal article" year="2021">Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş 2021</bibRefCitation>
). However, in both species the head, mesosoma and metasoma are black. Two other 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9125F803FD0818FC" box="[512,705,1988,2014]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9125F803FDA118FC" box="[512,616,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Phanacis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with black body are known from 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B9766F802FB4F18FC" box="[1091,1158,1989,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B9766F802FB4F18FC" box="[1091,1158,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Picris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB6FF8B97B0F802FAFC18FC" box="[1173,1333,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helminthiae">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB6FF8B97B0F802FAFC18FC" box="[1173,1333,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">P. helminthiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(De Stefani, 1902), galls in flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF8892D3FF50FC5D1F93" authority="Vahl Rocco La Duca" authorityName="Vahl Rocco La Duca" box="[502,916,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeata">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8892D3FF50FD681F93" box="[502,673,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Picris aculeata</emphasis>
Vahl Rocco La Duca
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF8890EEFF50FAF71F93" authority="Nieves-Aldrey, 2008" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2008" box="[971,1342,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosae">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8890EEFF50FB831F92" box="[971,1098,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">P. comosae</emphasis>
Nieves-Aldrey, 2008
</taxonomicName>
, galls in the head (flowers) of 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF8892ACFF7CFCA01FF7" authority="(Nieves-Aldrey et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Nieves-Aldrey" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[393,873,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8892ACFF7CFDE01FF6" box="[393,553,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Picris comosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB5FF889112FF7CFCA81FF7" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Sanchez, I. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Gomez, J. F." box="[567,865,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="257 - 269" refId="ref14135" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Sanchez, I., Massa, B. &amp; Gomez, J. F. (2008) Cynipid wasps inducing galls on plants of the genus Picris (Asteraceae) in Europe, with a description of a new species of Phanacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from the Iberian Peninsula. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, New Series, 44 (3), 257 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2008.10697561" type="journal article" year="2008">
Nieves-Aldrey 
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8891C0FF7CFCDF1FF7" box="[741,790,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the new species the entire body is light brown, with a slightly darker metasoma. According to the previously published key (Melika 2006) the herein described species runs to 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF889263FEC4FD701E3F" authority="Diakontschuk, 1988" authorityName="Diakontschuk" authorityYear="1988" box="[326,697,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cousiniae">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF889263FEC4FE071E3E" box="[326,462,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">P. cousiniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB5FF8892F2FEC4FD701E3F" author="Diakontschuk, L. A." box="[471,697,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref12544" refString="Diakontschuk, L. A. (1988) New and little known gall wasps of the subfamily Cynipinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from Central Asia. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 67 (1), 166 - 181. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1988">Diakontschuk, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which induces stem galls on 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF88972FFEC4FB5E1E3F" box="[1034,1175,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cousinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF88972FFEC4FBA61E3F" box="[1034,1135,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Cousinia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF8897F5FEC4FEAE1E63" authority="Trev." authorityName="Trev." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8897F5FEC4FA551E3F" box="[1232,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Centaurea iberica</emphasis>
Trev. (Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFB5FF8892B5FEE0FDE21E63" box="[400,555,295,321]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFB5FF889143FEE0FD3C1E63" box="[614,757,295,321]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Tadzhikistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB5FF889020FEE0FC211E63" author="Diakontschuk, L. A." box="[773,1000,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref12544" refString="Diakontschuk, L. A. (1988) New and little known gall wasps of the subfamily Cynipinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from Central Asia. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 67 (1), 166 - 181. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1988">Diakontschuk 1988</bibRefCitation>
). However, in 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF8897B1FEE0FAD41E62" authorityName="Diakontschuk" authorityYear="1988" box="[1172,1309,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cousiniae">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8897B1FEE0FAD41E62" box="[1172,1309,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">P. cousiniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
like in the other above mentioned 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF889282FE8CFDA41E47" box="[423,621,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF889282FE8CFDC61E47" box="[423,527,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Phanacis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the head, mesosoma and metasoma are black, the 3rd and subsequent metasomal terga have micropunctures, and males are known (
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB5FF889069FEA8FBE51EAB" author="Diakontschuk, L. A." box="[844,1068,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="166 - 181" refId="ref12544" refString="Diakontschuk, L. A. (1988) New and little known gall wasps of the subfamily Cynipinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from Central Asia. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 67 (1), 166 - 181. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1988">Diakontschuk 1988</bibRefCitation>
), while in 
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF889786FEA8FABA1EAA" box="[1187,1395,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF889786FEA8FAA61EAA" authority="Tavakoli &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2022" authorityName="Tavakoli &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2022" box="[1187,1391,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa" status="sp. nov.">Phanacis strigosa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF88965EFEA8FF011E8F" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFB5FF88965EFEA8FF011E8F" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the entire body is brown and the metasoma is without micropunctures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFB5FF8293E2FE71FE931E47" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="description">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB5FF8893E2FE71FDA71D1F" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8893E2FE71FE901EF2" bold="true" box="[199,345,438,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Description.</emphasis>
Female (
<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFB5FF8892E3FE70FD821EF0" box="[454,587,439,466]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 86–91" captionStart-1="FIGURES 92–95" captionStart-2="FIGURES 96–98" captionStartId-0="22.[151,264,1962,1986]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,264,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1410,467,1927]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1423,197,1663]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1431,510,1531]" captionTargetId-0="figure-135@22.[165,1422,453,1939]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@23.[151,1437,181,1677]" captionTargetId-2="figure-138@24.[151,1435,489,1546]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="FIGURES 86–91. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., female. 86–89, head: 86, frontal view, 87, dorsal view, 88, posterior view, 89, lateral view. 90, antenna, 91, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 92–95. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., female. 92–93, mesosoma: 92, lateral view, 93, frontal view, 94–95, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 96–98. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov. 96–98, female: 96, forewing, 97, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 98, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683332" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683334" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683340" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6683332/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6683334/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6683340/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Figs 86–98</figureCitation>
). Head, mandibles and palpi maxilaris and labialis light brown to yellow; antenna dark brown, except lighter F1–F3, pedicel and scape; mesosoma light brown to yellow, except much darker metanotal trough and metascutellum; all legs same coloured as the mesosoma; metasoma orange brown, with much darker posterior tergites and hypopygium.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB5FF8893B2F8B0FC881891" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683320/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" startId="18.[151,264,1911,1935]" targetBox="[162,1424,608,1877]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB5FF8893B2F8B0FC881891" blockId="18.[151,1436,1911,1971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF8893B2F8B0FE9D18AD" bold="true" box="[151,340,1911,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">FIGURES 70–75.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB5FF88927FF8B0FCDF18AD" authority="Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008" authorityName="Melika &amp; Karimpour" authorityYear="2008" box="[346,790,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beheni">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB5FF88927FF8B0FE3118AD" box="[346,504,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Isocolus beheni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB5FF8892DBF8B0FCDF18AD" author="Karimpour, Y. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G." box="[510,790,1911,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="16 - 32" refId="ref12883" refString="Karimpour, Y., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. (2008) New species of herb gallwasps from the Middle East (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Aylacini). Zootaxa, 1854 (1) -, 16 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1854.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male. 70–73, head: 70, frontal view, 71, dorsal view, 72, posterior view, 73, lateral view; 74, antenna; 75, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB4FF8993B2F980FD7A19A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683322/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" startId="19.[151,264,1607,1631]" targetBox="[171,1421,203,1570]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB4FF8993B2F980FD7A19A1" blockId="19.[151,1436,1607,1667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB4FF8993B2F980FE9F197D" bold="true" box="[151,342,1607,1631]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">FIGURES 76–79.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB4FF899278F980FCE8197D" authority="Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008" authorityName="Melika &amp; Karimpour" authorityYear="2008" box="[349,801,1607,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beheni">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB4FF899278F980FE34197D" box="[349,509,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Isocolus beheni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB4FF899120F980FCE8197D" author="Karimpour, Y. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G." box="[517,801,1607,1631]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" pagination="16 - 32" refId="ref12883" refString="Karimpour, Y., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. (2008) New species of herb gallwasps from the Middle East (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Aylacini). Zootaxa, 1854 (1) -, 16 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1854.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female. 76–77, mesosoma: 76, lateral view, 77, frontal view, 78–79, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB4FF8E93E2F976FB451EAB" blockId="19.[151,1437,1713,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Head delicately coriaceous to alutaceous-reticulate, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face, rounded, only slightly broader than high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 1.7× as broad as long from dorsal view. Gena alutaceous-reticulate, not broadened behind eye; not visible behind eye in front view; as broad as cross diameter of eye, measuring behind eye. Eye 1.3× as high as length of malar space, malar sulcus absent, malar space with numerous strong striae, radiating from clypeus and reaching eye. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 1.8× as long as OOL; OOL as long as LOL and 3.0× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus. Transfacial distance 1.4× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 2.1× as long as distance between them and nearly as long as distance between torulus and eye margin. Lower face with numerous striae, radiating from clypeus and reaching toruli and eye; median elevated area alutaceous-reticulate. Clypeus smooth, rectangular, slightly higher than broad, ventrally rounded, slightly projecting over mandibles; anterior tentorial pits, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons, vertex, occiput, postocciput alutaceous-reticulate. Postocciput and postgenal bridge slightly darker than rest of head posteriorly; posterior tentorial pit small, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina distinct, broad, emarginate, continuing into united postgenal sulci. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.3× as long as broad; F1 1.8× as long as pedicel, nearly equal F2, F2=F3=F4=F5; F6 till F10 slightly shorter and equal in length, F11 1.7× as long as F10, all flagellomeres with white setae; placodeal sensilla on F3–F11, absent on F1–F2.</paragraph>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB3FF8E93B2F8F9FE2518BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683324/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" startId="20.[151,264,1854,1878]" targetBox="[151,1433,435,1826]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB3FF8E93B2F8F9FE2518BC" blockId="20.[151,1437,1854,1950]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB3FF8E93B2F8F9FE9F1874" bold="true" box="[151,342,1854,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">FIGURES 80–84.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB3FF8E927BF8F9FCEE1874" authority="Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008" authorityName="Melika &amp; Karimpour" authorityYear="2008" box="[350,807,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beheni">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB3FF8E927BF8F9FE361874" box="[350,511,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Isocolus beheni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB3FF8E9122F8F9FCEE1874" author="Karimpour, Y. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G." box="[519,807,1854,1878]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="16 - 32" refId="ref12883" refString="Karimpour, Y., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. (2008) New species of herb gallwasps from the Middle East (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Aylacini). Zootaxa, 1854 (1) -, 16 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1854.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 80–82, female: 80, forewing, 81, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 82, metasoma, lateral view. 83–84, infested flowerheads: 83, young, growing and mature, dried, 84, dried, with wasp emergence hole.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB2FF8F93B2F993FBB9194E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683328" box="[151,1136,1620,1645]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683328/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" startId="21.[151,250,1620,1644]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1597]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB2FF8F93B2F993FBB9194E" blockId="21.[151,1136,1620,1645]" box="[151,1136,1620,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB2FF8F93B2F993FEE9194E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1620,1644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">FIGURE 85.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB2FF8F9203F992FD2D194F" authority="Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008" authorityName="Melika &amp; Karimpour" authorityYear="2008" box="[294,740,1621,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beheni">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB2FF8F9203F992FE0C194F" box="[294,453,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Isocolus beheni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A184B09FFB2FF8F92EEF992FD2D194F" author="Karimpour, Y. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G." box="[459,740,1621,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" pagination="16 - 32" refId="ref12883" refString="Karimpour, Y., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. (2008) New species of herb gallwasps from the Middle East (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Aylacini). Zootaxa, 1854 (1) -, 16 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1854.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Melika &amp; Karimpour, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Infested flowerheads of 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB2FF8F90C7F992FBB9194E" box="[994,1136,1621,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB2FF8F90C7F992FB85194E" box="[994,1100,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Centaurea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB2FF8C93E2F95CFC141E8F" blockId="21.[151,1437,1691,2041]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Mesosoma convex, longer than high in lateral view, with sparse white setae, denser on propodeum and along anterolateral edge of pronotum. Pronotum uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, dorsomedially 1.5× as short as greatest length on outer lateral margin. Submedian pronotal pits small, narrow, area separating them 2.0× as broad as width of a pit. Mesoscutum slightly broader than long, uniformly alutaceous-reticulate. Notaulus weakly impressed, complete, on entire length slightly impressed; anterior parallel line indistinct, hardly traceable; parapsidal lines slightly impressed, narrow, indistinct, reaching tegula level; median mesoscutal line indistinct, but mesoscutum very weakly impressed along the median line. Mesoscutellum uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, distinctly longer than broad, trapezoid, posteriorly broader than anteriorly; circumscutellar carina distinct and complete; slightly overhanging metascutellum. Mesoscutellar foveae in a form of transverse impression anteriorly, indistinctly separated by a slightly elevated median area. Mesopleuron uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, with some white setae ventrally; mesopleural triangle reticulate, with some delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height, delimiting a broad reticulate area along mesopleuron; dorsal axillar and lateral axillar areas smooth, shining, with white setae; subaxillular bar smooth, shining, the most posterior end slightly narrower than height of reticulate metanotal trough; metascutellum reticulate, narrow medially; smooth ventral impressed area higher than height of mesoscutellum medially. Propodeum alutaceous-reticulate, lateral propodeal carinae uniformly thick, parallel; central propodeal area uniformly alutaceous-reticulate, without striae, with setae; lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with dense white setae; nucha short, laterally smooth, without longitudinal striae, dorsocentrally smooth, without longitudinal striae, only dorsolaterally some delicate striae visible.</paragraph>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB1FF8C93B2F86DFB4A18C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683332/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" startId="22.[151,264,1962,1986]" targetBox="[182,1410,467,1927]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB1FF8C93B2F86DFB4A18C4" blockId="22.[151,1436,1962,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB1FF8C93B2F86DFE9A18E0" bold="true" box="[151,339,1962,1986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">FIGURES 86–91.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB1FF8C927DF86DFCD018E0" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityYear="2022" box="[344,793,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB1FF8C927DF86DFDC718E0" box="[344,526,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Phanacis strigosa</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB1FF8C9007F86DFCB818E0" bold="true" box="[802,881,1962,1986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFB1FF8C9007F86DFCB818E0" box="[802,881,1962,1986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 86–89, head: 86, frontal view, 87, dorsal view, 88, posterior view, 89, lateral view. 90, antenna, 91, pronotum and mesoscutum, anterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2AF66670FFB0FF8D93B2F962FD2619C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6683334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683334/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" startId="23.[151,264,1701,1725]" targetBox="[163,1423,197,1663]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB0FF8D93B2F962FD2619C3" blockId="23.[151,1437,1701,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB0FF8D93B2F962FE9A199F" bold="true" box="[151,339,1701,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">FIGURES 92–95.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFB0FF8D927DF962FCD1199F" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli" authorityYear="2022" box="[344,792,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB0FF8D927DF962FDC4199F" box="[344,525,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Phanacis strigosa</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFB0FF8D9004F962FCB9199F" bold="true" box="[801,880,1701,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57CE5791FFB0FF8D9004F962FCB9199F" box="[801,880,1701,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 92–93, mesosoma: 92, lateral view, 93, frontal view, 94–95, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB0FF8D93E2F8C8FCDB18B7" blockId="23.[151,1437,1807,2014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Forewing longer than body, margin with long cilia; R1 reaching wing margin and extending along margin on a short distance; radial cell partially closed, 2.3× as long as broad, areolet small, triangular, distinct, Rs+M indistinct, weakly pigmented, reaching to half length of distance between areolet and basalis, its projection reaching basalis in lower half. Tarsal claws very narrow, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFB0FF8293E2F867FE0C1FF7" blockId="23.[151,1437,1807,2014]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,466]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
Metasoma 1.7× as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum without setae anterolaterally and without punctures, extending to 1/4 of metasoma length in lateral view; all subsequent terga without setae and micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium without setae, short, as broad as long in ventral view. Body length 
<quantity id="B9719B1DFFBFFF8293C1FF7CFEA21FF7" box="[228,363,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293E2FF18FE4C1FDB" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,466]" box="[199,389,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293E2FEC5FE931E47" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293E2FEC5FF331E3E" bold="true" box="[199,250,258,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E6B22A7DFFBFFF82922FFEC4FE551E3F" box="[266,412,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–100" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1435,181,1401]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 99–100. Phanacis strigosa Melika, Stone &amp; Tavakoli, sp. nov., galls. 99, Picris strigosa with galls, 100, stem with emerging holes and larval cells in dissected stems." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6683342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6683342/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Figs 99–100</figureCitation>
). Galls are cryptic, hidden within the stems of the host plant, without any noticeable external swelling of the stem, thus the position of the galls can be located based only on the presence of the adult wasp emergence holes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBFFF8293E2FEA9FBF71E8F" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293E2FEA9FBF71E8F" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293E2FEA9FEEE1EAA" bold="true" box="[199,295,366,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Biology.</emphasis>
Galls mature in summer. Adult wasps overwinter in the galls and emerge at the end of winter in the following year. The only known host plant is 
<taxonomicName id="B9894D7BFFBFFF8291B1FE54FBF31E8F" authority="M. Bieb." authorityName="M. Bieb." box="[660,1082,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8291B1FE54FCF11E8E" box="[660,824,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Picris strigosa</emphasis>
M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36936573FFBFFF8293E2FE71FBBF1EF3" box="[199,1142,438,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7E3636F8FFBFFF8293E2FE71FBBF1EF3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,466]" box="[199,1142,438,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="4CFDEAEAFFBFFF8293E2FE71FEA81EF2" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Distribution.</emphasis>
Zaghe (Natural Resources Research Station), 
<collectingRegion id="BC4DF81AFFBFFF829042FE70FBFF1EF3" box="[871,1078,439,465]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Lorestan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="069E7668FFBFFF829767FE70FBBA1EF3" box="[1090,1139,439,465]" name="Iran" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>