216 lines
19 KiB
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216 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1145-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" ID-ZooBank="830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1145-1" checkinTime="1675506069289" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hedin, Marshal & Milne, Marc A." docDate="2023" docId="C665A04B6907536BB347854FA7568153" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1145: 1-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1145" docPubDate="2023-02-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" docTitle="Nesticus dilutus Gertsch 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" masterDocTitle="New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1675506069289" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mhedin@sdsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Milne, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-0161</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>130</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1145-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C665A04B6907536BB347854FA7568153" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C665A04B6907536BB347854FA7568153" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6RX82" ID-ENA="44404" LSID="C665A04B-6907-536B-B347-854FA7568153" authority="Gertsch, 1984" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus dilutus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilutus">Nesticus dilutus Gertsch, 1984</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Nesticus dilutus ♂ and ♀. Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♂ MCH specimen # 1307, ventral (A). Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♀ MCH specimen # 1314, ventral (B), dorsal (C). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 23A-C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus dilutus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilutus">Nesticus dilutus</taxonomicName>
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Gertsch, 1984: 27, figs 94-96;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" author="Hedin, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B17" refString="Hedin, M, Dellinger, B, 2005. Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity. Zootaxa 904: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" title="Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" volume="904" year="2005">Hedin and Dellinger 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 10, figs 13, 14.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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New collections from
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-08-23" collectorName="M. Hedin, J. Hedin, Non" country="USA" county="Rhea Co." location="Old" municipality="Grassy Creek Cave" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="type">
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<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Tennessee">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Rhea Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Grassy Creek Cave</collectingMunicipality>
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, south of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C665A04B6907536BB347854FA7568153:A6758D7E723F8643CAF16F2C0F3EAC34" country="USA" county="Rhea Co." municipality="Grassy Creek Cave" name="Old" stateProvince="Tennessee">Old</location>
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Washington">Washington</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1992-08-23">23 Aug. 1992</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Hedin</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>Non</collectorName>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-03-26" collectorName="K. S. Zigler, M. L. Niemiller, N. Mann" country="United States of America" county="Rhea Co." location="Starve Rock Cave" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="type">
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<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
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material: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCounty>Rhea Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C665A04B6907536BB347854FA7568153:212A52366B920C6182B674CD9621C546" country="United States of America" county="Rhea Co." name="Starve Rock Cave" stateProvince="Tennessee">Starve Rock Cave</location>
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(TRH7);
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<collectingDate value="2016-03-26">26 Mar. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>K.S. Zigler</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M.L. Niemiller</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>N. Mann</collectorName>
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leg.; KSZ 15-566
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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A close morphological and genetic relative of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Petrunkevitch" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This species differs most conspicuously from the former in that the basal, dorsal process of the paracymbium is absent (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" author="Hedin, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B17" refString="Hedin, M, Dellinger, B, 2005. Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity. Zootaxa 904: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" title="Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" volume="904" year="2005">Hedin and Dellinger 2005</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 13). The tegular apophysis has a narrow, L-shaped base with a gradually tapering tip, although this condition is found in some northern populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Nesticus tennesseensis ♂ palps, ventral view A West Virginia, Raleigh Co., Grandview SP, MCH specimen # 1360 B Virginia, Tazewell Co., Fallen Rock Cave, MCH specimen # 1808 C Fallen Rock Cave, MCH specimen # 1807. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
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). Epigyna very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but possess more widely separated, pointed medial margins when viewed dorsally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Nesticus dilutus ♂ and ♀. Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♂ MCH specimen # 1307, ventral (A). Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♀ MCH specimen # 1314, ventral (B), dorsal (C). Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23B, C</figureCitation>
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) rather than the extended parallel medial margins in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Nesticus tennesseensis epigynal variation. Tennessee, Grainger Co., Indian Cave, MCH specimen # 1010, ventral (A), dorsal (B). North Carolina, Surry Co., near Fisher Peak, MCH specimen # N 1126, ventral (C), dorsal (D). Tennessee, Carter Co., near Watauga Lake, MCH 05 _ 078, ventral (E), dorsal (F). West Virginia, Raleigh Co., Grandview SP, MCH specimen # 1362, ventral (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804473" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22B, D, F</figureCitation>
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), and the overall shorter (anterior to posterior) epigynal plate. More troglomorphic (depigmented, lacking median eyes, with proportionately long legs) than all known populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" author="Hedin, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B17" refString="Hedin, M, Dellinger, B, 2005. Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity. Zootaxa 904: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" title="Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in eastern North America, with comments on species rarity." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.904.1.1" volume="904" year="2005">Hedin and Dellinger 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus dilutus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus dilutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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♂ and ♀. Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♂ MCH specimen #1307, ventral (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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). Tennessee, Rhea Co., Grassy Creek Cave, ♀ MCH specimen #1314, ventral (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The female specimen from Starve Rock Cave has an epigynum very similar to specimens from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This troglomorphic taxon was previously known only from the type locality (Grassy Creek Cave), but is now known from two nearby caves in east-central Tennessee (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Nesticus tennesseensis group species. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
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). Starve Rock Cave is very near Grassy Creek Cave and may share a subterranean connection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Sister to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Petrunkevitch" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on UCE trees (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. UCE concatenated maximum likelihood tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Node numbers correspond to bootstrap (bold text) / gCF / sCF. Only bootstrap values below 100 shown, all others 100. gCF and sCF values rounded to nearest integer; sCF values below 38 highlighted with red text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. UCE ASTRAL species tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Included are quartet support values (rounded to nearest integer), and local posterior probability values (if less than 1.0, red text). Branch lengths in coalescent units for internal branches only, terminal branch lengths arbitrary. Internal branch to Nesticus cressleri truncated for graphical purposes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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), but
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. dilutus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. dilutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequences are embedded within a clade of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tennesseensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequences on the mitochondrial gene tree (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. COI IQT gene tree. Distant outgroups trimmed. Specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Sequences from UCE capture denoted with " NODE ". Populations with a " Nesticus cooperi - like " male paracymbium denoted by small circles. Not all tip bootstrap values shown (see Suppl. material 4 for. tre file with all bootstrap values)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804457" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
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). This latter pattern is attributed to either deep coalescence or gene tree estimation error.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |