187 lines
16 KiB
XML
187 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92a4774c-d633-4a91-bd30-e09a73d99c1b" ID-PMC="PMC3095129" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-95-1" ID-PubMed="21594067" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-95-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 95" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region" checkinTime="1451250458162" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rene, Fourie, Charles R., Haddad & Rudy, Jocque" docDate="2011" docId="937B53DDE355BEE280AFE7D10B29D973" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 95: 1-28" docOrigin="ZooKeys 95" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745" docTitle="Calommata tibialis Fourie, Haddad & Jocque, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="1D00FFA1E0168E70B668FFCCBF60BA32" masterDocTitle="A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668169128144" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rene, Fourie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Charles R., Haddad</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rudy, Jocque</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>28</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-95-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:937B53DDE355BEE280AFE7D10B29D973" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/937B53DDE355BEE280AFE7D10B29D973" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E31586AD-B428-49F1-8F43-100356C90DCA" authority="Fourie, Haddad & Jocque" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
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Calommata tibialis Fourie, Haddad &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 6, 917293150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5266–">-5266-</normalizedToken>
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68
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Holotype male. TOGO: Between Bassari and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sokodé">Sokode</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.25">09°15'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="0.78333336">00°47'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
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.1984, pitfalls, wooded savanna, P. Douben (MRAC 169501).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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1♂: together with holotype.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CÔTE">COTE</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’IVOIRE">D'IVOIRE</normalizedToken>
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: 1♂: Kossou,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.95">06°57'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-4.9666667">04°58'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 28.IV.1975, pitfalls, wooded savanna, R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
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(MRAC 169500).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CÔTE">COTE</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’IVOIRE">D'IVOIRE</normalizedToken>
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: 1 subadult ♀: Lamto,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.2">06°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-5.3333335">05°20'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 6.III.1968, savanna with
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Borassus aethiopum" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopum">Borassus aethiopum</taxonomicName>
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, C. Girard (MRAC 232547); 1♂: Same locality, 11.II.1974, dirt road near biological station, P. Blandin (MRAC 232548).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The male of the species can be recognised by the carapace that is subequal in length and width (Fig. 6), the short, swollen palpal tibia, and the narrow conductor ending in a thick prominent tooth (Figs 51, 52).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The specific epithet refers to the palpal tibia of the male, which is distinctly shorter and more swollen compared to that of other African congeners.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male holotype. Measurements: CL 2.13, CW 1.95, AL 3.45, AW 2.02, TL 6.65 (6.00-6.65). Length of leg segments, and total: I 1.98 + 0.65 + 1.35 + 1.71 + 1.63 = 7.32; II 1.80 + 0.75 + 1.10 + 1.60 + 1.80 = 7.05; III 1.49 + 0.80 + 0.75 + 1.70 + 2.45 = 7.19; IV 1.94 + 0.90 + 1.03 + 2.00 + 3.03 = 8.90. Carapace index 1.10; patella-tibia index 0.94.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Carapace and chelicerae orange brown (Fig. 6). Chelicerae with single row of alternating small and medium sized teeth, gradually decreasing in size from fang base to cheliceral base, with several denticles retrolateral of teeth row near cheliceral base (Fig. 17). Eye area raised, narrow, darker in colour. Sternum and coxae yellow, remainder of legs orange, fading to pale yellow at tarsi. Legs weakly covered with bristles; prolateral side of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
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covered with spinules. Abdomen grey, with pale orange-brown scutum anteriorly (Fig. 6). Palp with short cymbium, with rounded distal margin; tibia shorter and broader than in the other five species, slightly longer than wide; embolus and conductor orientated obliquely, pointing retrolaterally and distally, not projecting beyond retrolateral cymbial margin; conductor narrow with a thick prominent tooth distally on its dorsal surface; embolus short and slightly curved (Figs 51, 52, 66-68).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Figures 66-68. Left palp of male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. 66 prolateral view 67 ventral view 68 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="remark">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remark.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The specimens may possibly have faded over time in 70% ethanol, which can only be confirmed should fresh material become available. Although a subadult female is available it will not be described as the genitalic structure cannot be studied.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Central
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
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and northern Togo (Fig. 73).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Present data indicates that
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. occurs in woodland savannah habitats and avoids forests, where
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
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has been collected. This may indicate some degree of ecological separation between the species but requires further study. Taking this into account we consider the studies of
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<bibRefCitation author="Blandin, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental Afrique Noire" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="48 - 52" title="Decouverte en Cote d'Ivoire de Calommata simoni Pocock [Aran. - Orth. - Atypidae]." volume="33" year="1971">Blandin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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to relate to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and not
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
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, as indicated by them.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<bibRefCitation author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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located more than 50 nests of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. at four localities in southern Benin with quite contrasting habitat structures, including grassland, patches of subsistence agriculture, in close proximity to rivers, and open ground near palm forests. He did not indicate the occurrence of the species in forests. In one of the habitats that he found
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calommata</taxonomicName>
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, the soil was described as sandy, of poor quality and relatively acidic, and covered in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘grassland’">'grassland'</normalizedToken>
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vegetation, similar to the habitat characteristics described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Blandin, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental Afrique Noire" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="48 - 52" title="Decouverte en Cote d'Ivoire de Calommata simoni Pocock [Aran. - Orth. - Atypidae]." volume="33" year="1971">Blandin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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for the Lamto area, from where
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. specimens are available.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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The burrow of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. slants obliquely downwards into the soil, and was estimated to be 25-30cm deep by
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<bibRefCitation author="Blandin, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental Afrique Noire" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="48 - 52" title="Decouverte en Cote d'Ivoire de Calommata simoni Pocock [Aran. - Orth. - Atypidae]." volume="33" year="1971">Blandin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, while
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<bibRefCitation author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated a maximum depth of 21cm in a female specimen, although generally shallower in other specimens (12-19cm). The top 1-2cm of the burrow is expanded to form a chamber covered by silk webbing that is camouflaged with soil, and the spider lies in wait hanging upside-down from the web for wandering prey (
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<bibRefCitation author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Egg sacs are suspected to hatch in May; during incubation the female spins a silk veil at the base of the chamber that is suspected to firstly allow the spider access to the chamber to capture potential prey, and secondly hide the spider and its eggs from potential parasites once they have entered the chamber (
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<bibRefCitation author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |