206 lines
18 KiB
XML
206 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1111-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" ID-ZooBank="3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1111-43" checkinTime="1657577097621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger & Andersen, Trond" docDate="2022" docId="7C210339B6855FB49E0176EE6DE8B920" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1111: 43-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1111" docPubDate="2022-07-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" docTitle="Chimarra calundoensis Marlier 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" masterDocTitle="New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1657577401209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-1870</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">trond.andersen@uib.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1111</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1111-43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C210339B6855FB49E0176EE6DE8B920" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C210339B6855FB49E0176EE6DE8B920" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7C210339-B685-5FB4-9E01-76EE6DE8B920" authority="Marlier, 1965" authorityName="Marlier" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calundoensis">Chimarra calundoensis Marlier, 1965</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 7. Chimarra calundoensis Marlier, ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage and periphallic processes, caudal D caudal E phallus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711473" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marlier" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calundoensis">Chimarra calundoensis</taxonomicName>
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Marlier, 1965: 26, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-11-08" collectingDateMax="1994-11-15" collectingDateMin="1994-11-08" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="T Andersen" country="Ghana" latitude="5.35" location="Central Reg." longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-1.3666667" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C210339B6855FB49E0176EE6DE8B920:7043878C1D5573BB49061B1624DEF6C2" country="Ghana" latitude="5.35" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-1.3666667" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" name="Central Reg.">Central Reg.</location>
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</emphasis>
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●
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Kakum Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.35">5°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-1.3666667">1°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1994-11-08" valueMax="1994-11-15" valueMin="1994-11-08">8-15 Nov. 1994</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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; UMSP
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Phallobase with ventral apex greatly produced and strongly bent, apex rounded; phallic spines both rather short; inferior appendage tapered, bent, acute apically, cusps of ventromesal margin not evident in lateral view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marlier" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra calundoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to and most likely to be confused with either
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. falcifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="falcifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. falcifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, diagnoses of other species in the subgroup should be considered to eliminate other possibilities.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marlier" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra calundoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the apicoventral lobe of the phallobase strongly bent and in having the dorsal lobe of the inferior appendages at least somewhat bent. It differs in that the ventral apex of the phallobase is rounded, rather than subtruncate, and the dorsal lobes of the inferior appendages are more tapering and less distinctly bent. Additionally, the phallic spines are slightly shorter than in
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dybowskina" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="dybowskina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. dybowskina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We considered synonymizing
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. falcifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="falcifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. falcifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Jacquemart with
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; it seems to differ primarily in having the ventral apex of the phallobase less distinctly bent. However, the illustration of the hind wing of
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. falcifera" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="falcifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. falcifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Jacquemart, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B34" refString="Jacquemart, S, 1966b. A propos de quelques Trichopteres du Katanga. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 42: 1 - 10" title="A propos de quelques Trichopteres du Katanga." volume="42" year="1966 b">Jacquemart (1966b</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 7C) indicates an absence of fork III. This is not the case in
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<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. calundoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or any other species of the
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<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarrha fallax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group investigated. Individual, sometimes unilateral, variations in venational forking are not particularly unusual. The matter should probably be investigated before a synonymy is made.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711473" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 7" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marlier" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra calundoensis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calundoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra calundoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Marlier, ♂ genitalia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
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lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
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dorsal, segments IX and X
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
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inferior appendage and periphallic processes, caudal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
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caudal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
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phallus, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Adult.</emphasis>
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Color of head, prothorax, and appendages (in alcohol) yellowish, mesothorax, body, and spurs yellowish brown. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite <1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2nd segment relatively short (<3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1st), apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3rd segment only slightly longer than 2nd, 4th segment very short (shorter than 2nd), 5th segment subequal to 3rd. Forewing length: male, 5.4 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R1 sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width, fork I strongly subsessile, fork II sessile,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r</emphasis>
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crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength, just before fork I,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
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, crossveins linear,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
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crossvein more proximal,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
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pigmented (like wing),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
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crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R1 narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and fork II subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male with tarsi unmodified, claws small and symmetrical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum wider, expanded dorsally (~ 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of sternum at base). Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin moderately produced, anterior margin with angular inflection in ventral
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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, weakly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum very short dorsally, with short anterior apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with elongate, narrow ventral process at approximately midlength, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum, as viewed dorsally or ventrally, subtruncate, slightly concave mesally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into dorsally curved, sclerotized, spine-like processes, bearing two preapical sensilla; mesal lobe of tergum X membranous, moderately elongate; ventrally with strongly projecting, paired, sclerotized, periphallic processes, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, constricted basally, membranous basally, but fused laterally to periphallic processes. Inferior appendage with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected and strongly narrowing, somewhat posteriorly curved, apex acute; as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized, angular projections or cusps near base and before midlength, projections not or scarcely evident in lateral view; mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin very strongly projecting, sclerotized, strongly ventrally deflected, apex of ventral projection more or less evenly rounded, as viewed laterally; endotheca with two relatively short and asymmetrically positioned spines, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |