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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1b2ce37-b3f8-4568-a88a-6933ba8822da" ID-PMC="PMC3867108" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-356-11" ID-PubMed="24363572" ID-ZBK="93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-356-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 356" ModsDocTitle="The “Taygetis ypthima species group” (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" checkinTime="1451246629186" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Zacca, Thamara, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik &amp; Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2013" docId="6481C55447993E2AAD9AB4B24D99723B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 356: 11-29" docOrigin="ZooKeys 356" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481" docTitle="Taygetis drogoni Siewert, Zacca, Dias &amp; Freitas, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CA6CEBB1-A525-44EE-A265-CE467707BFB5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="5F75FA2BFFA7FFE5C45EFFFC426BFFBF" masterDocTitle="The &quot; Taygetis ypthima species group &quot; (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668157003685" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The &quot; Taygetis ypthima species group &quot; (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Siewert, Ricardo Russo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zacca, Thamara</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dias, Fernando Maia Silva</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>356</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
<mods:end>29</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-356-11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049813" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA6CEBB1-A525-44EE-A265-CE467707BFB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6481C55447993E2AAD9AB4B24D99723B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CA6CEBB1-A525-44EE-A265-CE467707BFB5" authority="Siewert, Zacca, Dias &amp; Freitas" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni Siewert, Zacca, Dias &amp; Freitas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="12">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="13" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
1
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
; 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
; 7A, B
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
Holotype male with the following labels (separated by transverse bars): /HOLOTYPUS/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
Siewert, Zacca, Dias &amp; Freitas det. 2013/ M(#)/ 07-II-1985 Cambuquira, M[inas] G[erais] [
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-21.858334">21°51'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-45.29111">45°17'28&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
]. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg./ DZ 27.604/ (DZUP). Allotype female with the following labels (separated by transverse bars): /ALLOTYPUS/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
Siewert, Zacca, Dias &amp; Freitas det. 2013/ F(#)/ 10-XII-1968 Camb[uquira], [Minas Gerais] [
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-21.858334">21°51'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-45.29111">45°17'28&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
]./
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coleção">Colecao</normalizedToken>
H. Ebert/ DZ 27.607/ (DZUP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
BRAZIL -
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">Minas</pageBreakToken>
Gerais: Alfenas - 14-XII-2011, 1 female, Brito leg., JCI2.1-130 (ZUEC); 08-II-2012, 1 male, Brito leg., JCI3.2-225 (ZUEC). Cambuquira - 6-X-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 5.501 (DZUP); 10-XII-1968, 6 males, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.606, DZ 27.607, DZ 27.614, DZ 27.619, DZ 27.623, DZ 27.624 (DZUP); 900 m, 15-IV-1969, 3 males, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.605, DZ 26.419, DZ 27.620 (DZUP); 2-7-XI-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg. (SMFL); 15-V-1981, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.618 (DZUP); 7-II-1985, 5 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg. DZ 27.621, DZ 27.431, DZ 27.616, DZ 27.626, DZ 27.627 (DZUP).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
- Santa Barbara, 1500 m, 1-5-II-1985, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg. DZ 27.625, DZ 27.629 (DZUP). Carmo do Rio Claro - 1-VIII-1948, 1 male, Carvalho &amp; Alceu leg. DZ 27.617 (DZUP). Nova Lima - APE Manancial Mutuca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Rola
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moça">Moca</normalizedToken>
, 1-V-2009, 1 male, Silva leg., DNA voucher PM 10-02 (ZUEC-AVLF).
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Roque de Minas - Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, 9-IV-1999, 1 male, without collector, UFMG ILE 1300506 (UFMG); 19-21-IV-1999, 2 males, without collector, UFMG ILE 1300504, 1300507 (UFMG).
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo:
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Luiz do Paraitinga - 800 m, 22-IV-2004, 1 male, Ribeiro leg., ZUEC LEP 6.548 (ZUEC); 28-IX-2004, 1 male, Ribeiro leg., ZUEC LEP 6.548 (ZUEC); 29-IX-2004, 1 male, Ribeiro leg., ZUEC LEP 7.003 (ZUEC); 12-I-2005, 1 female, Ribeiro leg., ZUEC LEP 6.724 (ZUEC); 18-II-2005, 2 males, Ribeiro leg., ZUEC LEP 6.666, ZUEC LEP 6.691 (ZUEC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is very similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
, differing from the latter by the following characters: forewing with pale brown dorsal post discal band less contrasting than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
; underside pale post discal band slightly constricted at M3, tapering abruptly in CuA1-CuA2 and becoming conspicuously thinner or even absent from CuA2 to the inner margin; hind wing underside with the discal line evenly curved and regular, extending from the costal margin to 1A; and dark post discal line straight and only slightly irregular. Tegumen larger and protruding; valva stouter and shorter, with a larger dorsal rough area. Signa dorsal; laterally, sternum VIII not fused with tergum VIII; lamella antevaginalis without process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="15" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
. Brown. Post-genal area light brown. Eye glabrous, brown. Antennae without scales at apical third, mostly light brown; club dark brown with last flagellomere light brown. Labial palpus mixed with brown and light brown, with elongated scales at first and second segment; about 1.5 times total length of eye; third segment thin, same size as first. Thorax. Uniformly brown. Legs brown; meso- and metathoracic femurs light brown on inside. Forewing, size and shape: length: 34.5-37.0 mm (n = 23). Triangular, costal margin convex, apex pointed, outer margin convex, tornus rounded, inner margin straight. Forewing upper side (Fig. 1A, C). Mostly brown, darker along outer margin. Forewing under side (Figs 1B, D). Background brown, lighter at wing base. Dark brown scales at end of discal cell and whitish on transverse veins. Dark spot at base of M2. Costal margin to external margin with reticulated markings. Apex rufous brown. Submarginal band whitish, from costal to inner margin, with reduced creamy ocelli in spaces R5-M1, M1-M2, M2-M3 and M3-CuA1; proximal border of submarginal band irregular with dark brown scaling, distal border of marginal band inconspicuous. Marginal line brown. Fringe light brown. Hind wing shape: Costal margin convex, apex rounded, external margin convex in M1-M2, projections at CuA1, CuA2 and 2A, with a developed one at M3. Inner margin curved at base, slightly straight towards tornus. Hind wing upper side (Fig. 1A, C). Mostly brown, darker along outer margin. Hind wing under side (Fig. 1B, D). Background rufous brown, discal line dark brown and irregular. Dark brown spot at base of M2. Submarginal band with reduced creamy ocelli, in spaces Rs-M1, M1-M2, M2-M3 and M3-CuA1, ocellus on CuA1-CuA2 developed. Post discal line straight and dark brown. Proximal border of submarginal band along post discal line forming a 2 mm wide reddish fascia. Distal border of marginal band inconspicuous. Marginal line brown, with distal area reddish. Fringe light brown. Abdomen. Dorsally brown, ventrally light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
Figure 1. Adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
male A dorsal view B ventral view
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
female C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
Male genitalia (Fig. 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Tegumen dorsally convex, subtriangular in lateral view, ventral projection wide; appendix angular reduced. Uncus straight, down curved at apex and dorsally keeled. Gnathos larger than uncus; straight and projected dorsally, without a ventral projection at base. Anterior projection of saccus cylindrical, length equal to tegumen. Valva subrectangular, with dorsal projections at apical third; costa developed and subtriangular; ventrally covered by setae. Aedeagus straight, thin and larger than valva; opening of aedeagus almost the total length of posterior portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Female genitalia (Fig. 7A, B). Tergum VIII squared. Papillae anales with setae at distal portion, 2/3 higher than longer, sclerotized at basal half. Sterigma sclerotized, formed by a round lamella antevaginalis and a membranous pocket between ostium bursae and papilla anales. Bursa copulatrix totally membranous, with a pair of signa dorsally; ductus bursae thinned, with apical third sclerotized, about three times length of bursa copulatrix.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
The specific epithet refers to Drogon, one of the three dragons of Daenerys Targaryen, a fictional character from the George R. R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martins">Martin's</normalizedToken>
novel &quot;A Song of Ice and Fire&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
(Fig. 8). This species occurs in southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo) at elevations from 800 to 1,500 m a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
This species has presumably not been recognized in the past because of the intrinsic phenotypic variation within
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Taygetis</taxonomicName>
and, in particular, within
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
, the most similar and probably closest species to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. The species appears cited as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Ribeiro, DB" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="15" pageNumber="26" pagination="811 - 827" title="The importance of small scales to the fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in a fragmented landscape." url="10.1007/s10531-011-0222-x" volume="21" year="2012">Ribeiro et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. In
<bibRefCitation author="Matos-Maravi, PF" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="25" pagination="54 - 68" title="Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the '' Taygetis clade' ' (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): Towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.005" volume="66" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matos-Maraví">Matos-Maravi</normalizedToken>
et al. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
PM10-02 is in fact
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
(one of the paratypes, see above). A real
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
NW 149-8) is also included in that study, and it appears as sister to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
in the phylogeny presented in that paper. The genetic distances between these two specimens in the available COI and nuclear genes provide further support for the description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>