treatments-xml/data/3F/1A/98/3F1A9854FFFEFFCCFF2DD2172158367F.xml
2024-06-21 12:34:22 +02:00

146 lines
20 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="6E8E49C29C02022EAC23E490E2CCAEA8" ID-CLB-Dataset="26581" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="110ab363-0af3-4646-a136-786744bf1b26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3239837" ID-ZooBank="509D6F1C-697D-48EC-AC51-E7ACC3B4BFA3" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1559796462368" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ahmad, Imtiaz, Rab, Navaid &amp; Bundy, C. Scott" docDate="2019" docId="3F1A9854FFFEFFCCFF2DD2172158367F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4613.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4613 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Piezodorus guildinii Westwood" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="445" masterDocId="C323E02CFFFCFFCEFFBAD33E24413050" masterDocTitle="Systematic relationship between Piezodorus guildinii and P. hybneri (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and diagnostic characters to separate species" masterLastPageNumber="462" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="445" updateTime="1698733083026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6F48E2124D11C11887B5F33C716C51B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BDC76E705B0327CB1A61D55DC43F5F09">
<mods:title id="FCCE94208B5A89457FEF9B34EF2B6140">Systematic relationship between Piezodorus guildinii and P. hybneri (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and diagnostic characters to separate species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8C1D748B86793C35DA678B2682BE6BEA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E3EA2E2B3DB3BB7CF416EB35F859AF18">
<mods:roleTerm id="41E7D91F102386ED71BF63D6542B8F69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="42FFCC64F69BA10178D375254ECDF889">Ahmad, Imtiaz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8024F2BC0C15AA7D9CAED5BDF99BC825" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E7ECF8AA3D6A09317D2678AB5A291FAE">
<mods:roleTerm id="59DA273BC8453B41BFF96651EA5D237E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FB7FD158768C74B6F5E08A2244272E27">Rab, Navaid</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DAE553E530B7E93B8B54159580CAC70E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B4DFCAFE96D6B03F1C4F1EB3FD36BB94">
<mods:roleTerm id="213AC8F7CD3705EF618FAF2245EF926A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F9E88DFF8EECC7B675268E8FE66E30DD">Bundy, C. Scott</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8D9D7993E5AA6F3A5B6DB1D5B90DF22A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="117DB10D9BB97B00948C5E501DD7A135" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D0CE410F99F12833FA3ABF232FE4BD2B">
<mods:title id="CCCF518CE8FD9D3A546CE07EAA0231E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DA285EABFA61290FDF0BC30EACDE3522">
<mods:date id="CC93CAD932F1078771F0803601F949DE">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ECB288AB6DCE2F091BB945BCC8048368" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C7330D7A53FA0851C73745F7AE830202">2019-06-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5FAD37D2F22D954BF28D97BB07CB4B12" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F4EC5724EB75781C9637679001B98F48">4613</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CF850C4404C67FE2199CC9DF46B72945" type="issue">
<mods:number id="06E54CB68A92DCD499D9F43621F19F8C">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C4496CCB3EFCE1ADD6E4A1C702CC3CDA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4E3AB70C144A44A5D249EDBBE4FDE233">443</mods:start>
<mods:end id="128CC180F4A926588A0BFC0BB3DB0E36">462</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F7F563BC3D61C15641755FEC38C0358B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7BB9EAD9610E895478E24D09859D7076" type="CLB-Dataset">26581</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8303EAB45982AD200CC8470F161031F1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="52E4D6182F5862DBF391315312A334D0" type="GBIF-Dataset">110ab363-0af3-4646-a136-786744bf1b26</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D51759BCE26C2218B90E56873AF70BC0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2B0250236BB4F3EF257F3ECCFD1BC947" type="Zenodo-Dep">3239837</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="938606E066334D0F7598F09D293C04FB" type="ZooBank">509D6F1C-697D-48EC-AC51-E7ACC3B4BFA3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3F1A9854FFFEFFCCFF2DD2172158367F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157422390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F1A9854FFFEFFCCFF2DD2172158367F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F1A9854FFFEFFCCFF2DD2172158367F" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<subSubSection id="FFA97AC9FFFEFFCCFF2DD21725D23137" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFF2DD21726663113" blockId="2.[151,551,297,360]" box="[151,551,297,324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<heading id="EC449E2EFFFEFFCCFF2DD21726663113" bold="true" box="[151,551,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="70B352C1FFFEFFCCFF2DD21726663113" authority="(Westwood)" authorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,551,297,324]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Piezodorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guildinii">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFF2DD21726663113" bold="true" box="[151,551,297,324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFF2DD21725CA3114" bold="true" box="[151,395,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Piezodorus guildinii</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFF2DD27325D23137" blockId="2.[151,551,297,360]" box="[151,403,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
(
<specimenCount id="A1B5E2CBFFFEFFCCFF1BD27024F73138" box="[161,182,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="male"></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="680897E0FFFEFFCCFF07D27325553137" box="[189,276,333,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFE98D27325CA3137" box="[290,395,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 79" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1179,1204]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,174,1167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 79. Piezodorus guildinii. Habitus images of syntype (♂). 7. Dorsal view. 8. Ventral view. 9. Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239843/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 79</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFA97AC9FFFEFFCCFE29D27A25DA3102" box="[403,411,324,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="description">
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFE29D27A25DA3102" blockId="2.[151,551,297,360]" box="[403,411,324,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFE29D27A25DA3102" bold="true" box="[403,411,324,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">5</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFA97AC9FFFEFFCCFF2DD2AA25D4342F" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFF2DD2AA25D4342F" blockId="2.[151,1437,404,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFF2DD2AA255031FF" bold="true" box="[151,273,404,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFEA0D2AB251531FF" box="[282,340,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Male</emphasis>
. Pygophore longer than broad medially in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFC6AD2AB206531FF" box="[976,1060,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1019,1044]" captionTargetBox="[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 10. Piezodorus guildinii. Pygophore. Dorsal view.AM, anteromedial margin; CO, central opening; LN, lateral notch; MN, medial notch; PA, paramere; PM, posterior margin; TA, triangular angulation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239845/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), posterolateral angles tumescent (Figs. 12 and 14), medial area weakly elevated (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFD7AD28727553183" box="[704,788,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1095,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[314,1274,1095,1651]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 14. P. guildinii. Pygophore. Ventral view (slightly tilted upward). MA, medial area; MN, medial notch; MRM, moderately reflexed margin; PLA, posterolateral angle; S7, seventh sternum; SLA, sublateral area; T7, seventh tergum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239849/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), subhexagonal (hourglass) in shape (Fig. 12), sublateral area weakly elevated either side (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFDA8D2E3262631A7" box="[530,615,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[314,1274,1095,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[314,1274,1095,1651]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 14. P. guildinii. Pygophore. Ventral view (slightly tilted upward). MA, medial area; MN, medial notch; MRM, moderately reflexed margin; PLA, posterolateral angle; S7, seventh sternum; SLA, sublateral area; T7, seventh tergum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239849/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); ventroposterior margin tumescent, weakly elevated and moderately reflexed, medial notch present, narrow, v-shaped, margin either side transversely longer than in
<taxonomicName id="70B352C1FFFEFFCCFB77D13C2101324B" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[1229,1344,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Piezodorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybneri">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFB77D13C2101324B" box="[1229,1344,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">P. hybneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, tumescence appearing to merge with posterolateral angle either side (Figs. 12 and 14); central opening in dorsal view with anteromedial margin lunate, broadly delimited either side by moderate triangular angulation, posterior margin with three notches, one broad medial v-shaped notch and one lateral small covered notch either side (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFB72D153215A32D7" box="[1224,1307,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1019,1044]" captionTargetBox="[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 10. Piezodorus guildinii. Pygophore. Dorsal view.AM, anteromedial margin; CO, central opening; LN, lateral notch; MN, medial notch; PA, paramere; PM, posterior margin; TA, triangular angulation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239845/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus (Fig. 16) with three pairs of conjunctival appendages, two dorsal, one ventral, first dorsal pair projecting posteriorly, second dorsal pair projecting anteriorly, apices acute, first pair membranous, second pair membranous with slender sclerotized plate apically, first pair longer than second pair, similar to
<taxonomicName id="70B352C1FFFEFFCCFC0ED1E4206632A3" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[948,1063,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Piezodorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybneri">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFC0ED1E4206632A3" box="[948,1063,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">P. hybneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ventral pair bilobed, upper lobe broadest medially, primarily membranous, apical margin broadly rounded except for lightly sclerotized subacute medial angulation, lower lobe relatively narrow, subacute distally, less sclerotized than upper lobe. Vesica relatively short (Figs. 1618), straight, heavily sclerotized, sometimes weakly declivent apically, reaching ca. 1/2 distance between medial margin of penial plate and lateral extensions of penial plate. Penial plate (Fig. 17) somewhat Hshaped, posterior and anterior margins curved medially, generally lightly sclerotized, lateral margins more heavily sclerotized; convex in posterior view with vesica located mediodorsally; subrectangular in dorsolateral view in basal 2/3, lateral margins gradually diverging distally, slightly converging apically, elongate and rectangular distally in dorsolateral view. Paramere (non-extracted, basal area concealed) moderately broad in basal 2/
<quantity id="704B84A7FFFEFFCCFB58D0C7214D3443" box="[1250,1292,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
lateral view, apex recurved (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFEFDD72325DD3467" box="[327,412,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1019,1044]" captionTargetBox="[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[315,1223,174,1008]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 10. Piezodorus guildinii. Pygophore. Dorsal view.AM, anteromedial margin; CO, central opening; LN, lateral notch; MN, medial notch; PA, paramere; PM, posterior margin; TA, triangular angulation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239845/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); paramere (extracted) with blade relatively short in lateral view, outer margin moderately sinuate, apex weakly recurved, corner broadly rounded, surface reflexed laterally; stem substraight in dorsal and lateral views (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFE8FD75B25C9342F" box="[309,392,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1180,1205]" captionTargetBox="[365,1223,216,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[314,1274,174,1169]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 2122. Piezodorus. Paramere. Lateral view. 21. P. guildinii. 22. P. hybneri. BL, blade; ME, membrane; ST, stem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFA97AC9FFFEFFCCFF7DD7B7215F35CF" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="description">
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFF7DD7B7215F35CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,404,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFF7DD7B7256534F3" bold="true" box="[199,292,1161,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Female.</emphasis>
Seventh abdominal sternum with posterior margin from posterolateral angle straight laterally and sublaterally, concave submedially, and weakly convex medially (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFC8CD79327C93497" box="[822,904,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 2324" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1642,1667]" captionTargetBox="[206,1388,237,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,174,1630]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 2324. Piezodorus. Terminalia (♀). 23. P. guildinii. 24. P. hybneri. GP1, first gonapophyis; GX1, first gonocoxa; GX2, second gonocoxa; PT8, eighth paratergite; PT9, ninth paratergite; PROC, proctiger; S7, seventh sternum; SP, spiracle; T8, eighth tergum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Eighth abdominal tergum ventrally moderately elevated posteriorly. First gonocoxae with posterior margin moderately exposed, weakly concave laterally, moderately convex medially. Second gonocoxae with posterior margin moderately concave. Eighth paratergite with posterior margin evenly weakly arcuate. Ninth paratergite broadly rounded distally with apex reaching ventral elevation of eighth tergum, outer margin substraight, inner margin with slight notch near distal 1/3, structure constricted at distal 1/4. Proctiger subquadrangular, clearly broader than distal 1/4 of ninth paratergite. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="2F8835C7FFFEFFCCFB28D65F20A0352B" box="[1170,1249,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 2526" captionStartId="17.[151,264,890,915]" captionTargetBox="[508,1113,187,856]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[448,1140,171,875]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 2526. Piezodorus. Spermatheca. 25. P. guildinii. 26. P. hybneri. DB, distal bulb; PB, proximal bulb." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) with distal bulb moderately constricted basally, proximal bulb distinctly larger than distal bulb and in line with distal bulb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFA97AC9FFFEFFCCFF7DD6962158367F" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B70C2942FFFEFFCCFF7DD6962158367F" blockId="2.[151,1437,404,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFF7DD69625203593" bold="true" box="[199,353,1448,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species occurs from
<collectingCountry id="CFA469D2FFFEFFCCFD3FD69727663593" box="[645,807,1449,1475]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="CFA469D2FFFEFFCCFCE1D697278B3593" box="[859,970,1449,1475]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Argentina</collectingCountry>
north through
<collectingCountry id="CFA469D2FFFEFFCCFBCBD69720863593" box="[1137,1223,1449,1475]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Mexico</collectingCountry>
into Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri, and then east to
<collectingCountry id="CFA469D2FFFEFFCCFD9BD6F3263F35B7" box="[545,638,1485,1511]" name="Georgia" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, South Carolina, and Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="D32254B3FFFEFFCCFC6AD6F320DF35B7" author="Bundy, C. S. &amp; Esquivel, J. F. &amp; Panizzi, A. R. &amp; Eger, J. E. &amp; Davis, J. A. &amp; Jones, W. A." box="[976,1182,1485,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" pagination="425 - 451" refId="ref3640" refString="Bundy, C. S., Esquivel, J. F., Panizzi, A. R., Eger, J. E., Davis, J. A. &amp; Jones, W. A. (2018) Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). In: McPherson, J. E. (Ed.), Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 425 - 451." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Bundy
<emphasis id="85C7F550FFFEFFCCFB99D6F0201435B7" box="[1059,1109,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
; present study). It also has been collected from several Caribbean Islands. Distribution records and numbers of specimens examined in the present study are given in
<tableCitation id="FA311CF9FFFEFFCCFE07D52B2650367F" box="[445,529,1557,1583]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetBox="[166,1300,219,1891]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution records and numbers of specimens examined in this study for Piezodorus guildinii and P. hybneri" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3CC79CAFFF5FFC7FF2DD3A424AC3087" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" tableUuid="E3CC79CAFFF5FFC7FF2DD3A424AC3087">Table 1</tableCitation>
. The
<typeStatus id="680897E0FFFEFFCCFDEAD52B26E6367F" box="[592,679,1557,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
was collected from
<collectingCountry id="CFA469D2FFFEFFCCFC30D52B2047367F" box="[906,1030,1557,1583]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
Island in the Caribbean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>