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<document id="E0FE00FAF3E0680472C5DCA7284B9F6A" ID-CLB-Dataset="53625" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5124.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06814fbf-9458-410e-8a6f-64d0845c8094" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6416940" ID-ZooBank="B0DABD41-5DC2-499B-B593-D58192C4D240" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649228894558" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Azevedo, Celso O. &amp; Colombo, Wesley D." docDate="2022" docId="03F94209FFCCF13F429868C2FB15F871" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5124.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5124 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sclerodermus macrogaster" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="507" masterDocId="FFC03A71FFC9F139420F6D64FFF7FF8B" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings" masterLastPageNumber="519" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1699319426007" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="658314CD2E9556B28FE45DFF43ADC9BD">
<mods:title id="AC8E4F844CDCCDBC328E74A083B2DEA1">Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4197FADE6CA0B10E5BBD1F674738DBEA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A3FFF38204FF4BB804A96EFFDEFFCCA9">
<mods:roleTerm id="C523C0A2C97A6730126D81C09D480BBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="15AF4C892890C814D3EEF0FA87EA9B86">Azevedo, Celso O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="06AA749846D8C8C5D9C252072E4E05F5" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2423-9388</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="556148A13A7B1E4DAD3E068B9246ED96">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Depto Ciências Biológicas, Vitória, ES (Brazil) &amp; bethylidae @ gmail. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2423 - 9388</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="975932A833123745AE15CCB03EEED054" type="email">bethylidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="21D7896BEA492F8E28191D481D0D7B28" type="personal">
<mods:role id="96BB415431C9071C85116B1750A355AF">
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<mods:namePart id="570B1CBDFFD634BBE75727FBADE0915A">Colombo, Wesley D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F8710BBDB8991B1B1852E502F0AE04D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8729-4635</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="03318C7C4B78D2AB820C281B8ABF8EB6">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Depto Ciências Biológicas, Vitória, ES (Brazil) &amp; wesleycolombo @ gmail. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8729 - 4635</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FCF5C7694B73751074F60ECDB458B601" type="email">wesleycolombo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C7AF7BEAD3A97EC53BCC62876D86B14F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DD49DBA2CAD108DCFD23FB92C90A5441">
<mods:date id="203C5DC98CE284C70E9E87C8223C69AF">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F4622D01E8D980658B0C74A35640CBAA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3D3B13DE7C64D1FF5167C80442355AAA">2022-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="77452F5692F0C307467F40963257DA48">5124</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51DE644EDF5F144AC9ED46AAA3659066" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F94209FFCCF13F429868C2FB15F871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6416810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194469382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6416810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F94209FFCCF13F429868C2FB15F871" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F94209FFCCF13F429868C2FB15F871" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<subSubSection id="C34AA094FFCCF13C429868C2FD43FA4B" box="[151,692,1446,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCCF13C429868C2FD43FA4B" blockId="5.[151,692,1446,1509]" box="[151,692,1446,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<heading id="D0A74473FFCCF13C429868C2FD43FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,692,1446,1473]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCCF13C429868C2FD43FA4B" authority="(Ashmead, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,692,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrogaster">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCCF13C429868C2FD43FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,692,1446,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCCF13C429868C2FE2CFA4A" bold="true" box="[151,475,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Sclerodermus macrogaster</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC18EEEFFCCF13C43E568C2FD5BFA4B" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[490,684,1446,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref10063" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1887) Studies on the North American Proctotrupidae with descriptions of new species from Florida. Entomologica Americana, 3, 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="1887">Ashmead, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34AA094FFCCF13C429868AFFF1AFA6E" box="[151,237,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCCF13C429868AFFF1AFA6E" blockId="5.[151,692,1446,1509]" box="[151,237,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<figureCitation id="136BEF9AFFCCF13C429868AFFF1AFA6E" box="[151,237,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,179,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[182,1405,179,1565]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neotropical Sclerodermus, holotype females, habitus in dorsal view. A. S. domesticus; B. S. galapagensis; C. S. iridomyrmicicola; D. S. macrogaster; E. S. spilonotum; F. S. soror; G. S. wilsoni.; H. S. chicomendesi sp. nov. Scale-bars: 100µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6416946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6416946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34AA094FFCCF13F42986B68FAC6F8CE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCCF13C42986B68FAF5F871" blockId="5.[151,1437,1548,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCCF13C42986B68FE9FF9AD" bold="true" box="[151,360,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Diagnosis, female</emphasis>
. Micropterous forms. Body
<quantity id="4CA85EFAFFCCF13C40A46B68FCE7F9AC" box="[683,784,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="3.07">3.07 mm</quantity>
long. Castaneous, propodeum lighter. Mandible with two apical teeth. Clypeus very short and truncate, apical margin curved upward medially in frontal view. Antenna thick, pedicel long, first four Antennomeres in ratio of about 17:6:2:2, flagellomeres wider than long, except last. Eye with sparse setae. Ocelli absent. Frons weakly coriaceous, nearly polished, punctures very sparse and inconspicuous. LH 1.13 WH, WF 0.5 WH, WF 1.47 HE. Vertex nearly straight. Sides of head slightly outcurved. VOL 1.32 HE. Mesoscutum 1.1 as wide as long. Metapectal-propodeal disc nearly quadrate, side subparallel, base only slightly constricted, without metapostnotal median carina and posterior transverse carina.
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCCF13C462E6B81FB0AF975" box="[1057,1277,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Micropterous forms</emphasis>
: wing slightly longer than tegula, veins absent. Profemur 2.13 as long as wide. Metasoma stout, 0.58 as long as body, apical margin of sternites IV–VI conspicuously bi-emarginated.
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCCF13C413D6A49FBEFF8CD" box="[818,1048,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Macropterous forms</emphasis>
: clypeus very short, median lobe subtrapezoidal, apical margin weakly incurved. Ocellar triangle close to vertex crest, frontal angle slightly obtuse. Vertex and sides of head slightly outcurved. Notauli poorly impressed, straight, incomplete posteriorly, parallel. Parapsidal signum short. Metapectal-propodeal disc nearly quadrate, side subparallel, without metapostnotal median carina and posterior transverse carina. Claws bifid, teeth very small. Forewing slender, with one Radial cell closed, C and 2r-rs&amp;Rs veins absent, pterostigma small, Anal vein nebulous distally, Cu vein fully nebulous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2FA397FFCFF13F42986B53FF10F91C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6416946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6416946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6416946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" startId="6.[151,250,1591,1615]" targetBox="[182,1405,179,1550]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCFF13F42986B53FF10F91C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1591,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F42986B53FEE1F9C4" bold="true" box="[151,278,1591,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F43AE6B53FDDCF9C4" authorityName="Latreille. The" authorityYear="1809" box="[417,555,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F43AE6B53FDDCF9C4" box="[417,555,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Sclerodermus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype females, habitus in dorsal view. A.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F461B6B5CFB56F9C4" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1044,1185,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domesticus">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F461B6B5CFB56F9C4" box="[1044,1185,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F46DD6B5CFA82F9C4" box="[1234,1397,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F46DD6B5CFA82F9C4" box="[1234,1397,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F42986B38FE95F9F8" box="[151,354,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridomyrmicicola">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F42986B38FE95F9F8" box="[151,354,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. iridomyrmicicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F439E6B38FDDCF9F8" box="[401,555,1628,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrogaster">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F439E6B38FDDCF9F8" box="[401,555,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. macrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F40586B38FD14F9F8" box="[599,739,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spilonotum">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F40586B38FD14F9F8" box="[599,739,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. spilonotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F41036B38FCABF9F8" box="[780,860,1628,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F41036B38FCABF9F8" box="[780,860,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. soror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F41836B38FC18F9F8" authorityName="Evans. The" authorityYear="1964" box="[908,1007,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F41836B38FC18F9F8" box="[908,1007,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. wilsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.; H.
<taxonomicName id="4C50889CFFCFF13F462A6B38FB3DF9F8" authority="Azevedo &amp; Colombo, 2022" authorityName="Azevedo &amp; Colombo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1061,1226,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chicomendesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F462A6B38FB3DF9F8" box="[1061,1226,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">S. chicomendesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F46DD6B3FFAD4F9F8" bold="true" box="[1234,1315,1627,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2179276FFCFF13F46DD6B3FFAD4F9F8" box="[1234,1315,1627,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Scale-bars: 100µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCFF13F42C86B87FAC6F8CE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1763,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F42C86B87FE72F976" bold="true" box="[199,389,1763,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Diagnosis, male</emphasis>
. Hypopygium with spiculum slighlty short than plate, lateral stalk absent, posterior margin outcurved. Genitalia: harpe divided in two arms, dorsal arm longer and much narrower than ventral arm; cuspis wide, apical margin incurved; aedeagus somewhat diamond-shaped, with of pair of rounded apical lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34AA094FFCFF13F42C86A2BFB54F8E2" box="[199,1187,1870,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCFF13F42C86A2BFB54F8E2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1763,2042]" box="[199,1187,1870,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F42C86A2BFE5EF8E2" bold="true" box="[199,425,1871,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B38F942FFCFF13F43B86A2BFB54F8E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3747936309" box="[439,1187,1870,1897]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Fl" municipality="Jacks" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EB4DBDFFCFF13F43B86A2BFDE8F8E2" box="[439,543,1871,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D563896FFCFF13F40286A2BFDC9F8E2" box="[551,574,1871,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: [
<collectingCountry id="F347B38FFFCFF13F405D6A2AFD53F8E2" box="[594,676,1870,1897]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
],
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F40B76A2BFCD3F8E2" box="[696,804,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<location id="8E8FA5C4FFCFF13F40B76A2BFD26F8E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F94209FFCCF13F429868C2FB15F871:8E8FA5C4FFCFF13F40B76A2BFD26F8E2" box="[696,721,1871,1897]" country="United States of America" municipality="Jacks" name="Fl" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Fl</location>
[orid]a
</emphasis>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8B6965FFCFF13F413E6A2AFC86F8E2" box="[817,881,1870,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Jacks</collectingMunicipality>
[o]nville (
<collectionCode id="ED416BDAFFCFF13F41D26A2BFBC5F8E2" box="[989,1074,1871,1897]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
, #14049).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34AA094FFCFF13F42C86A17FB15F871" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEFF31FFFCFF13F42C86A17FB15F871" blockId="6.[151,1437,1763,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<emphasis id="B9242F0DFFCFF13F42C86A17FEC3F806" bold="true" box="[199,308,1907,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Remarks</emphasis>
. The original description was based on one single supposedly apterous female from
<collectingRegion id="49943DFDFFCFF13F46FF6A17FAB3F806" box="[1264,1348,1907,1933]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F347B38FFFCFF13F475F6A17FF2DF83A" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC18EEEFFCFF13F42E46AF3FE6AF83A" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[235,413,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref10063" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1887) Studies on the North American Proctotrupidae with descriptions of new species from Florida. Entomologica Americana, 3, 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="1887">Ashmead 1887</bibRefCitation>
). After that,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC18EEEFFCFF13F403E6AF3FD13F83A" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[561,740,1943,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" refId="ref13544" refString="Wheeler, W. M. 1928. The social insects: their origin and evolution. Harcourt Brace and Co., New York, 378 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140774" type="book" year="1928">Wheeler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
reared this species in a laboratory and was able to get both apterous and, more rarely, macropterous females, and both macropterous and even more rarely apterous males. The diagnoses of the male and the macropterous female are based on figures of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC18EEEFFCFF13F41EC6ABBFB85F872" author="Evans, H. E." box="[995,1138,2015,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref11126" refString="Evans, H. E. (1964) A synopsis of the American Bethylidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 132, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1964">Evans (1964</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 175).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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