198 lines
25 KiB
XML
198 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6E6489753C73E1BD950E46921BF88E7A">Emerging global novelty in phyllobothriidean tapeworms (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) from sharks and skates (Elasmobranchii)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF217D6FC6C4BEF212AF739AF59B9CBC">Caira, Janine N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB73749FC58C5CC006F5FDD4AE968275">Bueno, Veronica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BE49251EA0A9FD0325007EBAE4109D3">Jensen, Kirsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B83DCE8A5F72107AE496234EEA68831C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E22D4AAD3422E6493CAFE5ABAAE949F0">2021-02-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F92F0ABE4AFFF1FC2EFB7FFBE05DB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753515" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191139099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5753515" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9518EC43-EC41-4B3B-AF5C-C0C03F180D9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F92F0ABE4AFFF1FC2EFB7FFBE05DB9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1342" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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<subSubSection id="C34ACD97BE4AFFF3FC2EFB7FFC3C5821" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE4AFFF3FC2EFB7FFAEB59BD" blockId="4.[957,1312,1254,1278]" box="[957,1312,1254,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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<heading id="D0A72970BE4AFFF3FC2EFB7FFAEB59BD" box="[957,1312,1254,1278]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE4AFFF3FC2EFB7FFB6A59BE" ID-CoL="8TG4N" authority="Caira & Bueno & Jensen, 2021" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[957,1185,1254,1277]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">RUHNKEBOTHRIUM</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE4AFFF3FB3AFB73FAEB59BD" bold="true" box="[1193,1312,1254,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217FF75BE4AFFF3FB3AFB73FAEB59BD" box="[1193,1312,1254,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" rank="genus">GEN. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE4AFFF3FCA8FAB6FC3C5821" blockId="4.[827,1443,1326,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE4AFFF3FCA8FAB6FBF35807" box="[827,1080,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uuid id="FFF6A4C9BE4AFFF3FBD6FAB7FC385821" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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9518EC43-EC41-4B3B-AF5C- C0C03F180D
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<specimenCount id="9D565595BE4AFFF3FC45FAD4FC385821" box="[982,1011,1357,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" type="generic">9F</specimenCount>
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</uuid>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34ACD97BE4AFFF1FCA8FA14FBE05DB9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1342" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE4AFFF1FCA8FA14FDA65F29" blockId="4.[827,1443,1420,1902]" lastBlockId="6.[163,779,197,618]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1342" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE4AFFF3FCA8FA14FC7958E1" box="[827,946,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1340">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Worms euapolytic, acraspedote. Scolex with four bothridia; cephalic peduncle and myzorhynchus lacking; neck present. Bothridia consisting of small, simple anterior loculus and expansive, highly folded posterior loculus. Scolex with slender gladiate or cyrillionate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches; slender band of papilliform filitriches on distal surface of bothridial rim. Neck and strobila scutellate. Immature proglottids wider than long; mature proglottids longer than wide. Testes numerous, extending throughout most of proglottid; post-ovarian field absent. Vas deferens minimal. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating; genital atrium shallow. Cirrus sac narrowly oblong or pyriform, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Vagina weakly sinuous, extending from ootype along midline of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus; vaginal sphincter absent; seminal receptacle present. Ovary H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section; ovarian margins lobulate or digitiform. Vitellarium follicular; follicles in two lateral bands; each band consisting of multiple columns of follicles, extending length of proglottid, usually interrupted dorsally and ventrally by terminal genitalia, not interrupted by ovary. Uterus medial, ventral, sacciform, extending from anterior margin of ovary to level of cirrus sac. Excretory vessels 4, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair on each lateral margin of proglottid. Parasites of hammerhead sharks (
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FF6DFDCDFE7C5F29" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" box="[254,439,596,618]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Sphyrnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sphyrnidae Gill</taxonomicName>
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). Cosmopolitan.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2FCE94BE4BFFF2FF02F95FFC545ACE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5762067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5762067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5762067/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341" startId="5.[145,222,1734,1756]" targetBox="[189,1380,198,1695]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE4BFFF2FF02F95FFC545ACE" blockId="5.[145,1425,1734,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[145,1169,1911,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE4BFFF2FF02F95FFF3C5B9F" bold="true" box="[145,247,1734,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Phylogenetic tree resulting from maximum likelihood analysis of the D1–D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene for new genera and all but three valid genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE4BFFF2FDAFF97DFD265BB9" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[572,749,1764,1786]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Phyllobothriidea</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar indicates number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Nodes with bootstrap support values ≥ 90% are indicated with open circles. Labels of tips of taxa in new genera are presented as cestode name, host name and unique host specimen number and GenBank accession number in parentheses. Labels of tips of other taxa are presented as cestode name, as modified by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE4BFFF2FCD0F8A5FBDA5A11" author="Caira JN & Jensen K & Hayes C & Ruhnke TR" box="[835,1041,1852,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341" pagination="132" refId="ref17650" refString="Caira JN, Jensen K, Hayes C, Ruhnke TR. 2020 b. Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion of Scyphyophyllidum and formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera - at last! Journal of Helminthology 94: e 132." type="journal article" year="2020">
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Caira
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE4BFFF2FC15F8A4FC705A11" box="[902,955,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
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(2020b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and GenBank accession number in parentheses. New sequences are indicated in bold. New genera are indicated with coloured rectangles. Taxa parasitizing non- shark chondrichthyans are indicated with black host icons on their branches.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE48FFF1FF30FD0FFD785FE8" blockId="6.[163,691,662,683]" box="[163,691,662,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FD0FFD925FE8" box="[163,601,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<typeStatus id="54EB20BEBE48FFF1FF30FD0FFF135FE8" box="[163,216,662,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FEACFD0FFD925FE8" authority="Caira & Bueno & Jensen, 2021" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[319,601,662,683]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mattisi" status="sp. nov.">Ruhnkebothrium mattisi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217FF75BE48FFF1FDF3FD0FFD785FE8" box="[608,691,662,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE48FFF1FF30FD4EFCC25FAE" blockId="6.[163,777,727,749]" box="[163,777,727,749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FD4EFD645FAF" box="[163,687,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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Additional species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FE17FD4EFD645FAF" authority="Caira & Bueno & Jensen, 2021" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[388,687,727,748]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bajaense" status="sp. nov.">Ruhnkebothrium bajaense</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217FF75BE48FFF1FD25FD41FCC25FAE" box="[694,777,728,749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE48FFF1FF30FC80FEA95E8B" blockId="6.[163,779,793,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FC80FEE15E6D" box="[163,298,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Etymology:</emphasis>
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This genus honours Dr Tim Ruhnke, whose keen insight into the taxonomic complexity of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FF43FCCEFE595E2E" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[208,402,855,877]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Phyllobothriidea</taxonomicName>
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has led to key advancements in the systematics of the members of this order.
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FD0EFCECFCC05EC9" box="[669,779,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Bothrium</emphasis>
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is derived from the Greek βοθριων, a well or pit. The gender is neuter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE48FFF1FF30FC6DFE09596A" blockId="6.[163,778,1012,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FC6DFEBB5949" box="[163,368,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Provisional name:</emphasis>
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New genus 10 of Caira
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FD16FC6CFD76594A" box="[645,701,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FF47FB8AFE70596A" author="Ruhnke TR & Caira JN & Pickering M" box="[212,443,1043,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="305 - 326" refId="ref19141" refString="Ruhnke TR, Caira JN, Pickering M. 2017. Phyllobothriidea Caira, Jensen, Waeschenbach, Olson & Littlewood, 2014. In: Caira JN, Jensen K, eds. Planetary biodiversity inventory (2008 - 2017): tapeworms from vertebrate bowels of the earth. Special publication no. 25. Lawrence: University of Kansas, Natural History Museum, 305 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2017">
|
||
Ruhnke
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||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FEA6FB8DFEA6596B" box="[309,365,1043,1065]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF9E1CBE48FFF1FF30FBCBFBE05DB9" blockId="6.[163,779,1106,1894]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1442,197,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">
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<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FBCBFEDA5924" box="[163,273,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Among the 18 genera of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FDD4FBCBFCC0592B" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[583,779,1106,1128]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Phyllobothriidea</taxonomicName>
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||
considered valid (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FE2AFBE9FD7859C5" author="Ruhnke TR & Caira JN & Pickering M" box="[441,691,1136,1158]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="305 - 326" refId="ref19141" refString="Ruhnke TR, Caira JN, Pickering M. 2017. Phyllobothriidea Caira, Jensen, Waeschenbach, Olson & Littlewood, 2014. In: Caira JN, Jensen K, eds. Planetary biodiversity inventory (2008 - 2017): tapeworms from vertebrate bowels of the earth. Special publication no. 25. Lawrence: University of Kansas, Natural History Museum, 305 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2017">
|
||
Ruhnke
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FDB6FBE8FDAE59C6" box="[549,613,1136,1158]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FD55FBE9FEFC59E6" author="Caira JN & Jensen K & Hayes C & Ruhnke TR" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="132" refId="ref17650" refString="Caira JN, Jensen K, Hayes C, Ruhnke TR. 2020 b. Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion of Scyphyophyllidum and formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera - at last! Journal of Helminthology 94: e 132." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Caira
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30FB09FF1459E7" box="[163,223,1167,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FEDCFB16FDD159E7" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[335,538,1167,1188]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FEDCFB16FDD159E7" box="[335,538,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Ruhnkebothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all but one in that, rather than bearing bothridia that are essentially oval in form, it bears bothridia that are narrow anteriorly and extensive and highly folded posteriorly. In addition, rather than an apical sucker, each bothridium bears an anterior loculus. In both respects, the bothridia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FE42FADEFD52581F" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[465,665,1351,1372]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FE42FADEFD52581F" box="[465,665,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Ruhnkebothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FE9AFAFFFD485838" authority="Linton, 1890" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[265,643,1382,1404]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Thysanocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FE9AFAFFFE2B5838" box="[265,480,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Thysanocephalum</emphasis>
|
||
Linton, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The scolex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FF57FA1DFE6E58DA" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[196,421,1412,1433]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Thysanocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF57FA1DFE6E58DA" box="[196,421,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Thysanocephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered historically to consist of four small bothridia followed by an elaborately folded structure referred to varyingly as a ‘pseudoscolex’ (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FEE6FA79FDC958B5" author="Linton E" box="[373,514,1504,1526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="543 - 556" refId="ref18522" refString="Linton E. 1892. The anatomy of Thysanocephalum crispum, Linton, a parasite of the tiger shark. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1888. Washington: Government Printing Office, 543 - 556." type="book chapter" year="1892">Linton, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 544) or a ‘metascolex’ (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FF4BF999FEAB5B56" author="Euzet L" box="[216,352,1535,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" refId="ref18112" refString="Euzet L. 1959. Recherches sur les cestodes tetraphyllides des selaciens des cotes de France. Unpublished Docteur des Sciences Naturelles Thesis, Universite de Montpellier." type="book" year="1959">Euzet, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 136). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FDA9FA66FCC05B56" author="Caira JN & Jensen K & Healy CJ" box="[570,779,1535,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="77 - 151" refId="ref17705" refString="Caira JN, Jensen K, Healy CJ. 1999. On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Systematic Parasitology 42: 77 - 151." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Caira
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FD11F999FD705B57" box="[642,699,1535,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
determined that the entire structure constitutes the scolex, which bears four extensive bothridia, each of which consists of a narrow anterior loculus and a broad, highly folded posterior loculus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FDB1F9E3FD265BCC" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[546,749,1658,1679]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FDB1F9E3FD265BCC" box="[546,749,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Ruhnkebothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FE44F901FD675BEE" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[471,684,1688,1709]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Thysanocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FE44F901FD675BEE" box="[471,684,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Thysanocephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that its uterus extends only to the cirrus sac, rather than to the anterior margin of the proglottid and in that the surface of its neck bears scutes rather than elaborate leaf-like folds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1E3EDBE48FFF1FEC2F88AFDD15A6B" author="Caira JN & Jensen K & Healy CJ" box="[337,538,1811,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" pagination="77 - 151" refId="ref17705" refString="Caira JN, Jensen K, Healy CJ. 1999. On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Systematic Parasitology 42: 77 - 151." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Caira
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FE09F88DFE1F5A6B" box="[410,468,1811,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FF30F8ABFEBF5A04" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[163,372,1842,1863]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Thysanocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FF30F8ABFEBF5A04" box="[163,372,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Thysanocephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the proximal and distal bothridial surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50E59FBE48FFF1FEA7F8C9FDCF5A26" authorityName="Caira & Bueno & Jensen" authorityYear="2021" box="[308,516,1872,1893]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Ruhnkebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924420EBE48FFF1FEA7F8C9FDCF5A26" box="[308,516,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1342">Ruhnkebothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear slender, simple gladiate or cyrillionate spinitriches rather than serrate gladiate spinitriches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |