275 lines
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275 lines
37 KiB
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<document id="EACBB9C1C13CE7E5588ACE9DD724F3C4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195113" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac79dfcb-3922-4aaf-8bfd-f5679b18b704" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195113" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460222376162" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dubois, Alain & Bour, Roger" docDate="2010" docId="03D887CCFFE0FFA924FBFCA0FE7CFDC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02447p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2447" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rana viridis Garsault 1764" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE1FFB4FFFAFFB2246CFF97FFFAFFEE" masterDocTitle="The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698237917713" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2D772029D43E48B2D51E85376D6C12B6">The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4221BF7D53F31BD7869385AEEA7F448C">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="602F59E106F4543D02818D326B1B203F">Bour, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E928BD451C81F0B28ADCD9F0D6F9D0BC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E7906D710EE151538000663CB3814E83">
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<mods:date id="7C589203D06DFFF747409057203372A3">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2D0D9F9BF2BEB76AE2C7E0C78588477B">2447</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14B71246E4D11E269E93DF8C05CE0CFA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6303CE48FAE4D3661B1504B3E522AE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">195113</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D887CCFFE0FFA924FBFCA0FE7CFDC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123206233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887CCFFE0FFA924FBFCA0FE7CFDC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887CCFFE0FFA924FBFCA0FE7CFDC9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C36B6551FFE0FFA824FBFCA0FBAAFADA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE0FFA824FBFCA0FE13FCBF" blockId="26.[151,489,823,849]" box="[151,489,823,849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D08681B6FFE0FFA824FBFCA0FE13FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,489,823,849]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA824FBFCA0FE13FCBF" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[151,489,823,849]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA824FBFCA0FE13FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,489,823,849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA824FBFCA0FED0FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,298,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana viridis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8255DFCA0FE13FCBF" author="Garsault" box="[305,489,823,849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE0FFA824FBFC17FBAAFADA" blockId="26.[151,1437,896,2004]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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The plate 671 of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82505FC17FDD0FC74" author="Garsault" box="[361,554,896,922]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault (1764)</bibRefCitation>
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shows his
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA826DEFC17FCB2FC77" box="[690,840,896,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA826DEFC17FCB2FC77" box="[690,840,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or “Grenouille verte”. For the reasons discussed above in the
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82540FC32FD8DFC50" box="[300,631,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nomenclatural methodology</emphasis>
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, we consider that the generic nomen
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA82045FC32FB9DFC50" box="[1065,1127,933,958]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82045FC32FB9DFC50" box="[1065,1127,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is simply that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8215CFC32FED9FC0A" author="Linnaeus" pageId="26" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 196)</bibRefCitation>
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. The plate shows an apparently adult specimen (presumably male) on land, a male and a female
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA821E9FC5DFF11FBE7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">in copula</emphasis>
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in water, and a tadpole in water. These specimens are altogether symphoronts (
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<typeStatus id="54CA8878FFE0FFA820A0FC67FAC6FBE4" box="[1228,1340,1008,1034]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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) of this nominal species. In order to avoid potential ambiguities due to the fact that the tadpole cannot be allocated to a species or even to a genus, we hereby designate the female specimen shown in amplexus, now lost, as the lectophoront (
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<typeStatus id="54CA8878FFE0FFA82556FBF7FE53FB94" box="[314,425,1120,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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) of the nomen
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA82636FBF7FC5BFB94" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[602,929,1120,1146]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82636FBF7FD10FB97" box="[602,746,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana viridis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8269DFBF7FC5BFB94" author="Garsault" box="[753,929,1120,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The drawings on this plate are not of good quality, especially if compared with other drawings of Garsault, but nevertheless they clearly apply to the group of “green frogs” or “water frogs”, currently referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA827E8FB3CFB31FB2A" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[900,1227,1194,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA827E8FB3CFBF1FB2A" box="[900,1035,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pelophylax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82078FB3DFB31FB2A" author="Fitzinger" box="[1044,1227,1194,1220]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Fitzinger, L. J. F. J. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae, Braumuller & Seidel, 1 - 106 + i - ix." type="book chapter" year="1843">Fitzinger, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(family
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA82158FB3CFE18FB04" authority="Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814" authorityName="Rafinesque-Schmaltz" authorityYear="1814" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82158FB3CFA66FB2A" box="[1332,1436,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">RANIDAE</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA824FBFB47FE18FB04" author="Rafinesque-Schmaltz" box="[151,482,1232,1258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="44" refString="Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. S. (1814) Fine del Prodromo d'erpetologia siciliana. Specchio delle Scienze o Giornale enciclopedico di Sicilia, 2 (10), 102 - 104." type="journal article" year="1814">Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), a taxon considered by some (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA827E3FB47FBD0FB04" author="Dubois" box="[911,1066,1232,1258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="38" refString="Dubois, A. (1992) Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens, Anoures). Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon, 61 (10), 305 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">Dubois 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8205BFB47FB8FFB04" author="Dubois" box="[1079,1141,1232,1258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="38" refString="Dubois, A. (1998) List of European species of amphibians and reptiles: will we soon be reaching " stability "? Amphibia- Reptilia, 19 (1), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA820EEFB47FB36FB07" author="Dubois" box="[1154,1228,1232,1258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="38" refString="Dubois, A. (2005 b) Amphibia Mundi. 1.1. An ergotaxonomy of recent amphibians. Alytes, 23 (1 - 2), 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">
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2005
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA820D1FB47FB36FB07" box="[1213,1228,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA820B0FB47FF22FAE1" author="Dubois" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (1995) Frogs of the subgenus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Anura, genus Rana): a catalogue of available and valid scientific names, with comments on name-bearing types, complete synonymies, proposed common names, and maps showing all type localities. Zoologica polonica, " 1994 ", 39, 139 - 204." type="journal article" year="1995">Dubois & Ohler 1995</bibRefCitation>
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) as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA825A5FB62FD24FAE1" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[457,734,1269,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA825A5FB62FDF6FAE0" box="[457,524,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82678FB62FD24FAE1" author="Linnaeus" box="[532,734,1269,1295]" pageId="26" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and by others (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82783FB62FB4AFAE1" author="Fei" box="[1007,1200,1269,1295]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Fei, L, Ye, C. & Huang, Y. (1990) Key to Chinese Amphibia. Chongqing, Editions of Sciences and Techniques, [i - iv] + 1 - 2 + 1 - 364. [In Chinese]." type="book chapter" year="1990">
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Fei
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA8204DFB62FB99FAE0" box="[1057,1123,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA820D2FB62FA62FAE1" author="Frost" box="[1214,1432,1269,1295]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Frost D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bazin, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 297, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Frost
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82165FB62FAB1FAE0" box="[1289,1355,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA824FBFA8DFE13FADA" author="Speybroeck" box="[151,489,1306,1332]" pageId="26" pageNumber="45" refString="Speybroeck, J. & Crochet, P. - A. (2007) Species list of the European herpetofauna - a tentative update. Podarcis, 8 (1 - 2), 8 - 34." type="journal article" year="2007">Speybroeck & Crochet 2007</bibRefCitation>
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; Lescure 2008;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA826CFFA8DFC99FADA" author="Bour" box="[675,867,1306,1332]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Bour, R., Cheylan, M., Crochet, P. - A., Geniez, P., Guyetant, R., Haffner, P., Ineich, I., Naulleau, G., Ohler, A. - M & Lescure, J. (2008) Liste taxinomique actualisee des Amphibiens et Reptiles de France. Bulletin de la Societe herpetologique de France, 126, 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Bour
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82689FA8CFCE5FADA" box="[741,799,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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) as a distinct genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6551FFE0FFA924AAFAD7FE7CFDC9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE0FFA824AAFAD7FAC6F9D4" blockId="26.[151,1437,896,2004]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Two taxa of green frogs at least were present in the Paris region in historical times. The first one is a species, currently known as
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA8259EFAF2FC2FFA91" authority="Camerano, 1882" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1882" box="[498,981,1381,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonae">
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<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA8259EFAF2FD16FA90" box="[498,748,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pelophylax lessonae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82690FAF2FC36FA91" author="Camerano" box="[764,972,1381,1407]" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" refString="Camerano, L. (1882) Recherches sur les variations de la Rana esculenta et du Bufo viridis dans le bassin de la Mediterranee. Comptes rendus de la Societe francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, 10, 680 - 692." type="journal article" year="1882">Camerano, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the second one is a klepton (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA824FBFA1DFE3BFA4A" author="Dubois" box="[151,449,1418,1444]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Dubois, A. & Gunther, R. (1982) Klepton and synklepton: two new evolutionary systematics categories in zoology. Zoologische Jahrbucher: Systematik, 109, 290 - 305." type="journal article" year="1982">Dubois & Günther 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA825A2FA1DFD83FA4A" author="Dubois" box="[462,633,1418,1444]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Dubois, A. (2008 b) Droles d'especes. Hybridation, perturbations de la meiose et speciation dans le regne animal: quelques points delicats de terminologie, d'eidonomie et de nomenclature. In: D. Prat, A. Raynal-Roques & A. Roguenant (Ed.), Peut-on classer le vivant? Linne et la systematique aujourd'hui, Paris, Belin, 169 - 202." type="book chapter" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
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Dubois 2008
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82606FA1CFD83FA4A" box="[618,633,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">b</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA826E5FA1DFD28FA4A" author="Dubois" box="[649,722,1418,1444]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Dubois, A. (2009 c) Qu'est-ce qu'une espece animale? In: Aller a l'espece: illusion ou necessite, Memoires de la Societe entomologique de France, 8, 9 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="c">
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|
2009
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA826A9FA1CFD28FA4A" box="[709,722,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">c</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), currently known as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA827B2FA1CFB9CFA4A" box="[990,1126,1419,1444]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA827B2FA1CFB9CFA4A" box="[990,1126,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pelophylax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
kl.
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA820F9FA1CFAE9FA4A" box="[1173,1299,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">esculentus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82148FA1DFF23FA24" author="Linnaeus" pageId="26" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Other taxa of green frogs, including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA826DFFA27FB84FA24" authority="Pallas, 1771" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1771" box="[691,1150,1456,1482]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridibundus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA826DFFA27FC30FA27" box="[691,970,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pelophylax ridibundus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA827B7FA27FB8FFA24" author="Pallas" box="[987,1141,1456,1482]" pageId="26" pageNumber="43" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1771) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs. Erster Theil. Physicalische Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs im 1768 und 1769 sten Jahr. Sankt Petersburg. Kaiserliche Academie der Wissenshaften, i - xii + 1 - 504, pl. 1 - 11 + A - L." type="journal article" year="1771">Pallas, 1771</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and triploid hybrids of uncertain taxonomic status (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8258DFA42FD53FA01" author="Polls" box="[481,681,1493,1519]" pageId="26" pageNumber="44" refString="Polls Pelaz, M. (1991) The Biological Klepton Concept (BKC). Alytes, " 1989 - 1990 ", 8 (3 - 4), 78 - 89." type="journal article" year="1991">Polls Pelaz 1991</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA826DAFA42FD0FFA01" author="Pelaz" box="[694,757,1493,1519]" pageId="26" pageNumber="44" refString="Polls Pelaz, M. (1994) Modes of gametogenesis among kleptons of the hybridogenetic water frog complex: an evolutionary synthesis. Zoologica Poloniae, 39 (3 - 4), 123 - 138." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), were found in this region in the recent decades, but they might result from transportation and introduction by man, so it seems more reasonable and preferable to consider that the frogs observed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82655F9B7FD0BF9D4" author="Garsault" box="[569,753,1568,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault (1764)</bibRefCitation>
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|
belonged in one of the first two taxa listed above.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE0FFA824AAF9D2FCDEF841" blockId="26.[151,1437,896,2004]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|
Although simple morphometric characters measured on specimens allow a good distinction between the two taxa
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82569F9FCFE7BF96A" box="[261,385,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">esculentus</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA825D1F9FCFDD9F96A" box="[445,547,1643,1668]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA825D1F9FCFDD9F96A" box="[445,547,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lessonae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8265FF9FDFD36F96A" author="Berger" box="[563,716,1642,1668]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Berger, L. (1964) Is Rana esculenta lessonae Camerano a distinct species? Annales zoologici, 22, 245 - 261." type="journal article" year="1964">Berger 1964</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA826B5F9FDFCEDF96A" author="Berger" box="[729,791,1642,1668]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Berger, L. (1966) Biometrical studies on the population of green frogs from the environs of Poznan. Annales zoologici, 23, 303 - 324." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82748F9FDFC99F96A" author="Berger" box="[804,867,1642,1668]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Berger, L. (1970) Some characteristics of the crosses within Rana esculenta complex in postlarval development. Annales zoologici, 27, 373 - 416." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), they cannot be applied here because the frogs shown on the figure stand at an oblique angle, and cannot be measured even roughly, not been orthogonal relative to the observer (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA82584F922FD3BF921" author="Hayek" box="[488,705,1717,1743]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Hayek, L. - A. C., Heyer, W. R. & Gascon, C. (2001) Frog morphometrics: a cautionary tale. Alytes, 18 (3 - 4), 153 - 177." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|
Hayek
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82651F922FD83F920" box="[573,633,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2001
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Nevertheless, the hind legs of the three adults shown in this plate appear rather long, more similar to those of
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82690F94CFC86F91A" box="[764,892,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">esculentus</emphasis>
|
|
than those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA82041F94CFB6CF91A" box="[1069,1174,1755,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82041F94CFB6CF91A" box="[1069,1174,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lessonae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Besides, the spotted dorsums of the two males remind more
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82614F897FD0FF8F7" box="[632,757,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">esculentus</emphasis>
|
|
than breeding males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA82075F897FB7AF8F7" box="[1049,1152,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA82075F897FB7AF8F7" box="[1049,1152,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lessonae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which usually are little spotted. Finally, the amplecting female shows no dark lines on the flanks, whereas such lines are usually wellmarked in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA8257AF8DCFE81F88A" box="[278,379,1867,1892]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA8257AF8DCFE81F88A" box="[278,379,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lessonae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
females. These characters tend to support allocation of the nomen
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA820FBF8DCFF28F864" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA820FBF8DCFAD3F88A" box="[1175,1321,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana viridis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA8215DF8DDFF28F864" author="Garsault" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE0FFA825A4F8E7FCC5F864" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[456,831,1904,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE0FFA825A4F8E7FD87F867" box="[456,637,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rana esculenta</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE0FFA826E9F8E7FCC5F864" author="Linnaeus" box="[645,831,1904,1930]" pageId="26" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The last character mentioned is probably the most reliable one, which explains our choice of lectophoront.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE0FFA924AAF82DFD75FE59" blockId="26.[151,1437,896,2004]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|
There is a second reason for adopting this interpretation. If this nomen was referred to the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA924FBFF0FFEB1FF5F" box="[151,331,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA924FBFF0FFEB1FF5F" box="[151,331,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana esculenta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA9253EFF0FFD4EFF5C" authority="Camerano, 1882" authorityName="Camerano" authorityYear="1882" box="[338,692,152,178]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="esculenta" variety="lessonae">
|
|
var.
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA925E8FF0FFE13FF5F" box="[388,489,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lessonae</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA9259CFF0FFD4EFF5C" author="Camerano" box="[496,692,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="37" refString="Camerano, L. (1882) Recherches sur les variations de la Rana esculenta et du Bufo viridis dans le bassin de la Mediterranee. Comptes rendus de la Societe francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, 10, 680 - 692." type="journal article" year="1882">Camerano, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, it would have priority over the latter, that has been in wide use in the literature in hundreds of publications. Validation of the latter nomen would then require to make use of Article 23.9.1 of the
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA925E6FF75FE32FF15" box="[394,456,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Code</emphasis>
|
|
. On the other hand, if
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA926BCFF75FBEEFF12" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[720,1044,226,252]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA926BCFF75FC9BFF15" box="[720,865,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana viridis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA92704FF75FBEEFF12" author="Garsault" box="[872,1044,226,252]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sunk in the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA92132FF75FE32FECC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA92132FF75FEFDFECF" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana esculenta</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA92562FE9FFE32FECC" author="Linnaeus" box="[270,456,264,290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, it does not create any nomenclatural problem. So we here adopt provisionally the latter solution. This allows to place this nomen in synonymy, but it is provisional as based only on interpretations that could be challenged by other colleagues. In order for it to become definitive, a female specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA92558FEEFFE47FE7F" box="[308,445,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA92558FEEFFE47FE7F" box="[308,445,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pelophylax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
kl.
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA92583FEEFFD94FE7F" box="[495,622,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">esculentus</emphasis>
|
|
from the Paris region will have to be described and designated as neophoront of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA9252FFE0AFD70FE59" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[323,650,413,439]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA9252FFE0AFE29FE58" box="[323,467,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana viridis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA925B7FE0AFD70FE59" author="Garsault" box="[475,650,413,439]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE36DAFFE1FFA924AAFE55FE7CFDC9" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|
The nomen
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA92539FE55FD64FE32" authority="Garsault, 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[341,670,450,476]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA92539FE55FE1DFE35" box="[341,487,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana viridis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA92583FE55FD64FE32" author="Garsault" box="[495,670,450,476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Garsault, F. A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, decrits dans la Matiere Medicale de Mr. Geoffroy Medecin. Paris, [i - v] + 1 - 20, pl. 644 - 729." type="book chapter" year="1764">Garsault, 1764</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a senior hadromonym (primary homonym) and doxisonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA924FBFE7FFDB5FDEC" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1841" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,591,488,514]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA924FBFE7FFEDCFDEF" box="[151,294,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana viridis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA92541FE7FFDB5FDEC" author="Dumeril" box="[301,591,488,514]" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Dumeril, A. - M. - C. & Bibron G. (1841) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome 8. Paris, Roret, i - vii + 1 - 792." type="journal article" year="1841">Duméril & Bibron, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an invalid junior isonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C714D59FFE1FFA927F1FE7FFAF1FDEC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[925,1291,488,514]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B905EAC8FFE1FFA927F1FE7FFBABFDEF" box="[925,1105,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rana esculenta</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA9203BFE7FFAF1FDEC" author="Linnaeus" box="[1111,1291,488,514]" pageId="27" pageNumber="42" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, [i - iv] + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B2BFFE1FFA9212BFE7FFEC4FDC9" author="Dubois" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (1995) Frogs of the subgenus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Anura, genus Rana): a catalogue of available and valid scientific names, with comments on name-bearing types, complete synonymies, proposed common names, and maps showing all type localities. Zoologica polonica, " 1994 ", 39, 139 - 204." type="journal article" year="1995">Dubois & Ohler 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 160).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |