156 lines
13 KiB
XML
156 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="9B82C3E2060E5A88828713B6E87E4435" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Phyllanthus emblica L. (= Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>102</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>341</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182395893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B82C3E2060E5A88828713B6E87E4435" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B82C3E2060E5A88828713B6E87E4435" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="9B82C3E2-060E-5A88-8287-13B6E87E4435" authority="L. (= Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)" authorityName="L. (= Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus emblica" order="Malpighiales" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emblica">Phyllanthus emblica L. (= Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="names">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Names.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Myanmar</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">chay-ahkya</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">chyahkya</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">set-kalwe</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">set-thalwe</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">shabyu</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">tasha</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">taya</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">zee-hpyu</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">zibyu</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">htakyu</emphasis>
|
|
(Kachin),
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">ku-hlu</emphasis>
|
|
(Chin),
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">sot-talwe</emphasis>
|
|
(Mon),
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">hkam mai</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">mai-mak-hkam</emphasis>
|
|
(Shan).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">English</emphasis>
|
|
: emblic, Indian-gooseberry, myrobalan.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="range">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Range.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Tropical and temperate Asia. Found growing naturally throughout Myanmar, but more commonly in Upper Myanmar and temperate regions.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="uses">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
|
Sweet, sour, and astringent in taste, with cooling properties to control agitation, promote circulation, and calm
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“heat”">"heat"</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Whole plant</emphasis>
|
|
: A laxative. Preparations of the fruits, leaves, and seeds are used to aid digestion and urinary function. A decoction of the five parts (stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and root) is taken to cure diabetes.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Bark</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Root</emphasis>
|
|
: astringent.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Leaf</emphasis>
|
|
: A decoction reduced to one-third the starting volume is used as a mouthwash for cracks on the tongue and inside the mouth, as well as for gum
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="134" pageNumber="135" start="start">boils</pageBreakToken>
|
|
and gingivitis. Young leaves are eaten with rice vinegar or with nipa palm vinegar (made from the sap of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nypa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nypa fruticans" order="Principes" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fruticans">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Nypa fruticans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) to alleviate indigestion and diarrhea. The powder is sprinkled on burns and scalded skin to treat them. A mixture of coconut oil and leaves roasted until burnt is used for sores in infants.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Fruit</emphasis>
|
|
: Used to promote longevity; alleviate coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. Also used as an anti-scorbutic, diuretic, and laxative. Juice used to treat inflammation of the eyes. The powder can be eaten mixed together with jaggery, honey, and/or molasses to cure urinary infections. Juice extracted from crushed fruit is taken with lime juice for instant relief from dysentery. A mixture of dried fruit cooked together with eel is also used for dysentery. A mixture of the paste from the dried or fresh fruit with ginger and a small amount of lime juice is applied topically for itches, rashes, ringworm and other fungal skin infections and freckles; it is also used with hsee-cho (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Orthosiphon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orthosiphon aristatus" order="Lamiales" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aristatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Orthosiphon aristatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) for discoloration of the cheeks. For nosebleeds, fruit is crushed very finely and applied to the head as a poultice.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Seed</emphasis>
|
|
: A wash made from crushed seeds and boiling water is used for eye infections.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="notes">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
|
Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as follows: The bark is used on sores and pimples; tubercular fistula (in combination with bark fro three other species); and for cholera, dysentery (with other plants), and diarrhea. The leaf is used for diarrhea and sores. The fruit is used as a diuretic and laxative, as well as for indigestion, gonorrhea (with two other plants); raw fruit is used as an aperient, dried and used in haemorrhagia, diarrhea, as a liver tonic, for scurvy, and the juice as eye drops. The seed is used for asthma and stomach disorders.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
discusses the medicinal uses of this species in South China, Indo-China, Indonesia, and India.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
|
The fruit is considered the richest natural source known of vitamin C ("The juice contains nearly 20 times as much vitamin C as orange juice."); the "tannin (containing gallic acid, ellagic acid, and glucose) naturally present in the fruit retards the oxidation of the vitamin, so the fruit "is a valuable antiscorbutic either fresh or dry" (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="references">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">References.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Forest Department" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B37" refString="Forest Department, 1999. Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." title="Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." year="1999">Forest Department (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |