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<document id="59ECD7B5C59CCEF70013FD2622DBE60A" ID-DOI="10.3390/taxonomy3010009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7981347" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="marileroux" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" approvalRequired="58" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="16" approvalRequired_for_treatments="35" checkinTime="1685357711191" checkinUser="marileroux" docAuthor="Lombard, Natasha &amp; Le Roux, M. Marianne" docDate="2023" docId="7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C" docLanguage="en" docName="Taxonomy.3.95-108.pdf" docOrigin="Taxonomy (Clifton, N. J.) 3 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy3010009" docTitle="Thesium hispidifructum N.Lombard &amp; M.M.leRoux 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="86362030FF864E14641F504C5E703275" masterDocTitle="Thesium hispidifructum (Santalaceae), a New Hispidulous Species from Limpopo, South Africa and Notes on Enigmatic T. celatum" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1686121925995" updateUser="marileroux">
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<mods:title id="86A024211E3838FA45DCD84AD6266C90">Thesium hispidifructum (Santalaceae), a New Hispidulous Species from Limpopo, South Africa and Notes on Enigmatic T. celatum</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFF366B65C3FD779AF143CA5700BBBE0">Lombard, Natasha</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="306ADE101D06F378A6B2FE921529AED0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8649-6419</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="46A651612A4AB3CE499C42DA2EE3C8BC">Foundational Biodiversity Sciences Division, Pretoria National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Silverton 0184, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F74668C49E09B33F5ECBE0CF0442AB2E" type="email">n.lombard@sanbi.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4AB05087AE50B01AAE62ED1D0854C6FF">Le Roux, M. Marianne</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A52F6C3C423C340B74C85F7525CA239" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4705-2513</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="39663AC0CC2FD728365093275589E29D">Foundational Biodiversity Sciences Division, Pretoria National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Silverton 0184, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F72020B221EC623C56FDEDB70E1E03D" type="email">m.leroux@sanbi.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="98D4C32ED238A29C830684CA23AB7FD2">Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C8899D9FE347BEB1E4BD1D1472218F95">
<mods:date id="C00D5CF4CBE1AE4E17D875B251BDAAFF">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="790A9AB38D5A2D01D13F0C0C08EB47FE" type="series">
<mods:title id="2B93429B75CDEDF8C18502210CEB256A">Clifton, N. J.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="CE9718A2342EB99BFFD81C6817ACC764">2023-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="148FB1C7F7B5E2CCDE59E2A1889269B1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="11D457F6B913162F846D833B165EA4D5" type="DOI">10.3390/taxonomy3010009</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EE6E2A4EEE91A3F0CB39F03DA7163B5B" type="Zenodo-Dep">7981347</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7981563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8E4E1C65A354355B7336E4" box="[444,1283,1145,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8E4E1C65A354355B7336E4" blockId="8.[444,1283,1145,1169]" box="[444,1283,1145,1169]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C65A354355A5336E5" authority="N.Lombard &amp; M.M.le Roux" authorityName="N.Lombard &amp; M.M.leRoux" authorityYear="2023" box="[444,1059,1145,1169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C65A354355CA736E4" bold="true" box="[444,727,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
N.Lombard &amp; M.M.le Roux
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBE18837FF8E4E1C603154355AF936E5" box="[1070,1161,1145,1168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="6A9DF5DBFF8E4E1C608654355A8A36E4" box="[1177,1274,1145,1169]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[444,514,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,269,1475]" captionTargetId="figure-274@9.[232,1346,263,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Thesium hispidifructum. (A) Habit. (B) Woody stem. (C) Branches. (D) Hispid branches and leaves. (E,F) Variation in the indumentum from hispidulous to hispid. (G) Compact spike-like inflorescence. (H) Exterior of a rehydrated flower with external “glands” and a hispidulous to hispid indumentum. (I) Cross-section of a rehydrated flower showing the anthers inserted at the base of the lobes and the stigma reaching to the bottom of the anthers. (J) Dry fruit with hispid indumentum. The scale bars represent 1 mm. Photographs taken by N. Lombard (BJ). Images ' South African National Biodiversity Institute. Reproduced with the consent of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (AC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7981359/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Figure 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8E4E1C65EB54E45A3C3694" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8E4E1C65EB54E45A3C3694" blockId="8.[442,1496,1192,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation id="42CEE303FF8E4E1C65EB54E45A383694" collectingDate="1991-02-12" collectionCode="LR, L" collectorName="L. Smook" country="South Africa" county="Lebowa" location="Lebowa, Blouberg, Farm Beauly 260 LR" municipality="Blouberg" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" specimenCode="PRE0775984" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C65EB54E45C4036B5" bold="true" box="[500,560,1192,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Type</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="42CEE303FF8E4E1C662054E45CD23694" collectingDate="1991-02-12" collectionCode="LR, L" country="South Africa" county="Lebowa" location="Lebowa, Blouberg, Farm Beauly 260 LR" municipality="Blouberg" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="8AB1A9CEFF8E4E1C662054E45D7D36B5" box="[575,781,1192,1216]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" value="South Africa">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="306227BCFF8E4E1C670854E45D8536B5" box="[791,1013,1192,1216]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Limpopo Province</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="F779BF85FF8E4E1C601F54E45BA336CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C:F779BF85FF8E4E1C601F54E45BA336CA" box="[1024,1491,1192,1216]" country="South Africa" county="Lebowa" municipality="Blouberg" name="Lebowa, Blouberg, Farm Beauly 260 LR" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Limpopo">
<collectingCounty id="1B7891D2FF8E4E1C601F54E45A1036B5" box="[1024,1120,1192,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Lebowa</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="127D7324FF8E4E1C607454E45AA836B5" box="[1131,1240,1192,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Blouberg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="F779BF85FF8E4E1C60FC54E45B0936B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C:F779BF85FF8E4E1C60FC54E45B0936B5" box="[1251,1401,1192,1216]" country="South Africa" county="Lebowa" municipality="Blouberg" name="Farm Beauly" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Limpopo">Farm Beauly</location>
260
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8E4E1C61B154E45BA336CA" box="[1454,1491,1192,1215]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13657" name="Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">LR</collectionCode>
</location>
,
<date id="8618CF9EFF8E4E1C65A554855CF43694" box="[442,644,1225,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" value="1991-02-12">
<collectingDate id="965C3676FF8E4E1C65A554855CF43694" box="[442,644,1225,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" value="1991-02-12">12 February 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C668F54865D5E3694" box="[656,814,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName id="5F538C88FF8E4E1C668F54865C833694" box="[656,755,1225,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8E4E1C668F54865CD23694" box="[656,674,1226,1249]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="42CEE303FF8E4E1C66B354855A383694" box="[684,1096,1225,1249]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" specimenCode="PRE0775984" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo Province" typeStatus="holotype">
Smook 7447 (
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<specimenCode id="A2004125FF8E4E1C67B254855A313694" box="[941,1089,1225,1249]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="Herbarium">
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8E4E1C67B254855D903694" box="[941,992,1225,1249]" collectionName="PRE" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">PRE</collectionCode>
0775984
</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8E4E1C65EB54A65BE0347A" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8E4E1C65EB54A65BE0347A" blockId="8.[442,1496,1192,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C65EB54A65C1E3777" bold="true" box="[500,622,1258,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C669954A75DE33776" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[646,915,1259,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C669954A75DE33776" box="[646,915,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C611254A75BFA3776" box="[1293,1418,1259,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C611254A75BFA3776" box="[1293,1418,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its hairy indumentum, ascending to spreading leaves (
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long in
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C611155415BA03751" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[1294,1488,1292,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C611155415BA03751" box="[1294,1488,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
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long in
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C669655625D723733" box="[649,770,1326,1350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C669655625D723733" box="[649,770,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), flowers placed in determinate racemose cymes and flower lobes (
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long in
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C66F4551C5DD43712" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[747,932,1359,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C66F4551C5DD43712" box="[747,932,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ±
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long in
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C60B6551C5B6E3712" box="[1193,1310,1359,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C60B6551C5B6E3712" box="[1193,1310,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) bearded at the inner apex.
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C6659553D5D3937FC" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[582,841,1393,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C6659553D5D3937FC" box="[582,841,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C6086553D5B6037FC" box="[1177,1296,1393,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C6086553D5B6037FC" box="[1177,1296,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its tall robust stature (woody stems up to
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C66E655DE5D5237DF" box="[761,802,1426,1450]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
tall), intricate branching pattern and compact inflorescences with flowers solitary in the bract axils. Comparatively,
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8E4E1C603155F85AD237BE" box="[1070,1186,1459,1483]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C603155F85AD237BE" box="[1070,1186,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short slender stature (herbaceous stems up to 0.15(0.5?) m tall), virgate branching pattern and lax inflorescences with single flowers usually replaced by compound monochasial or dichasial cymes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8E4E1C65EB56545A3D3596" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8E4E1C65EB56545A3D3596" blockId="8.[442,1496,1192,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8E4E1C65EB56545CF33445" bold="true" box="[500,643,1560,1584]" pageId="8" pageNumber="103">Description</emphasis>
: Shrub or subshrub, up to
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tall, rootstock not known; stems erect, up to
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C65C456765C503424" box="[475,544,1594,1618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, intricately branched above, hispidulous to hispid. Leaves spreading to ascending, sparse below and densely arranged above, often imbricate, linear, 415 × 0.31.0 mm, hispidulous to hispid. Flowers solitary in bract axils, arranged in 510-flowered determinate raceme-like inflorescences; pedicels
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C60DF56D25B4634C0" box="[1216,1334,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.0">01.3 mm</quantity>
long. Bracts and bracteoles usually three, leaf-like but smaller,
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C601956F35A1334A2" box="[1030,1123,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">27 mm</quantity>
long, not forming an involucre, bracts fused to at least half of pedicel. Perianth ±campanulate,
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C60BD56AD5B57348D" box="[1186,1319,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.6">2.62.7 mm</quantity>
long, elongate receptacle often present, “glands” often visible on outside, exterior hispidulous to hispid; hypanthium
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C664C57685CA7354E" box="[595,727,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.30.6 mm</quantity>
long; corolla lobes triangular,
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C602757685ACC354E" box="[1080,1212,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.81.2 mm</quantity>
long, apex very slightly cucullate, with dense apical beard of long hairs. Stamens inserted at base of corolla lobes; anthers ±
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C662F572B5CF7350B" box="[560,647,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long. Style
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C670E572B5DE6350B" box="[785,918,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.20.4 mm</quantity>
long, stigma below or reaching the bottom of anthers. Placental column straight; ovules 3. Fruit ± globose, 3.64.1 ×
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C60C557C45B2D35D5" box="[1242,1373,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.8">1.82.3 mm</quantity>
including stipe and persistent perianth, stipe ±
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C676057E65DA835B4" box="[895,984,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long, persistent perianth
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8E4E1C611457E65BE435B4" box="[1291,1428,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.91.3 mm</quantity>
long, longitudinally and reticulately veined when dry, hispid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A6D9B9D6FF8F4E1D65A355A05C103484" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7981359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7981359/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" startId="9.[444,514,1516,1538]" targetBox="[242,1345,269,1475]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8F4E1D65A355A05C103484" blockId="9.[444,1492,1516,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D65A355A05C6B3474" bold="true" box="[444,539,1516,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8F4E1D663A55A05D653474" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[549,789,1516,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D663A55A05D653474" box="[549,789,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D673255A05D303474" bold="true" box="[813,832,1516,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
) Habit. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D67BB55A05DC43474" bold="true" box="[932,948,1516,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
) Woody stem. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D607B55A05A053477" bold="true" box="[1124,1141,1516,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
) Branches. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D60E055A05B633474" bold="true" box="[1279,1299,1516,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
) Hispid branches and leaves. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D665D56425C213456" bold="true" box="[578,593,1550,1571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D664856425C143456" bold="true" box="[599,612,1550,1571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
) Variation in the indumentum from hispidulous to hispid. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D60FC56425A873451" bold="true" box="[1251,1271,1550,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">G</emphasis>
) Compact spike-like inflorescence. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D6647567C5C1C3430" bold="true" box="[600,620,1584,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
) Exterior of a rehydrated flower with external “glands” and a hispidulous to hispid indumentum. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D6645561F5C13341D" bold="true" box="[602,611,1619,1640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">I</emphasis>
) Cross-section of a rehydrated flower showing the anthers inserted at the base of the lobes and the stigma reaching to the bottom of the anthers. (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D603B56395A5D34FF" bold="true" box="[1060,1069,1653,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">J</emphasis>
) Dry fruit with hispid indumentum. The scale bars represent 1 mm. Photographs taken by N. Lombard (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D605A56DB5A1A34D9" bold="true" box="[1093,1130,1687,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">BJ</emphasis>
). Images ' South African National Biodiversity Institute. Reproduced with the consent of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D663D56975C223484" bold="true" box="[546,594,1755,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">AC</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8F4E1D65EB57595AB83583" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8F4E1D65EB57595AB83583" blockId="9.[444,1494,1813,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D65EB57595D6D3558" bold="true" box="[500,797,1813,1837]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8F4E1D673357595A5B3558" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[812,1067,1813,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8F4E1D673357595A5B3558" box="[812,1067,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the
<collectingRegion id="306227BCFF8F4E1D60E257595BA43558" box="[1277,1492,1813,1837]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Limpopo Province</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="8AB1A9CEFF8F4E1D65C6577A5C1D353B" box="[473,621,1846,1870]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, where it is known from only four gatherings between Blouberg and Mount Letsjume in the westernmost reaches of the Soutpansberg (
<figureCitation id="6A9DF5DBFF8F4E1D607B57145AB43505" box="[1124,1220,1880,1904]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[444,514,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,266,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-314@10.[276,1308,260,1070]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distributions of Thesium hispidifructum (green circles) and three morphologically similar species, T. disparile (blue square), T. rufescens (red triangles), and T. transvaalense (white pentagons)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7981363/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). Little is known about its habitat. It has been collected among grass in rocky areas as well as in wet wooded areas, on both south facing and northeast facing slopes at elevations between 1675 and
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8F4E1D616057D75BA335C7" box="[1407,1491,1947,1971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
a.s.l. It is likely restricted to the Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld [
<bibRefCitation id="963794AFFF8F4E1D60CB57F05A9F35A1" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. The" box="[1236,1263,1980,2004]" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute: Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" refId="ref8605" refString="21. Mucina, L.; Rutherford, M. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland; Strelitzia 19; South African National Biodiversity Institute: Pretoria, South Africa, 2006" title="Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland; Strelitzia 19" type="book" year="2006">21</bibRefCitation>
] and Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld [
<bibRefCitation id="963794AFFF8F4E1D668557925CC53583" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. The" box="[666,693,2014,2038]" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute: Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" refId="ref8605" refString="21. Mucina, L.; Rutherford, M. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland; Strelitzia 19; South African National Biodiversity Institute: Pretoria, South Africa, 2006" title="Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland; Strelitzia 19" type="book" year="2006">21</bibRefCitation>
], but field studies are needed to confirm this.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A6D9B9D6FF8C4E1E65A354075CF236D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7981363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7981363/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" startId="10.[444,514,1099,1121]" targetBox="[286,1300,266,1060]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8C4E1E65A354075CF236D0" blockId="10.[443,1496,1099,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E65A354075C6C3615" bold="true" box="[444,540,1099,1121]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Geographical distributions of
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E676E54005A123614" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[881,1122,1100,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E676E54005A123614" box="[881,1122,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green circles) and three morphologically similar species,
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E66D354225D4A36F6" box="[716,826,1134,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disparile">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E66D354225D4A36F6" box="[716,826,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">T. disparile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue square),
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E67C154225A2336F6" box="[990,1107,1134,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E67C154225A2336F6" box="[990,1107,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">T. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red triangles), and
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E612C54225BA336F6" box="[1331,1491,1134,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transvaalense">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E612C54225BA336F6" box="[1331,1491,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">T. transvaalense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white pentagons).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8C4E1E65EB54865CAB3776" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8C4E1E65EB54865CAB3776" blockId="10.[443,1496,1226,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E65EB54865C063697" bold="true" box="[500,630,1226,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Phenology</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E669A54865DFE3697" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[645,910,1226,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E669A54865DFE3697" box="[645,910,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in flower and fruit in January, February, June, and July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8C4E1E65EB55415BA83751" box="[500,1496,1293,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8C4E1E65EB55415BA83751" blockId="10.[443,1496,1226,1785]" box="[500,1496,1293,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E65EB55415C013750" bold="true" box="[500,625,1293,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E674555415D9F3750" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[858,1007,1293,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E674555415D9F3750" box="[858,1007,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the hispidulous fruit of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8C4E1E65EB55625AFE3406" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8C4E1E65EB55625AFE3406" blockId="10.[443,1496,1226,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E65EB55625C973733" bold="true" box="[500,743,1326,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Conservation status</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="35A692DDFF8C4E1E66E455625A753733" authorityName="N. Lombard &amp; M. M. le Roux" authorityYear="2023" box="[763,1029,1326,1350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thesiaceae" genus="Thesium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifructum">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E66E455625A753733" box="[763,1029,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Thesium hispidifructum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an extent of occurrence (
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8C4E1E617255625BDA3733" box="[1389,1450,1326,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">EOO</collectionCode>
) of
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8C4E1E65A3551C5C73371D" box="[444,515,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" unit="km" value="44.0">44 km</quantity>
<superScript id="05D34416FF8C4E1E661C55065C7D3728" attach="left" box="[515,525,1354,1373]" fontSize="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">2</superScript>
and an area of occurrence (
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8C4E1E6751551C5DFE371D" box="[846,910,1360,1384]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">AOO</collectionCode>
) of
<quantity id="355E44BBFF8C4E1E67A5551C5A71371D" box="[954,1025,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
<superScript id="05D34416FF8C4E1E601E55065A7B3728" attach="left" box="[1025,1035,1354,1373]" fontSize="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">2</superScript>
. It is known from only four gatherings at two to three locations in mountainous areas (Blouberg and Mount Letsjume), surrounded by much-transformed low-lying areas (Vivo and surrounds). As the most recent collection/observation of this species was in 1991, the state of these subpopulations is unknown, and needs to be verified during field studies. It is likely that the extensive human settlements and crop development in low-lying areas surroundings these mountains have already resulted in the loss of suitable habitat. Furthermore, expanding anthropogenic influences may easily push this very restricted species to extinction. It therefore qualifies for a threat status of Vulnerable (
<collectionCode id="94B7719BFF8C4E1E672456105D153401" box="[827,869,1628,1652]" country="Russia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15248" name="Voronezh State University" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="Herbarium">VU</collectionCode>
) under Criterion D2 [
<bibRefCitation id="963794AFFF8C4E1E607B56105A0F3401" author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" box="[1124,1151,1628,1652]" journalOrPublisher="IUCN: Gland, Switzerland" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refId="ref8575" refString="20. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 2017." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13" type="book" year="2017">20</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BABCBAD5FF8C4E1E65EB56315CBA348C" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F219E95EFF8C4E1E65EB56315CBA348C" blockId="10.[443,1496,1226,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E65EB56315D1934E0" bold="true" box="[500,873,1661,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="42CEE303FF8C4E1E676856315D6734C2" collectingDate="1933-05-10" collectionCode="A, C" collectorName="Blauwberg &amp; A. C. Leeman &amp; Leeman" country="South Africa" location="Blauwberg" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" specimenCode="PRE0374089" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo">
<materialsCitation id="42CEE303FF8C4E1E676856315F9834C3" collectingDate="1933-05-10" collectionCode="A, C" collectorName="Blauwberg" country="South Africa" location="Blauwberg" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo">
<collectingCountry id="8AB1A9CEFF8C4E1E676856315A4D34E0" box="[887,1085,1661,1685]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" value="South Africa">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="C0D2354CFF8C4E1E605956315AC034E0" bold="true" box="[1094,1200,1661,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
<collectingRegion id="306227BCFF8C4E1E605956315AC034E0" box="[1094,1200,1661,1685]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="F779BF85FF8C4E1E60A156315B4A34E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0F5848FF8E4E1E65A354355CBA348C:F779BF85FF8C4E1E60A156315B4A34E0" box="[1214,1338,1661,1685]" country="South Africa" name="Blauwberg" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Limpopo">
<collectorName id="5F538C88FF8C4E1E60A156315B4A34E0" box="[1214,1338,1661,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Blauwberg</collectorName>
</location>
,
<date id="8618CF9EFF8C4E1E615B56315BA034E0" box="[1348,1488,1661,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" value="1933-05-10">
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