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118 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="00C3C33D63270E182ED874C32EAA980B" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixy021" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551929" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613744686302" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Mota, Luísa L. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2019" docId="352D33704041C37BFCB0F9E0FDB9C7E7" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.3.1.3.1-13.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (2019), No. 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy021" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pteronymia obscuratus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="C9144B084045C37EFF82FFB0FFE0C156" masterDocTitle="Intersexual ‘ Arms Race’ and the Evolution of the Sphragis in Pteronymia Butterflies" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698874195374" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D963D8A84082DAD822032F320926F5C8">Intersexual ‘ Arms Race’ and the Evolution of the Sphragis in Pteronymia Butterflies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5346B3D266D1F768E30CC4A8FC3C306">Carvalho, Ana Paula S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7CCB84360F8DD20147B493516DD07857">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="25D2DE02F1F2C862D7BDDC2737A18B72" type="email">acarvalho@ufl.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5F824A2FEED32B1A0533318DD5CA92DF">Mota, Luísa L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5DCA5F2803EA859DE56F34423E938ADF">Departamento de Biologia Animal, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083 - 862, Brazil, and</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4F2E65BBE880084B5FAADBE9534D7359">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0535D8D31B6834C2FC260AF7919DF0A7">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CDE3551657C21C9EEDEF0D210B704EAD">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6817B71A5FD38E2548E5B2B57439D556">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F6D364E0A7D674F887FC81960A27EF2D">2019-01-23</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C83ED948E5ABC70F51086AC5991ADBB6" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="352D33704041C37BFCB0F9E0FDB9C7E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551771" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352D33704041C37BFCB0F9E0FDB9C7E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/352D33704041C37BFCB0F9E0FDB9C7E7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="F59ED1ED4041C37AFCB0F9E0FB48C735" box="[818,1192,1615,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664041C37AFCB0F9E0FB48C735" blockId="4.[818,1192,1615,1635]" box="[818,1192,1615,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="E673350A4041C37AFCB0F9E0FB48C735" box="[818,1192,1615,1635]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="9">
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54041C37AFCB0F9E0FB48C735" authority="(Fabricius, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[818,1192,1615,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744041C37AFCB0F9E0FBE5C735" box="[818,1029,1615,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pteronymia obscuratus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744041C37AFB88F9FFFB48C735" bold="true" box="[1034,1192,1615,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(Fabricius, 1793)</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F59ED1ED4041C37BFCD0F9DCFDB9C7E7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664041C37AFCD0F9DCFC7EC7D6" blockId="4.[818,1443,1644,1928]" box="[850,926,1644,1664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation id="25BF9EE34041C37AFCD0F9DCFC7EC7D6" box="[850,926,1644,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1466,1483]" captionTargetBox="[314,1273,148,1429]" captionTargetId="figure-218@5.[312,1275,147,1430]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2–5. The sterigma and sphragis of P. andreas (2), P. calgiria (3), P. obscuratus (4), and P.latilla (5). A: ventral, sphragis absent; B: ventral,sphragis present; C: lateral, sphragis present; D: P. obscuratus with a spermatophore externally connected to the sphragis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664041C37AFCD0F939FB6DC7ED" blockId="4.[818,1443,1644,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744041C37AFCD0F939FBE2C7CB" box="[850,1026,1673,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Females examined:</emphasis>
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15. 11 with complete sphragides; 3 bearing incomplete or amorphous sphragides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664041C37AFCD0F975FB78C6DE" blockId="4.[818,1443,1644,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744041C37AFCD0F975FC23C781" box="[850,963,1733,1751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description:</emphasis>
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Coloration—golden-brown. Shape—rounded anteriorly with two symmetrical lateral cavities, an elevated projection medially, and the sphragis curves upward and over the sterigma posteriorly, overhanging the sterigma. The tip of the sphragis is pointed and nearly touches the papillae anales. Structure—mostly solid. Scales—present, ordered, hair-like. Attached to leading edge of the overhanging posterior half of sphragis.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E9FBD2EE4040C37BFF10FA0AFC31C4B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[146,173,1466,1483]" targetBox="[314,1273,148,1429]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664040C37BFF10FA0AFC31C4B2" blockId="5.[146,1443,1466,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFF10FA0AFF36C49D" bold="true" box="[146,214,1466,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2–5.</emphasis>
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The sterigma and sphragis of
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54040C37BFE52FA0AFDC3C49D" baseAuthorityName="Weeks" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[464,547,1466,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andreas">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFE52FA0AFDC3C49D" box="[464,547,1466,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. andreas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2),
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54040C37BFDC7FA0AFD72C49D" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1902" box="[581,658,1466,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calgiria">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFDC7FA0AFD72C49D" box="[581,658,1466,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. calgiria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(3),
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54040C37BFD36FA0AFCC0C49D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[692,800,1466,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFD36FA0AFCC0C49D" box="[692,800,1466,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. obscuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4), and
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54040C37BFCE4FA0AFC42C49D" box="[870,930,1466,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latilla">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFCE4FA0AFC42C49D" box="[870,930,1466,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P.latilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5). A: ventral, sphragis absent; B: ventral,sphragis present; C: lateral, sphragis present; D:
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<taxonomicName id="7A84F9E54040C37BFEF5FA63FE03C4B2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[375,483,1491,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pteronymia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFEF5FA63FE03C4B2" box="[375,483,1491,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. obscuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a spermatophore externally connected to the sphragis.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="BD3B82664040C37BFF30F9BCFDB9C7E7" blockId="5.[146,770,1547,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="8FF05E744040C37BFF30F9BCFEFBC749" box="[178,283,1548,1567]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comments:</emphasis>
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We observed one female with a spermatophore attached to the sphragis outside of the female body (
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<figureCitation id="25BF9EE34040C37BFD06F998FD2AC76A" box="[644,714,1576,1596]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1466,1483]" captionTargetBox="[314,1273,148,1429]" captionTargetId="figure-218@5.[312,1275,147,1430]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2–5. The sterigma and sphragis of P. andreas (2), P. calgiria (3), P. obscuratus (4), and P.latilla (5). A: ventral, sphragis absent; B: ventral,sphragis present; C: lateral, sphragis present; D: P. obscuratus with a spermatophore externally connected to the sphragis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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). It is likely that there was already a sphragis in place on the female’s sterigma, and that the second male was unsuccessful in depositing his spermatophore inside the female’s reproductive tract, but still produced a complete sphragis on top of the first one.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |