treatments-xml/data/03/D5/87/03D587FFFFF5FFABFF5F58F3FDA1FEEA.xml

<document id="38CD1E2D861F7EF59871F63038302C71" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5406.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10610157" ID-ZooBank="10765250-45BD-4988-A91C-158BE19F9E55" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1706878132643" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Parkin, Tom, Rowley, Jodi J. L., Elliott-Tate, Jessica, Mahony, Michael J., Sumner, Joanna, Melville, Jane &amp; Donnellan, Stephen C." docDate="2024" docId="03D587FFFFF5FFABFF5F58F3FDA1FEEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5406.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5406 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5406.1.1/52824" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litoria sibilus Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFECFF87FFEEFFB5FFC85C59FFFEFF8F" masterDocTitle="Systematic assessment of the brown tree frog (Anura: Pelodryadidae: Litoria ewingii) reveals two endemic species in South Australia" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1706878635972" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="83F24C6AAEFC96E3CE7893942A5BE2E3">Systematic assessment of the brown tree frog (Anura: Pelodryadidae: Litoria ewingii) reveals two endemic species in South Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9714D91AE50DB0AFFB969E0A5A5950BD">Parkin, Tom</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9E4F2AFD24147DE8E9020AD78EE65BCB">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="071F378B5A349189C928F36169299797">Rowley, Jodi J. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43C7AEA783A097FB80B6C810CEE8E335">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia &amp; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D923574AC3148F5ABAE76EB8F23FDBE">Elliott-Tate, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ADE57818C8892BD0E93315B7A28083CE">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia &amp; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0017B65AAC3C3C2F1CE48AEED1321B08">Mahony, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FAFCA6200EE2E2E691C3C8212AC4678">School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FBFDB91F6B0CB6446F69D85C1AB5772C">Sumner, Joanna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F586CC645CB2EB3BFECD3F028F745E5A">Museums Victoria Research Institute, Melbourne Museum, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="522B928EED592BC5FB1109A22140EFD0">Melville, Jane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A863321ABEBA760522FB2F9154E41202">Museums Victoria Research Institute, Melbourne Museum, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia &amp; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8673E34356508A54DFAA419A770AD3DF">Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="922BBB416F848F7DE77EC1F3AF33B3F7">South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="8A0DB2901B9AEA8DD09E4D42D263C176">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D08B8185FFF5FFAEFF5F58F3FE5BFB4B" bold="true" box="[151,421,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF5FFAEFF5F58F3FEBEFB4A" authority="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan, 2024" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,320,1194,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFF5F58F3FEBEFB4A" bold="true" box="[151,320,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5780FFF5FFAEFE8F58F3FE5BFB4B" box="[327,421,1194,1220]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF5F5897FD0AFB66" blockId="27.[151,756,1194,1292]" box="[151,756,1230,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Suggested common name: Kangaroo Island Tree Frog</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF5FFAEFF5F58ABFEEAFA83" box="[151,276,1266,1292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF5F58ABFEEAFA83" blockId="27.[151,756,1194,1292]" box="[151,276,1266,1292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="13472A6CFFF5FFAEFF5F58ABFF12FA83" box="[151,236,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-21@28.[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 13. Holotype of Litoria sibilus sp. nov., SAMA R.37403, adult female, Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610192/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13472A6CFFF5FFAEFF3058ABFEEAFA83" box="[248,276,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,904,928]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,237,881]" captionTargetId="figure-46@29.[378,1209,237,881]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Images in life of Litoria sibilus sp. nov. A–E unvouchered individuals (Mark Sanders). A) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island; B) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island, C) Vivonne Bay, southern Kangaroo Island; D) hindfoot of individual in A; E) hand of individual A; F–G unvouchered individuals, Kangaroo Island (Department of Environment and Water, South Australian Government)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610194/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF5FFAEFF5F5963FC80F9DF" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF5F5963FEAAFA13" blockId="27.[151,1437,1338,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB4FFF5FFAEFF5F5963FEAAFA13" collectingDate="1990-11-12" collectionCode="SAMA" county="Flinders Chase National Park" latitude="-35.94" location="David Armstrong" longLatPrecision="714" longitude="136.73" municipality="Kangaroo Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="R37403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFF5F5963FEF5FADB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1338,1364]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="54C7884BFFF5FFAEFF5F5963FEF8FADB" box="[151,262,1338,1364]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE2CFFF5FFAEFEDC5963FE9DFADB" box="[276,355,1338,1364]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBDA9E92FFF5FFAEFEA45963FE3AFADB" box="[364,452,1338,1364]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R37403</specimenCode>
(tissue voucher 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF5FFAEFD485963FD33FADB" box="[640,717,1338,1364]" kingdom="Abtc" pageId="27" pageNumber="8" rank="kingdom">ABTC</taxonomicName>
33479), adult female, 
<locationDeviation id="9A712FCBFFF5FFAEFC0E5963FB19FADB" box="[966,1255,1338,1365]" location="Rocky River" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<quantity id="4C849B0CFFF5FFAEFC0E5963FBE8FADB" box="[966,1046,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
NW Rocky River
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62A24E65FFF5FFAEFB3B5963FEC4FAF7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Flinders Chase National Park</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7AC93FFF5FFAEFE835906FDF3FAF7" box="[331,525,1374,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kangaroo Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80BFFF5FFAEFDD65907FD2FFAF7" box="[542,721,1374,1400]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF5FFAEFD2D5907FCBFFAF6" box="[741,833,1374,1401]" degrees="35.94" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="555" value="-35.94">35.94ºS</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF5FFAEFC9A5907FC43FAF7" box="[850,957,1374,1400]" degrees="136.73" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="555" value="136.73">136.73ºE</geoCoordinate>
), Collected by 
<location id="8EA36032FFF5FFAEFBBE5907FAC0FAF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587FFFFF5FFABFF5F58F3FDA1FEEA:8EA36032FFF5FFAEFBBE5907FAC0FAF7" box="[1142,1342,1374,1400]" county="Flinders Chase National Park" latitude="-35.94" longLatPrecision="714" longitude="136.73" municipality="Kangaroo Island" name="David Armstrong" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="South Australia">David Armstrong</location>
on 
<date id="FFC21029FFF5FFAEFABC5907FEB1FA13" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1990-11-12">
<collectingDate id="EF86E9C1FFF5FFAEFABC5907FEB1FA13" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1990-11-12">
12 
<superScript id="7C099BA1FFF5FFAEFA585907FA63FAE3" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1374,1388]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">th</superScript>
November 1990
</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF0F59FFFEF2FA6B" blockId="27.[151,1437,1338,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFF0F59FFFE51FA4F" bold="true" box="[199,431,1446,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
See Supplementary 
<tableCitation id="C6FE0352FFF5FFAEFD4759FFFD11FA4F" box="[655,751,1446,1472]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,469,495]" captionText="TABLE 1. Litoria ewingii Group specimens examined for molecular genetic analyses. Institution codes: ABTC—Australian Biological Tissue Collection, South Australian Museum; NMV—Museums Victoria; AMS—Australian Museum; SAMA—South Australian Museum; QM—Queensland Museum; ANWC—Australian National Wildlife Collection;TMAG—Tasmanian Museum andArt Gallery.State abbreviations: SA—South Australia; Vic—Victoria; NSW—New South Wales; Tas—Tasmania; Qld—Queensland; ACT—Australian Capital Territory. ND4 column refers to GenBank accession numbers." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table S1</tableCitation>
(https://zenodo.org/record/8423599) for details of all material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF0F59B7FC80F9DF" blockId="27.[151,1437,1338,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFF0F59B7FDC6F987" bold="true" box="[199,568,1518,1544]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="54C7884BFFF5FFAEFF0F59B7FECAF987" box="[199,308,1518,1544]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
measurements (mm).
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE2CFFF5FFAEFD8859B7FD8AF987" box="[576,628,1518,1544]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SVL</collectionCode>
39.4, FOL 29.7, TL 20.3, THL 20.0, HW 11.8, IOD 3.9, DFE 6.9, IND 3.2, NS 2.4, EN 3.0, ED 4.2, HDD 5.1, SL 4.9, HL 17.0, UAL 6.9, LAL 9.2, HAL 12.2, AL 20.2, FL 17.44, 
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE2CFFF5FFAEFAF15A4AFA92F9A2" box="[1337,1388,1555,1581]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hpyk-a3yp" name="Imperial Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">IMT</collectionCode>
1.2, 
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE2CFFF5FFAEFF5F5A6EFF2EF9DE" box="[151,208,1591,1617]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4q52-xvg6" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">TMP</collectionCode>
2.25, Fin3DW 1.69, Fin3W 1.05, Toe4DW 1.4, Toe4W 0.89.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF5FFAEFF0F5A03FE4AF81B" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF5FFAEFF0F5A03FE4AF81B" blockId="27.[151,1437,1338,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFF0F5A03FEBCF9FB" bold="true" box="[199,322,1626,1652]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF5FFAEFE815A02FE16F9FB" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[329,488,1626,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFE815A02FE16F9FB" box="[329,488,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosable from all other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF5FFAEFC3E5A02FB98F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1014,1126,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFC3E5A02FBF8F9FB" box="[1014,1030,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFBDC5A02FB98F9FB" box="[1044,1126,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ewingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by a combination of (1) adult body size 
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for males and 
<quantity id="4C849B0CFFF5FFAEFD555A27FCE9F916" box="[669,791,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="28.0">28–43 mm</quantity>
for females, (2) moderately robust build, (3) pads wider than fingers (mean Fin3W/Fin3DW = 0.6) and toes (mean Toe4W/Toe4DW = 0.7), (4) webbing on hands vestigial but relatively well-developed on the feet (extending to the 1 
<superScript id="7C099BA1FFF5FFAEFC8C5A9FFCB1F95B" attach="left" box="[836,847,1734,1748]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">st</superScript>
subarticular tubercle on the 4 
<superScript id="7C099BA1FFF5FFAEFB6C5A9FFB4FF95B" attach="left" box="[1188,1201,1734,1748]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">th</superScript>
toe [see 
<figureCitation id="13472A6CFFF5FFAEFAD25A9FFAA9F96F" box="[1306,1367,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1428,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[151,1435,179,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of the hind feet of Litoria verreauxii and L. ewingii showing differences in toe pad size and webbing extent: Type A) Litoria verreauxii and Type B) represents Litoria ewingii, L. calliscelis and L. sibilus sp. nov. Subarticular tubercles 1 and 2 are indicated by circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610177/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig 8</figureCitation>
, 
<typeStatus id="54C7884BFFF5FFAEFAAD5A9EFA63F96E" box="[1381,1437,1735,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
B]), (5) posterior edge of thigh orange-pink, usually patterned with dark spots and blotches (n= 26/27), occasionally plain (n=1/27), (6) dark spots or blotches in inguinal region usually absent (n=23/27), sometimes a single spot may be present right at the junction of the thigh and body (n=4/27), (7) genetically by apomorphic nucleotide states at 15 sites in the 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFEF15B0FFE90F8FF" box="[313,366,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ND4</emphasis>
gene. Diagnoses of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF5FFAEFD9A5B0EFD11F8FF" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[594,751,1878,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF5FFAEFD9A5B0EFD11F8FF" box="[594,751,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species described herein are presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6FE0352FFF5FFAEFA965B0FFF5BF81B" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,239,155,179]" captionText="TABLE 8. Diagnoses for the three species of the Litoria ewingii Group redescribed or described." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table 8</tableCitation>
for ease of comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036661FFF2FFA9FF5F5945FE78FAD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10610192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610192/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,250,1308,1332]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1284]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF2FFA9FF5F5945FE78FAD7" blockId="28.[151,1436,1308,1368]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FF5F5945FEE2FABB" bold="true" box="[151,284,1308,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF2FFA9FE795944FDBDFABB" authority="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan, 2024" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[433,579,1308,1332]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FE795944FDBDFABB" box="[433,579,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FD845945FD5EFABB" bold="true" box="[588,672,1308,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5780FFF2FFA9FD845945FD5EFABB" box="[588,672,1308,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SAMA R.37403, adult female, Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF2FFA8FF0F59F3FD6BFF5A" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF2FFA9FF0F59F3FA72F913" blockId="28.[151,1437,1450,2017]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FF0F59F3FE13FA4B" bold="true" box="[199,493,1450,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54C7884BFFF2FFA9FEB759F3FE16FA4B" box="[383,488,1450,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Habitus moderately slender. Head longer than wide (HW/HL = 0.7), tympanum oblong-shaped, smaller than eye (TMP/ED = 0.5), and partially obscured by a tympanic fold. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral profiles. Fingers and toes slender, fingers unwebbed and toes with moderate webbing. Finger and toe pads wider than digits (Fin3W/Fin3DW and Toe4W/Toe4DW = 0.6). Sub-articular tubercles and metacarpal tubercles visible, inner-metatarsal tubercles prominent, oblong-shaped and approximately two-thirds the length of the fourth toe. Oviducal follicles visible from abdominal cavity indicates specimen is a gravid female.Arms and legs moderately long (TL/SVL = 0.5) and slender. Texture of dorsal surface smooth, ventral surface coarsely granular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF2FFA9FF0F5AFFFA63F886" blockId="28.[151,1437,1450,2017]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FF0F5AFFFE39F94F" box="[199,455,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
. Dorsum uniformly silver-grey. Yellow-green grey ventral surface. A single faint dark spot present in the inguinal pocket, at the junction of the thigh and abdomen. Subtle pink posterior edge of thigh with numerous dark rounded spots. White stripe present from below eye to shoulder and above eye to upper tympanum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF2FFA9FF0F5B4BFAF3F8A3" blockId="28.[151,1437,1450,2017]" box="[199,1293,1810,1837]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FF0F5B4BFEC1F8A3" bold="true" box="[199,319,1810,1836]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Variation.</emphasis>
Summary of variation in morphometric characters for each sex is presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6FE0352FFF2FFA9FB7C5B4BFAF4F8A3" box="[1204,1290,1810,1836]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="21.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Summary of metric variation in morphological analyses for Litoria ewingii, L. calliscelis and sibilus sp. nov. Measurements are presented as the mean±SD and range." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF2FFA8FF0F5B6FFD6BFF5A" blockId="28.[151,1437,1450,2017]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF2FFA9FF0F5B6FFDE7F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,537,1846,1872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colour and pattern (in life).</emphasis>
Variation in colour described from images taken in life (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CFFF2FFA9FB6B5B6FFB0CF8DF" box="[1187,1266,1846,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,904,928]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,237,881]" captionTargetId="figure-46@29.[378,1209,237,881]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Images in life of Litoria sibilus sp. nov. A–E unvouchered individuals (Mark Sanders). A) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island; B) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island, C) Vivonne Bay, southern Kangaroo Island; D) hindfoot of individual in A; E) hand of individual A; F–G unvouchered individuals, Kangaroo Island (Department of Environment and Water, South Australian Government)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610194/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig 14</figureCitation>
). Dorsum base light silvery grey to copper, with dark burnt brown, black-edged, longitudinally aligned, and bifurcated bands extending from between eyes to vent. Upper surface of legs coppery pink, posterior edge of thigh orange-pink usually patterned with dark spots and blotches (n= 26/27), occasionally plain (n=1/27). Dark spots or blotches in inguinal region usually absent (n=23/27), sometimes a single spot may be present right at the junction of the thigh and body (n=4/27). Silver, pink, grey to copper stripe extends from rostrum through eye to lateral zone. White stripe present from below eye to shoulder. Iris gold.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036661FFF3FFA8FF5F5FD1FE6BFB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10610194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610194/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,250,904,928]" targetBox="[378,1209,237,881]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF5F5FD1FE6BFB83" blockId="29.[151,1436,904,1036]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF5F5FD1FEDCFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,290,904,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Images in life of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FE2B5FD0FD8AFC2F" authority="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan, 2024" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[483,628,904,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FE2B5FD0FD8AFC2F" box="[483,628,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FDB55FD1FCF6FC2F" bold="true" box="[637,776,904,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5780FFF3FFA8FDB55FD1FD2EFC2F" box="[637,720,904,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–E
</emphasis>
unvouchered individuals (Mark Sanders). 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB0E5FD1FB26FC2F" bold="true" box="[1222,1240,904,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A</emphasis>
) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island; 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FE855FF5FEA0FC4B" bold="true" box="[333,350,940,964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">B</emphasis>
) Parndana, central Kangaroo Island, 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FD105FF5FD14FC4B" bold="true" box="[728,746,940,964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
) Vivonne Bay, southern Kangaroo Island; 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB545FF5FB50FC4B" bold="true" box="[1180,1198,940,964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D</emphasis>
) hindfoot of individual in A; 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF195F89FF1CFC67" bold="true" box="[209,226,976,1000]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
) hand of individual A; 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FE1A5F89FDFFFC67" bold="true" box="[466,513,976,1000]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">F–G</emphasis>
unvouchered individuals, Kangaroo Island (Department of Environment and Water, South Australian Government).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF3FFA8FF0F5806FAC7F98B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F5806FDC3FB12" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F5806FEB0FBF6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1119,1145]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FDF65807FD79FBF7" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[574,647,1118,1144]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FDF65807FD79FBF7" box="[574,647,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a masculine Latin 2 
<superScript id="7C099BA1FFF3FFA8FC415807FC67FBE3" attach="left" box="[905,921,1118,1132]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nd</superScript>
declension noun meaning whistle or hiss. It is used in apposition to the genus name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F58FFFCA3FAFA" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F58FFFE48FB4F" bold="true" box="[199,438,1190,1216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Advertisement Call.</emphasis>
Call description is based on the calls of six individuals. The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FA8658FEFF1EFB6B" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FA8658FEFF1EFB6B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a duration of 1.48– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF3FFA8FE235892FDD1FB6A" box="[491,559,1227,1253]" degrees="2.34" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="-2.34">2.34 s</geoCoordinate>
(mean 
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF3FFA8FD4C5892FD36FB6A" box="[644,712,1227,1253]" degrees="1.78" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="-1.78">1.78 s</geoCoordinate>
) and comprises 8–11 (mean 9) pulsed notes. Notes are typically short 0.1– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF3FFA8FEC058B6FEB3FA86" box="[264,333,1263,1289]" degrees="0.28" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="-0.28">0.28 s</geoCoordinate>
(mean 
<geoCoordinate id="EE48502EFFF3FFA8FE6B58B6FE19FA86" box="[419,487,1263,1289]" degrees="0.17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="-0.17">0.17 s</geoCoordinate>
) with the shortest note at the beginning (83.3% of calls) and the longest note at the end (50%). Notes have limited intervals between them and are not distinctly pulsed. In 50% of calls, amplitude rose to a peak in roughly the middle of each note before descending, giving a tent-like appearance (
<figureCitation id="13472A6CFFF3FFA8FB18596FFAE8FADE" box="[1232,1302,1334,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[252,1330,1411,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-79@17.[250,1338,1411,1907]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of audio spectrograms of the advertisement calls of A) Litoria ewingii, Lake Burbary, Queenstown, Tasmania (FrogID: 166278) B) Litoria sibilus sp. nov., Pelican Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia (FrogID: 23471) and C) Litoria calliscelis, Victor Harbour, Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia (FrogID: 242125)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10610173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10610173/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Dominant frequency had a short range of 2156–2541 Hz (mean 2451 Hz).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F5927FAC7F98B" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F5927FDBBFA17" bold="true" box="[199,581,1406,1433]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FD865926FD10FA17" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[590,750,1406,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FD865926FD10FA17" box="[590,750,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is isolated from all other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FB105926FAB4FA17" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1240,1354,1407,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB105926FB16FA17" box="[1240,1256,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB305926FAB4FA17" box="[1272,1354,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ewingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, separated from the closest species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FDE259FAFD47FA33" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[554,697,1442,1468]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calliscelis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FDE259FAFD47FA33" box="[554,697,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. calliscelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, across a 
<quantity id="4C849B0CFFF3FFA8FCE559FAFC88FA33" box="[813,886,1442,1469]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
stretch of sea known as the Backstairs Passage, which separates Kangaroo Island from the adjacent mainland. For a description of colour/pattern features potentially useful for identification where collection locality is unknown, see 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FCB559B2FBDAF98B" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[893,1060,1515,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FCB559B2FBDAF98B" box="[893,1060,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria ewingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FB9359B2FB16F98B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1115,1256,1514,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calliscelis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB9359B2FB16F98B" box="[1115,1256,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. calliscelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF3FFA8FF0F5A57FB03F9FF" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F5A57FD64F9C2" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F5A57FE11F9A7" bold="true" box="[199,495,1550,1577]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Endemic and widespread on Kangaroo Island (4,405 sq km), Australia’s third largest island, situated off the South Australian coast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F5A0FFB03F9FF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" box="[199,1277,1622,1648]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Habitat poorly known but has been recorded in forest, heathland and disturbed agricultural land.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666562FFF3FFABFF0F5A22FDA1FEEA" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFA8FF0F5A22FC50F8E2" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F5A22FDF8F91B" bold="true" box="[199,518,1658,1685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecology and reproduction.</emphasis>
The species is uncommonly recorded via FrogID (68 records from 
<date id="FFC21029FFF3FFA8FACA5A22FF31F936" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2017-11-10">10 November 2017</date>
– 
<date id="FFC21029FFF3FFA8FF165AC6FE7EF936" box="[222,384,1695,1721]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2022-06-30">30 June 2022</date>
), but is often heard calling in disturbed areas, with 6% of FrogID records of the species documented as being in urban habitats and 74% of records in rural areas. Breeding period appears to be extended, with males recorded calling in January–November, with the majority of FrogID submissions from between March– May. Breeding habitat poorly known but appears to include static ephemeral and permanent waterbodies such as dams, ponds, swamps, inundated ditches and streamside ponds and pools. For a detailed description of tadpole development and morphology specific to this taxon, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B18FFF3FFA8FCC65B0BFC54F8E2" author="Anstis, M." box="[782,938,1874,1901]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="202 - 205" refId="ref19012" refString="Anstis, M. (2017) n. k. In: Tadpoles and frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers Pty Limited, Chatswood, pp. 202 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2017">Anstis (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E9FFF3FFABFF0F5B2FFDA1FEEA" blockId="29.[151,1437,1118,2009]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FF0F5B2FFE45F81E" bold="true" box="[199,443,1910,1937]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FE095B2EFDA3F81F" authorityName="Parkin &amp; Rowley &amp; Elliott-Tate &amp; Mahony &amp; Sumner &amp; Melville &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2024" box="[449,605,1910,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibilus">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FE095B2EFDA3F81F" box="[449,605,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the most restricted distribution of all species within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6AFFF3FFA8FB3E5B2EFA62F81F" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1270,1436,1911,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF3FFA8FB3E5B2EFA62F81F" box="[1270,1436,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Litoria ewingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Group. AOO was calculated for the species at 
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and EOO 
<quantity id="4C849B0CFFF3FFA8FC4C5BC2FC11F83B" box="[900,1007,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.743" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="3743.0">3,743 km</quantity>
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. Under criterion B of the IUCN Red List guidelines, these calculations potentially qualify the taxon for Endangered listing (AOO &lt;
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; EOO &lt;
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). However, given there is a lack of baseline information indicating severe fragmentation, decline or fluctuation in population size, we suggest a conservative listing of Data Deficient to be appropriate for this taxon until further information becomes available. Of particular concern is the potential threat posed by the devastating bushfires that occurred on Kangaroo Island in 2019–2020, which burned through 45.9% the island’s landmass (
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Bonney 
<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF0FFABFF375D7EFEC6FECE" box="[255,312,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2020
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). Targeted surveys of 
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<emphasis id="B908EAFBFFF0FFABFDBC5D7EFCEDFECE" box="[628,787,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Litoria sibilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are required to establish a population baseline and assess post-fire population health and recovery.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>