588 lines
76 KiB
XML
588 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="B76CCEC4B3BD7AB83AA4163C3C6B5071" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561536" ID-ZooBank="9C92DE83-EFD7-497C-999C-5C3A0CFDF830" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1706103486276" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schlüter, Nils" docDate="2024" docId="03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5403.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5403 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Micraster ernsti Schlüter 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFECFF80FFD08E48FFFC3B76AC0CFF83" masterDocTitle="One steps out of line-A “ modern ” Micraster species (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) with some old-fashioned look, Micraster ernsti sp. nov. from the Campanian (Cretaceous)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="80" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1706279353638" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ABDF32703568E2DBFAAC6CB98E9E7F0E">One steps out of line-A “ modern ” Micraster species (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) with some old-fashioned look, Micraster ernsti sp. nov. from the Campanian (Cretaceous)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0ACE4632943844413F1C44D14BA13E5B">Schlüter, Nils</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8850A01EA3AB8841FDCD0C7B2D427CC3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5699-3684</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E0BD677BA6D8BCA49681CA7B7DE7D1A">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="266B71191B9C82C88146365035FCDB24" type="email">nils.schlueter@mfn-berlin.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="60B41EFAC8F6E570AD1222C28ADB96A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4695A9F969219AAAAF0CBD6E58947D1D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D843A29E7FCD1CFC512BEEE9778382C">2024-01-18</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7BFA22A753861F150E63A774937F0193">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.5</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="329E3D51306315A9DB97B589CE905583">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E769C92ED6445FBF48DC8599962FE8E8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C2B934A3F62E45D277AAB78C6EAF11B6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="572D6FF32B717F73A8C7E75547825725" type="ZooBank">9C92DE83-EFD7-497C-999C-5C3A0CFDF830</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD18E49FF6B3C2BADB1F8F4" box="[151,445,1885,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD18E49FF6B3C2BADB1F8F4" blockId="1.[151,445,1885,1947]" box="[151,445,1885,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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<heading id="D08B8182FFD18E49FF6B3C2BADB1F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,445,1885,1911]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FF6B3C2BADB1F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,445,1885,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD18E49FF6B3C2BAD54F8F4" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,344,1885,1911]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FF6B3C2BAD54F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,344,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD18E49FE9C3C2BADB1F8F4" box="[352,445,1885,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD18E49FF6B3CF7AD1EF818" box="[151,274,1920,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD18E49FF6B3CF7AD1EF818" blockId="1.[151,445,1885,1947]" box="[151,274,1920,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD18E49FF633CF7AD06F818" box="[159,266,1920,1947]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1839,1863]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1419,198,1798]" captionTargetBox-1="[250,1338,197,1904]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetBox-3="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId-0="figure-31@3.[151,1436,181,1815]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@4.[235,1353,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-31@5.[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetId-3="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, C, E, holotype, MB.E.8577, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively. B, D, F, MB.E.8576, paratype, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively. Both specimens from the conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride prior to photography." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, C, E, paratype MB.E.8583, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively; conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry, Hannover. B, D, F, MB.E.8580, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively; conica/pappilosa Zone, Höver quarry." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, pore pairs in anterior aboral ambulacrum (paratype MB.E.8583, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, adapical ambulacrum (petal IV) (MB.E.8576, paratype, conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry). C, parafascioles is indicated by arrows (MB.E. 8576, paratype). D, peristomal area, with plastronal plates and periplastronal ambulacrals (MB.E.8577, holotype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561540" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561542" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561544" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10561540/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10561542/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10561544/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD18E4AFF6B3CC9AEDFFF6F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD18E49FF6B3CC9A8D3F854" blockId="1.[151,1247,1982,2037]" box="[151,1247,1982,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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? 1954
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD18E49FF1E3CC9AEBCF855" authority="Lambert" authorityName="Lambert" box="[226,688,1982,2007]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senonensis" subGenus="Isomicraster">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FF1E3CC9AD4AF855" box="[226,326,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Micraster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FEA83CC9ADD8F855" box="[340,468,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Isomicraster</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FE1F3CC9AE5DF855" box="[483,593,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">senonensis</emphasis>
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Lambert
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</taxonomicName>
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; Kermack, pl. 24, fig. 13; pl. 25, fig. 15; pl. 26, fig. 17.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD18E49FF6B3CABAF3DF876" blockId="1.[151,1247,1982,2037]" box="[151,817,2013,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">
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1972
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD18E49FF2C3CA8ADBCF876" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1887" box="[208,432,2013,2037]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gibbaster">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FF2C3CA8AD38F876" box="[208,308,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Micraster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD18E49FEBF3CABADA4F876" box="[323,424,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="81">Gibbaster</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.; Ernst, figs. 4, 2a; pl. 18, fig. 3–4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF6B3BE1AE4BFF2C" blockId="2.[151,1110,151,236]" box="[151,583,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
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1989
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFF2C3BE1AD57FF2D" box="[208,347,151,175]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Gibbaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF2C3BE1AD39FF2C" box="[208,309,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Gibbaster</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Frerichs, p.161, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF6B3BC0A85AFF4E" blockId="2.[151,1110,151,236]" box="[151,1110,181,205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
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pars 2012
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFEFD3BC0AE1FFF4E" authority="Lambert" authorityName="Lambert" box="[257,531,181,205]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stolleyi">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFEFD3BC0ADB8FF4E" box="[257,436,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Micraster stolleyi</emphasis>
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Lambert
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</taxonomicName>
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; Smith & Wright, p. 683, text-fig. 303; pl. 247, figs. 1–7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF6B3BA2AEDFFF6F" blockId="2.[151,1110,151,236]" box="[151,723,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
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2023
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFF2C3BA3AD56FF68" box="[208,346,212,236]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF2C3BA3AD38FF6F" box="[208,308,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Micraster</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Schlüter & Schneider, p. 57, fig. 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4AFF6B3A6CA963FE47" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF6B3A6CA963FE47" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF6B3A6CAD1EFEB7" bold="true" box="[151,274,282,308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Conical lateral profile with a polygonate outline; apical disc subcentral, periproct well below mid-height of the test. Generally slender labral plate with a smooth rim at its tip, largely covering the peristome. Peristome faces forward; the oral surface surrounding the peristome is slightly depressed. The peristome is relatively far away from the anterior margin (mean=20% of the test length): the periplastronal plates have a granular-mammilate surface; the perradial area in the plates of the petals is inflated. The anterior ambulacrum has aborally elongated pore pairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4AFF3B3AB8ACEFFDD6" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3AB8ACEFFDD6" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB3FFD28E4AFF3B3AB8A815FD8F" collectionCode="MB" country="Germany" location="Hannover" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MB.E.8577" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Saxony" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B3AB8AD18FE6B" bold="true" box="[199,276,462,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Types.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C7884CFFD28E4AFEE73AB8AD8FFE6B" box="[283,387,462,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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is
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<specimenCode id="DBDA9E95FFD28E4AFE583AB8AE2BFE6A" box="[420,551,462,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">MB.E.8577</specimenCode>
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from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFD683AB8AF7EFE6B" box="[660,882,462,488]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
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<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFD683AB8AF7EFE6B" box="[660,882,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Echinocorys conica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFC863AB8A881FE6A" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[890,1165,462,489]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFC863AB8A845FE6B" box="[890,1097,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Galeola pappilosa</emphasis>
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Zone
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</taxonomicName>
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, lower Campanian from the quarry adjacent to Höver, southeast of
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<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFD863A85AEE6FD8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFD863A85AEE6FD8E" box="[634,746,499,525]" country="Germany" name="Hannover" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Lower Saxony">Hannover</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD28E4AFD0A3A85AF91FD8F" box="[758,925,498,525]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD28E4AFC553A84A819FD8F" box="[937,1045,498,524]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB3FFD28E4AFBDD3A85AED1FDB2" collectionCode="MB" location="Teutonia Nord" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MB.E.8583, MB.E.8576" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54C7884CFFD28E4AFBDD3A85A880FD8E" box="[1057,1164,499,525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9E95FFD28E4AFB433A84A94DFD8E" box="[1215,1345,498,525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">MB.E.8583</specimenCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFAB63A85A999FD8F" box="[1354,1429,499,524]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFAB63A85A999FD8F" box="[1354,1429,499,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFF6B3960AE08FDB3" authority="Zone, Teutonia Nord" authorityName="Zone, Teutonia Nord" box="[151,516,534,561]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF6B3960AD09FDB3" box="[151,261,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone,
|
||
<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFEA13960AE08FDB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFEA13960AE08FDB3" box="[349,516,534,560]" name="Teutonia Nord" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Teutonia Nord</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quarry,
|
||
<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFD953961AED5FDB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFD953961AED5FDB2" box="[617,729,535,561]" name="Hannover" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Hannover</location>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB3FFD28E4AFD153960ACEFFDD6" collectionCode="MB" location="Teutonia Nord" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MB.E.8583, MB.E.8576" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9E95FFD28E4AFCE13960AFAEFDB2" box="[797,930,534,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">MB.E.8576</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFC4E3961AFF1FDB3" box="[946,1021,535,560]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFC4E3961AFF1FDB3" box="[946,1021,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFBF83960A8B6FDB2" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1028,1210,534,561]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFBF83960A87EFDB3" box="[1028,1138,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFB823961A8B6FDB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFB823961A8B6FDB2" box="[1150,1210,535,561]" name="Zone" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Zone</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower
|
||
<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFAEA3960A994FDB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFAEA3960A994FDB3" box="[1302,1432,534,560]" name="Campanian" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Campanian</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA36035FFD28E4AFF6B394DACD3FDD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F8FFD18E4FFF6B3C2BADAEFB92:8EA36035FFD28E4AFF6B394DACD3FDD6" box="[151,223,571,597]" name="Hover" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Höver</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4AFF3B3928AEDBFD1E" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3928AEDBFD1E" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B3928ADAAFDFB" bold="true" box="[199,422,606,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Derivatio nominis.</emphasis>
|
||
In honour of the late Gundolf Ernst, who contributed tremendously with his work to the knowledge of the evolution of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFD9D39F5AEC3FD1F" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[609,719,643,668]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFD9D39F5AEC3FD1F" box="[609,719,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4AFF3B39D0ADBAFCAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B39D0AFE0FD43" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" box="[199,1004,678,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B39D0AD97FD43" bold="true" box="[199,411,678,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Stratum typicum.</emphasis>
|
||
From the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFDF339D1AE56FD43" box="[527,602,679,704]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFDF339D1AE56FD43" box="[527,602,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD28E4AFD9D39D0AF1EFD42" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[609,786,678,705]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFD9D39D0AEC3FD43" box="[609,719,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B39BCADBAFCAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B39BCAD7FFD67" bold="true" box="[199,371,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Locus typicus.</emphasis>
|
||
The area southeast of Hannover,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD28E4AFD1339BDAF98FD67" box="[751,916,714,741]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD28E4AFC5C39BCA805FD67" box="[928,1033,714,740]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, i.e. the working limestone quarries in Hannover-Misburg, Teutonia Nord and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD28E4AFD8C3998AED2FC8B" box="[624,734,750,776]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Germania</collectingCountry>
|
||
IV, as well as the quarry in Höver in the vicinity of Hannover,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD28E4AFF6B3865AD30FCAF" box="[151,316,786,813]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD28E4AFEBB3864ADBDFCAF" box="[327,433,786,812]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4AFF3B3840A89CFCF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3840A89CFCF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B3840ADB4FCD3" bold="true" box="[199,440,822,848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
MB.E:8574, 8575 (ex leg. Duckstein), MB.E.8576, 8578, 8579, MB.E.8580, MB.E.8581– 8582 from the lower Campanian of Höver, vicinity of Hannover,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD28E4AFC8D382DA81BFCF7" box="[881,1047,858,885]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD28E4AFBDE382CA880FCF7" box="[1058,1164,858,884]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD28E4EFF3B3808AD49F9C0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3808AF81FB17" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD28E4AFF3B3808AD55FC1B" bold="true" box="[199,345,894,920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Cordiform and polygonate (more pronounced in larger specimens) in outline. The test is slightly wider than long (length/width ratio of the tests ranges from 1.00 to 1.07, mean=1.02, n=10). The tests have a somewhat conical lateral profile, rather rounded towards the apex. Specimen MB.E.8583 is clearly more conical in profile, tapering towards the apex. The test is highest approximately a bit posterior from the apical disc which has a slightly elongated outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFE213F78AE3AFBAA" box="[477,566,1038,1065]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is ethmophract, having four gonopores and an enlarged madreporite; the posterior genital plates are not separated by the madreporite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFCAC3F44AFA6FBCE" box="[848,938,1074,1101]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apical disc is in a subcentral position, somewhat anterior to the mid-length of the test, ranging from 34 to 44% of the test length (mean=40%, n=7) from the test length (measured from the anterior edge of ocular plate III).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3FE8AF31FA13" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The little sunken paired petals have conjugate anisopores with outer elongated pores. The perradius of the petals is weakly inflated (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD28E4AFE623FB5AE26FB5F" author="Rowe, A. W." box="[414,554,1218,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" pagination="494 - 547" refId="ref5203" refString="Rowe, A. W. (1899) An analysis of the genus Micraster, as determined by rigid zonal collecting from the zone of Rhynchonella Cuvieri to that of Micraster cor-anguinum. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 55, 494 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1899.055.01 - 04.34" type="journal article" year="1899">Rowe, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Olszewska-Neijbert, 2007;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFC913FB4AFCFFB5F" box="[877,963,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, pore pairs in anterior aboral ambulacrum (paratype MB.E.8583, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, adapical ambulacrum (petal IV) (MB.E.8576, paratype, conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry). C, parafascioles is indicated by arrows (MB.E. 8576, paratype). D, peristomal area, with plastronal plates and periplastronal ambulacrals (MB.E.8577, holotype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561544/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a shallow granular ridge adapically of the pore pairs. The anterior paired petals have a straight outline and bear 75 pore pairs per column at a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B0BFFD28E4AFF6B3E7CACEAFAA6" box="[151,230,1290,1317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the posterior petals bear 68 pore pairs per column at the same test length. The outline of the posterior paired petals is straight and only very slightly curved close to the apical disc. The anterior paired petals diverge with an angle of 122–150° (mean=130°, n=7), whereas the posterior paired petals diverge with an angle of 52–64° (mean=57°, n=6) (both measured in plan view from photos).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3EECAE3AF9A3" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Ambitally, ambulacrum III forms a very shallow anterior notch which leads adorally as a little depressed groove towards the faintly sunken peristome. Aborally, AIII is only very slightly sunken in an adapical direction where it shows conjugate anisopores with slightly more elongated outer pores. The surface of the ambulacrum III is granular and plating sutures are easily visible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3D5CAEEAF90F" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The amphisternous plastron has symmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFD313D5CAF29F9C6" box="[717,805,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) to asymmetrical sternal plates in specimen MB.E.8576 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFF633D38ACF5F9EA" box="[159,249,1614,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); in the latter case, the contact of the sternals to the labrum is convex, rather than concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFAF03D38A96FF9EA" box="[1292,1379,1614,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and their length is 46% of the test length (43–51%, n=8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD28E4AFF3B3DE0AD68F877" blockId="2.[151,1437,282,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The shape of the labral plate is slender with almost parallel sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD28E4AFC513DE0A804F932" box="[941,1032,1686,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labral plate is relatively short, equal to 10% of the test length (range: 7–13%, n=8). The tip of the labrum has a prominent smooth rim. The labrum is projecting and covers completely the peristome or in such a way that only a small part of the peristomal opening can be seen from the oral view. The second ambulacral plates (I.a.2 and I.b.2) adjacent to the labrum are relatively long, extending beyond the back of the labrum by about one-third of their length. The peristome is located in a slight depression and is obliquely facing forward. Its anterior margin is at a distance of 17–23% of the test length to the anterior edge of the test (mean=20%, n=9). Moderately-developed phyllodes comprise 4–6 enlarged isopores with a prominent interporal knob in ambulacrum II; III and IV, with smaller-sized pore pairs in ambulacrum I and V. Interambulacrum 2 and 3 are disjunct from the peristomal opening. Interambulacrum 1 and 5 on the oral surface are amphiplacous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF036666FFD38E4BFF6B3C59A848F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="83" startId="3.[151,250,1839,1863]" targetBox="[168,1419,198,1798]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD38E4BFF6B3C59A848F80C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1839,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD38E4BFF6B3C59AE12F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,542,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="83">
|
||
FIGURE 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD38E4BFEE03C59ADC8F8C4" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,452,1839,1863]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD38E4BFEE03C59ADC8F8C4" bold="true" box="[284,452,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="83">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD38E4BFE303C59AE12F8C4" box="[460,542,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C, E, holotype, MB.E.8577, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively. B, D, F, MB.E.8576, paratype, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively. Both specimens from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD38E4BFB963C22A8A2F8E8" box="[1130,1198,1876,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="3" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD38E4BFB963C22A8A2F8E8" box="[1130,1198,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="83">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD38E4BFB483C25A95BF8E8" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1204,1367,1875,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="3" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD38E4BFB483C25A914F8E8" box="[1204,1304,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="83">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Höver quarry. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride prior to photography.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF036666FFD48E4CFF6B3CE1AEAEF87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" startId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[250,1338,197,1904]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD48E4CFF6B3CE1AEAEF87B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFF6B3CE1AE2EF833" bold="true" box="[151,546,1943,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD48E4CFEE23CE1ADCBF82C" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[286,455,1943,1967]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFEE23CE1ADCBF82C" bold="true" box="[286,455,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD48E4CFE333CEEAE2EF833" box="[463,546,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C, E, paratype MB.E.8583, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD48E4CFAAE3CEEA99AF82C" box="[1362,1430,1944,1967]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFAAE3CEEA99AF82C" box="[1362,1430,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD48E4CFF6B3CCAAD37F850" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[151,315,1980,2004]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFF6B3CCAACF7F857" box="[151,251,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry, Hannover. B, D, F, MB.E.8580, in aboral, oral and lateral views, respectively;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD48E4CFEE33C96AD6FF874" box="[287,355,2016,2039]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFEE33C96AD6FF874" box="[287,355,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD48E4CFE963C96AE58F874" authority="Zone, Hover" authorityName="Zone, Hover" box="[362,596,2016,2040]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="4" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD48E4CFE963C96ADC2F87B" box="[362,462,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="84">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone, Höver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quarry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF036666FFD58E4DFF6B3DCBACE5F8E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" startId="5.[151,250,1725,1749]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1701]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD58E4DFF6B3DCBACE5F8E6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1725,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFF6B3DCBAE2FF956" bold="true" box="[151,547,1725,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
|
||
FIGURE 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFEE23DCBADCBF956" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[286,455,1725,1749]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFEE23DCBADCBF956" bold="true" box="[286,455,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD58E4DFE2C3DCBAE2FF956" box="[464,547,1725,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, pore pairs in anterior aboral ambulacrum (paratype MB.E.8583,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFB123DC8A93EF956" box="[1262,1330,1726,1749]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFB123DC8A93EF956" box="[1262,1330,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFAC43DCBACC2F97A" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFAC43DCBA990F956" box="[1336,1436,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, adapical ambulacrum (petal IV) (MB.E.8576, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFB1B3D94A927F97A" box="[1255,1323,1762,1785]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFB1B3D94A927F97A" box="[1255,1323,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFAC43D97ACC2F89E" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFAC43D97A990F97A" box="[1336,1436,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Höver quarry). C, parafascioles is indicated by arrows (MB.E. 8576, paratype). D, peristomal area, with plastronal plates and periplastronal ambulacrals (MB.E.8577, holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFC5A3C5CAFE6F8C2" box="[934,1002,1834,1857]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFC5A3C5CAFE6F8C2" box="[934,1002,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD58E4DFC0D3C5FA89EF8C2" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1009,1170,1833,1857]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD58E4DFC0D3C5FA859F8C2" box="[1009,1109,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Höver quarry).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF036666FFD68E4EFF6B3F21AFE2FB58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" startId="6.[151,250,1111,1135]" targetBox="[160,1436,187,1078]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4EFF6B3F21AFE2FB58" blockId="6.[151,1437,1111,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF6B3F21AE1FFBEC" bold="true" box="[151,531,1111,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFEE43F21ADB2FBEC" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,446,1111,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFEE43F21ADB2FBEC" bold="true" box="[280,446,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD68E4EFE3F3F21AE1FFBEC" box="[451,531,1111,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8583, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB933F2EA8BFFBEC" box="[1135,1203,1112,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB933F2EA8BFFBEC" box="[1135,1203,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB453F21A956FBEC" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1209,1370,1111,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB453F21A911FBEC" box="[1209,1309,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, plate drawing of the oral surface (MB.E.8577, holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB993F0AA8A5FB10" box="[1125,1193,1148,1171]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB993F0AA8A5FB10" box="[1125,1193,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB4A3F0DA954FB10" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1206,1368,1147,1171]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB4A3F0DA916FB10" box="[1206,1306,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Höver quarry); MB.E.13284). C, plate drawing of the apical disc (MB.E.8583, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB503FD6A8FCFB34" box="[1196,1264,1184,1207]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocorythidae" genus="Echinocorys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB503FD6A8FCFB34" box="[1196,1264,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB0A3FE9A995FB34" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1270,1433,1183,1207]" class="Echinoidea" family="Holasteridae" genus="Galeola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pappilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB0A3FE9A956FB34" box="[1270,1370,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">pappilosa</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). Fractures were neglected in the drawings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4EFF3B3E5BAF68FA5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
The periplastronal ambulacral plates reveal scattered tubercles surrounded by a granular-mammilate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A6BFFD68E4EFF633E27ACF0FAEF" box="[159,252,1361,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[151,1436,181,1701]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Micraster ernsti sp. nov. A, pore pairs in anterior aboral ambulacrum (paratype MB.E.8583, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Teutonia Nord quarry). B, adapical ambulacrum (petal IV) (MB.E.8576, paratype, conica/ pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry). C, parafascioles is indicated by arrows (MB.E. 8576, paratype). D, peristomal area, with plastronal plates and periplastronal ambulacrals (MB.E.8577, holotype, conica/pappilosa Zone, lower Campanian, Höver quarry)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper surface has densely arranged granules with sparse small tubercles. Aligned granules can be seen shortly above the oral surface from the distal ends of the paired petals to the ambitus, resembling parafascioles (
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF5D3EECACD3FA30" box="[161,223,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD68E4EFF163EEFADF5FA37" author="Neraudeau, D. & David, B. & Madon, C." box="[234,505,1433,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="323 - 333" refId="ref4886" refString="Neraudeau, D., David, B. & Madon, C. (1998) Tuberculation in spatangoid fascioles: Delineating plausible homologies. Lethaia, 31, 323 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1998. tb 00522. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Néraudeau
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFE923EECADA7FA30" box="[366,427,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); such parafascioles can be also found at the lower third of the junction of the interambulacral plates (interradius) in interambulacrum 1 and 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4EFF3B3E97A86DFA7F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1325,2036]" box="[199,1121,1505,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">The adapical edge of the periproct is 37–49% of the test height (mean=43%, n=8).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4EFF3B3D70AD49F9C0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">In contrast, no traces of a subanal fasciole were found in any specimen and the posterior face is truncated and almost vertical.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3666565FFD68E4FFF3B3D38ADAEFB92" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4EFF3B3D38A8FAF804" blockId="6.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF3B3D38AD37F9EB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1614,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFEBD3D38AE0AF9E4" box="[321,518,1613,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFEBD3D38ADA3F9E4" box="[321,431,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a more inflated and conical shape, a low-positioned periproct and subpetaloid anterior ambulacra were traditionally referred to as the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFC7A3D07A8B2F90F" authority="(Gauthier, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Gauthier" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[902,1214,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gibbaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFC7A3D07AFFAF908" box="[902,1014,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Gibbaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD68E4EFBFB3D07A8BAF90F" author="Gauthier, V." box="[1031,1206,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="527 - 534" refId="ref4491" refString="Gauthier, V. (1888) Types nouveaux d'Echinides cretaces. Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences Comptes Rendus, 16, 527 - 534." type="journal article" year="1888">Gauthier, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD68E4EFB303D07A966F90F" author="Stokes, R. B." box="[1228,1386,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref5784" refString="Stokes, R. B. (1975) Royaumes et provinces fauniques du Cretace etablis sur la base d'une etude systematique du genre Micraster. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie C, 31, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1975">Stokes (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Schlüter
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF043DE0AD22F92C" box="[248,302,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023) declined to further subdivide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFD413DE0AF27F92C" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[701,811,1686,1711]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFD413DE0AF27F92C" box="[701,811,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFCA33DE3AFC3F92C" box="[863,975,1685,1711]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Gibbaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFCA33DE3AFC3F92C" box="[863,975,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Gibbaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB9F3DE3A8DFF92C" box="[1123,1235,1685,1711]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Gibbaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB9F3DE3A8DFF92C" box="[1123,1235,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Gibbaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFF323DCCAD30F950" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[206,316,1722,1747]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF323DCCAD30F950" box="[206,316,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the polyphyletic development in the shape of the test. In addition, the subpetaloid development in ambulacrum III can also occur in specimens which would be commonly addressed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB9A3DA8A8D8F974" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[1126,1236,1758,1783]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB9A3DA8A8D8F974" box="[1126,1236,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, Schlüter
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFF6B3C74ACC3F898" box="[151,207,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023) found that the subpetaloid development in ambulacrum III and the degree of the test inflation can vary dramatically within species from the Santonian of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD68E4EFCC43C53AFA4F8BC" box="[824,936,1829,1855]" country="Spain" name="Cantabria" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Cantabria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD68E4EFC483C53AFFBF8BC" box="[948,1015,1829,1855]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In particular, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFB443C50AD59F8E7" authority="(Lambert 1920 a)" baseAuthorityName="Lambert" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mengaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFB443C50A990F8BC" box="[1208,1436,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster mengaudi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD68E4EFF633C3FAD40F8E7" author="Lambert, J." box="[159,332,1865,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref4789" refString="Lambert, J. (1920 a) Echinides fossiles des environs de Santander recueilis par M. L. Mengaud. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 67, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1920">Lambert 1920a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFE703C3CAE62F8E0" box="[396,622,1865,1891]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quebrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFE703C3CAE62F8E0" box="[396,622,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Micraster quebrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, intraspecific variation ranges from non-petaloid to sub-petaloid in pore pair development in ambulacrum III, and the test shape can range from rather flat to highly inflated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD68E4FFF3B3CE7AE97FEC2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1325,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Regarding the history of the herein-described species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD68E4EFCC83CE4AFDDF828" author="Ernst" box="[820,977,1937,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4320" refString="Ernst, G. (1970 b) Zur Stammesgeschichte und stratigraphischen Bedeutung der Echiniden-Gattung Micraster in der nordwestdeutschen Oberkreide. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaeontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 39, 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1970">Ernst (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified several specimens of what he assumed at this time to be an undescribed species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD68E4EFC7C3CC3AFFCF84C" box="[896,1008,1973,1999]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Gibbaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD68E4EFC7C3CC3AFFCF84C" box="[896,1008,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Gibbaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These were from sandy, glauconitic marls from different localities in southern western Munsterland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD68E4EFC753CACAFFDF877" box="[905,1009,2010,2036]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
and this material was dated ranging from upper Santonian to early lower Campanian. Judging by the architecture of the oral surface (dimension of the labrum, presence of a smooth rim at its tip, position of the peristome) and the polygonate outline, this material is indistinguishable from the specimens described herein. However, the Munsterland material is flatter in the lateral profile. Ernst also mentioned the absence of a subanal fasciole in the Santonian specimens and the presence of a subanal fasciole in the Campanian specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336EEFFD78E4FFF3B3A3DADAEFB92" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Differences in test height as well as the development of a subanal fasciole may also have been caused by phenotypic plasticity in response to differences in the sediment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFC953A19A801FE0A" author="Schluter, N." box="[873,1037,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref5296" refString="Schluter, N. (2016) Ecophenotypic variation and developmental instability in the late Cretaceous echinoid Micraster brevis (Irregularia; Spatangoida). PLoS ONE, 11, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0148341" type="journal article" year="2016">Schlüter 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, these differences are most likely due to intraspecific variations and are insufficient to address both forms as distinct species. Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFF6B3AC1AD46FE53" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,330,439,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFF6B3AC1AD46FE53" box="[151,330,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFEB23AC1ADAAFE52" bold="true" box="[334,422,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFEB23AC1ADAAFE52" box="[334,422,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can likely be dated back to the upper Santonian, as present in the Munsterland; unfortunately, the material described by Ernst from there could not be traced. Other late Santonian and Campanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFAD23AADACE4FD9A" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFAD23AADA990FE77" box="[1326,1436,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which also show a subpetaloid ambulacrum III, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFCCD3A89A8BFFD9A" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[817,1203,511,537]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFCCD3A89AFFDFD9A" box="[817,1009,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFC033A89A8A7FD9A" author="Lamarck, J. - B. M. de" box="[1023,1195,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" refId="ref4701" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. M. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome 2. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFB463A89AD54FDBE" authority="(Gauthier, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Gauthier" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fastigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFB463A89A990FD9A" box="[1210,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster fastigatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFF633955AD5CFDBE" author="Gauthier, V." box="[159,336,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="367 - 399" refId="ref4445" refString="Gauthier, V. (1887) Echinides. Description des especes de la craie de Reims et de quelques especes nouvelles de l'Aube et de l'Yonne. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l'Yonne, 41, 367 - 399." type="journal article" year="1887">Gauthier, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFE953955AEF3FDBE" authority="(Lambert, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Lambert" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[361,767,547,573]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stolleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFE953955AE38FDBE" box="[361,564,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster stolleyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFDB43955AEFAFDBE" author="Lambert, J." box="[584,758,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="957 - 971" refId="ref4731" refString="Lambert, J. (1901) Essai d'une monographie du genre Micraster et notes sur quelques echinites. Errata et addenda. In: Grossouvre, A. (Ed.), Recherches sur la Craie superieur. Memoires du Service de la Carte geologique de France, 23, pp. 957 - 971." type="journal article" year="1901">Lambert, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have a more conical, inflated test and a low-positioned periproct, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFE813931AE3FFDE3" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[381,563,583,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFE813931AE3FFDE3" box="[381,563,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFDC73931AE99FDE2" bold="true" box="[571,661,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFDC73931AE99FDE2" box="[571,661,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, can be easily distinguished by the position of their peristome which is closer to the anterior margin, their more projecting labrum and the granular tip of the labrum. Another very distinctive feature is the polygonal-shaped outline of the test in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFC7239F9A844FD2B" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[910,1096,655,680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFC7239F9A844FD2B" box="[910,1096,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFBA839F9A8BEFD2A" bold="true" box="[1108,1202,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFBA839F9A8BEFD2A" box="[1108,1202,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFACA39F9ACEEFD4E" author="Kermack, K. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="375 - 428" refId="ref4576" refString="Kermack, K. A. (1954) A biometrical study of Micraster coranguinum and M. (Isomicraster) senonensis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 237, 375 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1954.0001" type="journal article" year="1954">Kermack (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated a specimen from the Santonian (Northfleet,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F80CFFD78E4FFCA039C5AF99FD4E" box="[860,917,691,717]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD78E4FFC5E39C5AFC0FD4E" box="[930,972,691,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
) closely resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFB4739C5A97EFD4F" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1211,1394,691,716]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFB4739C5A97EFD4F" box="[1211,1394,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFA8739C5ACC4FD72" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFA8739C5ACC4FD72" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the outline and the position of the peristome that may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFC3739A1A88EFD73" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[971,1154,727,752]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFC3739A1A88EFD73" box="[971,1154,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFB7639A1A8E9FD72" bold="true" box="[1162,1253,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFB7639A1A8E9FD72" box="[1162,1253,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFF6B398DAE38FC97" box="[151,564,763,789]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senonensis" subGenus="Isomicraster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFF6B398DAD09FC97" box="[151,261,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFEE6398DADA4FC97" box="[282,424,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Isomicraster</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFE47398DAE38FC97" box="[443,564,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">senonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFDBA398DAF34FC97" box="[582,824,763,788]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFDBA398DAF34FC97" box="[582,824,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster senonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is undoubtedly a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFB5D398DA969FC96" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1185,1381,763,789]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFB5D398DA969FC96" box="[1185,1381,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFF6B3869ADACFCBA" author="Smith, A. B. & Wright, C. V." box="[151,416,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="635 - 754" refId="ref5730" refString="Smith, A. B. & Wright, C. V. (2012) British Cretaceous echinoids. Part 9, Atelostomata, 2. Spatangoida (2). Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 166, 635 - 754. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12131819" type="journal article" year="2012">Smith & Wright, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Campanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFD883869AFF1FCBA" authority="Cotteau, 1889" authorityName="Cotteau" authorityYear="1889" box="[628,1021,799,825]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gourdoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFD883869AF5FFCBA" box="[628,851,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster gourdoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1FFFD78E4FFCA13869AFF1FCBA" author="Cotteau, G." box="[861,1021,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" pagination="87 - 89" refId="ref4149" refString="Cotteau, G. (1889) Echinides cretaces de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 14, 87 - 89." type="journal article" year="1889">Cotteau, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B767EFFD78E4FFBB43869A898FCBA" box="[1096,1172,799,825]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
also has a subpetaloid ambulacrum III, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C7884CFFD78E4FFE7C3835ADBCFCDE" box="[384,432,835,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen has a somewhat polygonal outline but is very different to the herein described species by the peristome close to the anterior margin, the strongly projecting labrum and the longer posterior petals. The late Santonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFE8F38FDAE59FC26" box="[371,597,907,933]" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quebrada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFE8F38FDAE59FC26" box="[371,597,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster quebrada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar position of the peristome, however, is significantly different in the non-projecting labrum and downward-facing peristome. The morphological distinctions between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6DFFD78E4FFAD238D9ACDBFC6F" authority="Schlüter, 2024" authorityName="Schlüter" authorityYear="2024" class="Echinoidea" family="Micrasteridae" genus="Micraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernsti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFAD238D9ACDBFC6F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Micraster ernsti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAFCFFD78E4FFF2338A5AD35FC6E" bold="true" box="[223,313,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B5787FFD78E4FFF2338A5AD35FC6E" box="[223,313,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the here-discussed species, and few other (contemporary) species, as well as additional details, are consolidated in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE0355FFD78E4FFEB43881AD90FB92" box="[328,412,1015,1041]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,710,736]" captionTargetBox="[162,2013,787,1479]" captionTargetId="graphics-56@8.[352,2037,1024,1314]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological distinctions between Micraster ernsti sp. nov., the species discussed herein, and other (contemporary) species, with emphasis on their inferred ecological niches. Similar features of each species are depicted in matching shades of gray to emphasize their differences." pageId="7" pageNumber="87">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |