417 lines
52 KiB
XML
417 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="8B0034E9481F3305B423B5B305F1450C" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624287261" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2007" docId="03CE87EB49660701FF36FA5BFC83D807" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01404p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1404" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corynoneura eocenica Published 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFF7FF9349730719FFA1FF88FFC8DE5F" masterDocTitle="Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698992602245" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8FB15EF83FFB292B29DF5BDF18831F6B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A8862E4D84BEBEFA20F53A2A55D1D888">
|
||
<mods:title id="CF942918C79289BDD91C72CD0323EDED">Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B2DC647E008B7DCFCE1F32D77DB1A765" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="09FA84CF6C1448A451C7ABAF262E9F1F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="34377CFCEB5F8D20E335B726DA402D98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1DFFA085C6F2FC3EE9696B919299027B">Published, First</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="840D0176DBA8B46FC1D56F6E19AE67FB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="69D4021F2BCA8A2F872C6E92943F2A44" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FFED7899A70DDCB58FD3ACF6C236E0FF">
|
||
<mods:title id="4696C04EBD9A61BB66A2557A738D651F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6F8F9C0DFB72E3C7EBDDCD60AA399161">
|
||
<mods:date id="61D5D9717ACC466D5F88073547510831">2007</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C9153C8C7549447851938A76EEEF9DEC" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="C9D0592B9D1043F5D771A731038832B3">2007-02-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CA84A52630394C7EF212175A36A83B32" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C1653D8EEA0EA454C26D21A53257F41D">1404</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1D6B8EA40F17D91B05F32C194BA54052" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B0BA4CF6D1EB014757A78EB104067DC6">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F9C3F40F383AD38FDDBE60AB5C8831C2">66</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C78D4D8278A0C9F95EEDED73A318490F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7D02595C8317E64A35D378466F4CCD16" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CE87EB49660701FF36FA5BFC83D807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87EB49660701FF36FA5BFC83D807" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87EB49660701FF36FA5BFC83D807" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764966070CFF36FA5BFE3BDBB2" box="[151,499,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4966070CFF36FA5BFE3BDBB2" blockId="21.[151,668,1422,1552]" box="[151,499,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="D09081914966070CFF36FA5BFE3BDBB2" bold="true" box="[151,499,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4966070CFF36FA5BFE3BDBB2" bold="true" box="[151,499,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4966070CFF36FA5BFE60DBB2" ID-CoL="8BL9T" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,424,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4966070CFF36FA5BFE60DBB2" bold="true" box="[151,424,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Corynoneura eocenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057944966070CFE11FA5BFE3BDBB2" box="[432,499,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764966070CFF36FA7EFEFDD84F" box="[151,309,1526,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4966070CFF36FA7EFEFDD84F" blockId="21.[151,668,1422,1552]" box="[151,309,1526,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A784966070CFF3EFA7EFF36D84F" box="[159,254,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[406,1155,184,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-66@23.[386,1197,174,1940]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 19. Corynoneura eocenica n. sp., holotype PA 15003, photograph of habitus." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
–21)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764966070CFF36F9B0FC87D80C" box="[151,847,1592,1619]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4966070CFF36F9B0FC87D80C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1592,2022]" box="[151,847,1592,1619]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4966070CFF36F9B0FEEFD80D" bold="true" box="[151,295,1592,1618]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after the Eocene period.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764966070CFF67F9E8FA87D941" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4966070CFF67F9E8FA87D941" blockId="21.[151,1437,1592,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4966070CFF67F9E8FE80D825" bold="true" box="[198,328,1632,1658]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae with 11 flagellomeres; 4 setae on apical antennal segment forming rosette, with plume hairs basally; eyes bare; radius froming thick clavus, before midpoint of wing and well basal of Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84966070CFA2DF911FA5CD8F8" attach="right" box="[1420,1428,1689,1703]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
|
||
; weak ‘false’ vein continuing from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F4966070CFDE6F93CFDB0D891" box="[583,632,1716,1742]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">RM</collectingRegion>
|
||
; surface of scutellum with 4 long setae; scutal tubercle probably absent; dorsocentrals uniserial and decumbent; keel only on fore trochanter; hind tibia broadened at apex; gonostylus hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward, short, with apical megasetae but no crista dorsalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D65764966070FFF67F8A3FA50DBAB" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4966070FFF67F8A3FD5EDD37" blockId="21.[151,1437,1592,2022]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1439,152,2004]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4966070CFF67F8A3FEA9D91A" bold="true" box="[198,353,1835,1861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Male head deformed,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184966070CFDC9F8A4FD07D919" box="[616,719,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; ocelli absent; antenna
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184966070CFBBFF8A4FB4DD919" box="[1054,1157,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, much longer than head, distinctly hairy, with 11 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184966070CFBE1F8DCFB71D931" box="[1088,1209,1876,1902]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.008">0.008 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, longest
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184966070CFAC7F8DCFF0DD9C9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), pedicel broad and short, rounded, 11th flagellomere much longer, rounded apically,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184966070CFB5CF8F4FA9FD9C9" box="[1277,1367,1916,1942]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, four setae on apical antenna forming one rosette, with carries plume hairs basally on terminal segment; eyes bare, with small dorsomedial extension, with 3 or fewer rows of ommatidia at minimum width; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; 5 palpomeres with numerous setae, but p3 with 2 distinctly longer apical setae; clypeus with few dorsal setae; postocular, frontal, inner vertical and outer vertical setae not visible, maybe absent. Thorax
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEF1FF60FE72DF5D" box="[336,442,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, much longer than
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFD42FF60FC85DF5D" box="[739,845,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC01FF60FC34DF5D" box="[928,1020,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; postnotum bare, with visible longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with 4 long setae; scutal tubercle not visible, probably absent; acrostichals and dorsocentrals uniserial and decumbent; scutum without median longitudinal groove; epimeron II, posterior mesanepisternum II, and dorsal antepronotum bare; anapleural suture distinct. Wing macropterous,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEE6FE00FE79DFFD" box="[327,433,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.71">0.71 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFE5FFE00FDA0DFFD" box="[510,616,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, hyaline, membrane bare; anal vein An
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFB21FE10FB40DFF9" attach="left" box="[1152,1160,408,422]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
absent; radius forming thick clavus, before midpoint of wing and well basal of Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFCF4FE4BFC95DF8E" attach="left" box="[853,861,451,465]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
; weak ‘false’ vein continuing from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F4965070FFAAAFE3AFAF4DF93" box="[1291,1340,434,460]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">RM</collectingRegion>
|
||
, closely parallel to costal margin, distally vanishing in wing membrane slightly basal to level of apex of M; M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFAF0FE65FAA2DFA4" attach="left" box="[1361,1386,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1+2</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFF10FD91FF01DC78" attach="left" box="[177,201,537,551]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3+4</subScript>
|
||
present; crossvein MCu absent, anal lobe not developed. Halter
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC44FD81FB98DC7C" box="[997,1104,521,547]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Fore femur
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFA91FD81FA53DC7C" box="[1328,1435,521,547]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEB4FDBBFEB5DC12" box="[277,381,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tarsus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFDB2FDBBFDB4DC12" box="[531,636,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; mid femur
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFCE9FDBBFC79DC12" box="[840,945,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB97FDBBFB57DC12" box="[1078,1183,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tarsus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFA95FDBBFA54DC12" box="[1332,1436,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; hind femur
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEC7FDD3FE06DC2A" box="[358,462,603,629]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFDF6FDD3FD09DC2A" box="[599,705,603,629]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tarsus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFCF8FDD3FC0ADC2A" box="[857,962,603,629]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; strong keel on fore trochanter but not on other legs (clearly visible in PA 7074, less visible in other specimens); 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BB54965070FFB9FFD0BFB82DCCE" attach="left" box="[1086,1098,643,657]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">th</superScript>
|
||
tarsomeres of all legs cordiform and shorter than tarsomere 5; presence of welldeveloped hind tibial comb; hind tibia broadened at apex, broadest part 2 times as broad as narrowest part. Abdomen
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFCF6FD5EFC79DCAF" box="[855,945,726,752]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC5FFD5EFBAEDCAF" box="[1022,1126,726,752]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with few long setae on mid line of tergites; gonostylus narrow and elongate,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC8FFD76FC5EDD47" box="[814,918,766,792]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC41FD76FB9FDD47" box="[992,1111,766,792]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.008">0.008 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward, with apical megasetae but no crista dorsalis; gonocoxite
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB8EFCAEFB51DD1F" box="[1071,1177,806,832]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB48FCAEFA9CDD1F" box="[1257,1364,806,832]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with long setae; anal point weak, if present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4965070FFAAEFE65FAE0DFA4" blockId="22.[151,1439,152,2004]" box="[1295,1320,493,507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFAAEFE65FAE0DFA4" attach="right" box="[1295,1320,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3+4</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4965070FFF67FCFEFA50DBAB" blockId="22.[151,1439,152,2004]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Female head deformed; ocelli absent; antenna
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFD56FCFEFCA9DDCF" box="[759,865,886,912]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, shorter than head, with few setae, with 5 flagellomeres, pedicel narrow and short, rounded, 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BB54965070FFD52FC16FD37DDF3" attach="left" box="[755,767,926,940]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">th</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere much longer than other flagellomeres,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFAC8FC29FF0DDDBC" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, numerous short setae on half of terminal segment, without setae basally; eyes bare, without dorsomedian extension; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; 5 palpomeres; clypeus with few dorsal setae; with 2 postocular setae, frontal and inner vertical and outer vertical setae not visible, maybe absent. Thorax
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFF36FBC9FF3BDA04" box="[151,243,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEE5FBC9FE78DA04" box="[324,432,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFDA4FBC9FDB8DA04" box="[517,624,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; postnotum bare, with longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with 4 long setae; scutal tubercle not visible, probably absent; acrostichals uniserial and decumbent, dorsocentral setae not visible; scutum without median longitudinal groove. Wing macropterous,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFA91FB19FA54DAF4" box="[1328,1436,1169,1195]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFF7BFB31FE8BDA8C" box="[218,323,1209,1235]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, hyaline, membrane bare; anal vein An
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFCF4FB41FC95DA88" attach="left" box="[853,861,1225,1239]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
absent; radius forming thick clavus, before midpoint of wing and well basal of Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFD91FB7CFDF0DB5D" attach="left" box="[560,568,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
; weak ‘false’ vein continuing from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F4965070FFC41FB6CFBD8DAA1" box="[992,1040,1252,1278]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">RM</collectingRegion>
|
||
, closely parallel to costal margin, distally vanishing in wing membrane slightly basal to level of apex of M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFC4FFA97FBC0DB72" attach="left" box="[1006,1032,1311,1325]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3+4</subScript>
|
||
; M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFB90FA97FB82DB72" attach="left" box="[1073,1098,1311,1325]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1+2</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B84965070FFB3FFA97FB70DB72" attach="left" box="[1182,1208,1311,1325]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3+4</subScript>
|
||
present; crossvein MCu absent, anal lobe not developed. Halter
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFD17FAB2FCE8DB0B" box="[694,800,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Fore femur
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC5AFAB2FBADDB0B" box="[1019,1125,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB51FAB2FA91DB0B" box="[1264,1369,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; mid femur
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFEB8FAEAFE4ADB23" box="[281,386,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFDA8FAEAFDAADB23" box="[521,610,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tarsus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFD5BFAEAFCAADB23" box="[762,866,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFC4BFAEAFB9ADB23" box="[1002,1106,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, much than tarsus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFACDFAEAFF0DDBFB" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; strong keel on fore trochanter but not on other legs (not visible in this specimen); 4th tarsomeres of all legs cordiform and shorter than tarsomere 5; presence of welldeveloped hind tibial comb; hind tibia broadened at apex, broadest part 2 times as broad as narrowest part. Abdomen
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB95FA52FB55DBAB" box="[1076,1181,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184965070FFB46FA52FA98DBAB" box="[1255,1360,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657649650701FF67F98AFEE5DD88" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4965070FFF67F98AFE4CD98B" blockId="22.[151,1439,152,2004]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFF67F98AFE9CD843" bold="true" box="[198,340,1538,1564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
In the key to dipteran families of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFD7EF98AFC66D843" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[735,942,1538,1564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 124" refId="ref38752" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1981) Key to families, adult. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 89 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1981">McAlpine (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, our specimens fall in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFA92F98AFF2BD81B" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Nearctic keys to genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFDCEF9A2FCC6D81B" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[623,782,1578,1604]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="423 - 457" refId="ref39516" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1981) Chironomidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 423 - 457." type="book chapter" year="1981">Oliver (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and to the key to Holarctic subfamilies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFB5FF9A2FEDCD833" author="Oliver, D. R. & Dillon, M. E." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="11 - 15" refId="ref39667" refString="Oliver, D. R. & Dillon, M. E. (1989) The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - key to subfamilies. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.). Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica, (Supplement), 34, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliver & Dillon (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and to Palaearctic subfamilies in Saether et al. (2000), they fall in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFB4FF9DAFA54D833" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1929" box="[1262,1436,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the following characters: macropterous, wing extending posterior to first abdominal segment; crossvein MCu absent; tarsomere ta5 not trifid; gonostylus movable, folded inward; fore tarsomere ta1 shorter than fore tibia; and hind tibial comb consisting of free spiniform setae. They are in the genus group {
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFF04F97AFDCAD953" authority="Winnertz, 1846" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[165,514,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFF04F97AFE89D954" box="[165,321,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
Winnertz, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFDB1F97AFD0ED954" box="[528,710,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer, 1909,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFCDDF97AFAF5D953" authority="Andersen & Saether, 2005" authorityName="Andersen & Saether" authorityYear="2005" box="[892,1341,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Onconeura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFCDDF97AFBC8D954" box="[892,1024,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Onconeura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFBA9F97AFAF5D953" author="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[1032,1341,1778,1804]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref36250" refString="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2005) Onconeura, a new Neotropical orthoclad genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa, 957, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Andersen & Saether, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFAEAF97AFDEAD96B" authority="Ferrington & Saether, 1995" authorityName="Ferrington & Saether" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Physoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFAEAF97AFF13D96C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Physoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFF42F892FDEAD96B" author="Ferrington, L. C. & Saether, O. A." box="[227,546,1818,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref37374" refString="Ferrington, L. C. & Saether, O. A. (1995) Physoneura, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Patagonia and South Chile (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic insects, 17, 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="1995">Ferrington & Saether, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFD8FF892FBFFD96B" authority="Epler & de la Rosa, 1995" authorityName="Epler & de la Rosa" authorityYear="1995" box="[558,1079,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tempisquitoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFD8FF892FCC9D96C" box="[558,769,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tempisquitoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFCA8F892FBFFD96B" author="Epler, J. H. & de la Rosa, C. L." box="[777,1079,1818,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref37289" refString="Epler, J. H. & de la Rosa, C. L. (1995) Tempisquitoneura, a new genus of Neotropical Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) symphoretic on Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 14, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="1995">Epler & de la Rosa, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFBE2F892FA5FD96B" authority="Fittkau, 1974" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1974" box="[1091,1431,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Ichthyocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFBE2F892FB38D96C" box="[1091,1264,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ichthyocladius</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4965070FFF36F8CAFE2BD903" authority="Harrison, 1997" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,483,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Notocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFF36F8CAFEEDD904" box="[151,293,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Notocladius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFE8DF8CAFE2BD903" author="Harrison, A. D." box="[300,483,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="375 - 386" refId="ref37978" refString="Harrison, A. D. (1997) Two Small Orthocladinae (Chironomidae, Diptera) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the Cape Province Museum (Natural History), 19, 375 - 386." type="journal article" year="1997">Harrison, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
} because of the following characters: presence of a thick clavus before midpoint of wing and of a ‘false vein’, and all tarsomeres ta4 cordiform and shorter than ta5 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFB09F8E2FA5FD9DB" author="Mendes, F. & Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[1192,1431,1898,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref38839" refString="Mendes, F., Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2004) New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura - group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mendes
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4965070FFAB0F8E2FA80D9DC" box="[1297,1352,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFF36F81AFE03D9F3" author="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[151,459,1938,1964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref36250" refString="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2005) Onconeura, a new Neotropical orthoclad genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa, 957, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Andersen & Saether 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The exact nature of the clavus and ‘false vein’ remains controversial (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C4965070FFA89F81AFEBFD98B" author="Saether, O. A. & Kristoffersen, L." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 232" refId="ref40464" refString="Saether, O. A. & Kristoffersen, L. (1996) Chironomids with " M-fork ". A reevaluation of the wing venation of the Corynoneura - group. Spixiana, 19, 229 - 232." type="journal article" year="1996">Saether & Kristoffersen 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1866754964070EFF36F81DFBF1D9F3" box="[151,1081,1941,1965]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,255,1941,1965]" targetBox="[406,1155,184,1904]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4964070EFF36F81DFBF1D9F3" blockId="23.[151,1389,1941,2034]" box="[151,1081,1941,1965]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFF36F81DFEEED9F2" bold="true" box="[151,294,1941,1965]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4964070EFE8CF81DFDE9D9F3" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,545,1941,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFE8CF81DFDE9D9F3" box="[301,545,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Corynoneura eocenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057944964070EFD86F81DFDAAD9F3" box="[551,610,1941,1964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype PA 15003, photograph of habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD4964070EFF36F83FFAA5D9AE" blockId="23.[151,1389,1941,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFF36F83FFEEED990" bold="true" box="[151,294,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4964070EFE8CF830FDE9D990" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,545,1976,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFE8CF830FDE9D990" box="[301,545,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Corynoneura eocenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057944964070EFD86F830FDAAD990" box="[551,610,1976,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F4964070EFDCFF830FD03D990" box="[622,715,1976,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 15003, drawing of general habitus (scale bar =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184964070EFB4EF830FA8DD990" box="[1263,1349,1976,1999]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFF36F852FEEED9AD" bold="true" box="[151,294,2010,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E4964070EFE8CF852FDE9D9AE" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,545,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF4964070EFE8CF852FDE9D9AE" box="[301,545,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Corynoneura eocenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057944964070EFD86F852FDAAD9AE" box="[551,610,2010,2033]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F4964070EFDCFF852FD01D9AE" box="[622,713,2010,2033]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 7074, drawing of fore trochanter (Tr) (scale bar =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B184964070EFAADF852FAAAD9AE" box="[1292,1378,2010,2033]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD496B0701FF67FF10FC15DC30" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The thickened clavus distinctly basal to Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B8496B0701FD1CFF20FD0DDEE9" attach="left" box="[701,709,168,182]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1</subScript>
|
||
of our fossils excludes affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FB22FF10FE97DE83" authority="(Ferrington & Saether, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Ferrington & Saether" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Physoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FB22FF10FAC7DEEE" box="[1155,1295,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Physoneura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FABFFF10FE9EDE83" author="Ferrington, L. C. & Saether, O. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref37374" refString="Ferrington, L. C. & Saether, O. A. (1995) Physoneura, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Patagonia and South Chile (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic insects, 17, 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="1995">Ferrington & Saether, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The absence of a trochanter keel on the mid and hind legs, the hind tibia apex broadened, and the ta4 cordiform exclude affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FD15FF63FB4DDF5B" authority="(Andersen & Saether 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Andersen & Saether" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[692,1157,234,260]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Onconeura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FD15FF63FCF0DF5B" box="[692,824,235,260]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Onconeura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FCE8FF62FBB5DF5B" author="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[841,1149,234,260]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref36250" refString="Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2005) Onconeura, a new Neotropical orthoclad genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa, 957, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Andersen & Saether 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The reduced or absent scutal tubercle, the presence of a welldeveloped hind tibial comb, and the cordiform ta4 of our fossils exclude affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FEE7FEB3FD33DF0B" authority="(Mendes et al. 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Mendes" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[326,763,314,340]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Ichthyocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FEE7FEB3FE3BDF0B" box="[326,499,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ichthyocladius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FDA5FEB2FD3BDF0B" author="Mendes, F. & Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[516,755,314,340]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref38839" refString="Mendes, F., Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2004) New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura - group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mendes
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FDCDFEB3FD6ADF0B" box="[620,674,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The reduced anal lobe of our fossils excludes affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FF73FEEBFD28DF23" authority="(Epler & de la Rosa 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Epler & de la Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[210,736,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tempisquitoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FF73FEEBFE6DDF23" box="[210,421,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tempisquitoneura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FE12FEEAFD10DF23" author="Epler, J. H. & de la Rosa, C. L." box="[435,728,354,380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref37289" refString="Epler, J. H. & de la Rosa, C. L. (1995) Tempisquitoneura, a new genus of Neotropical Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) symphoretic on Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 14, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="1995">Epler & de la Rosa 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FD4BFEEBFC68DF23" box="[746,928,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FC79FEEBFBBCDF23" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[984,1140,355,380]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FC79FEEBFBBCDF23" box="[984,1140,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more difficult to separate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FF7EFE03FEA5DFFB" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1997" box="[223,365,395,420]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Notocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FF7EFE03FEA5DFFB" box="[223,365,395,420]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Notocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FE09FE03FD96DFFB" box="[424,606,395,420]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
have eyes hairy or pubescent, unlike our fossils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FB0BFE02FA91DFFB" author="Harrison, A. D." box="[1194,1369,394,420]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="375 - 386" refId="ref37978" refString="Harrison, A. D. (1997) Two Small Orthocladinae (Chironomidae, Diptera) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the Cape Province Museum (Natural History), 19, 375 - 386." type="journal article" year="1997">Harrison 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The decumbent dorsocentrals and apically broadened hind tibia suggest affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FBF9FE3BFB3CDF93" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[1112,1268,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FBF9FE3BFB3CDF93" box="[1112,1268,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the ‘false vein’ ending proximal to the apex of M
|
||
<subScript id="17E334B8496B0701FDC7FE63FDB7DFA6" attach="left" box="[614,639,491,505]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3+4</subScript>
|
||
would support affinities with
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FC43FE53FB50DFAB" box="[994,1176,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FB09FE52FA47DFAB" author="Mendes, F. & Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[1192,1423,474,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref38839" refString="Mendes, F., Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2004) New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura - group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mendes
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FAAFFE53FA8ADFAB" box="[1294,1346,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of a dorsal keel on the fore trochanter is considered a possible character to separate these two genera (Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FEC6FDA6FE52DC18" box="[359,410,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FD89FDA5FCD4DC18" author="Mendes, F. & Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." box="[552,796,557,583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref38839" refString="Mendes, F., Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2004) New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura - group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mendes
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FD2DFDA6FD77DC18" box="[652,703,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that this character is polymorphic in
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FAE3FDA6FF35DC30" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
. We tentatively attribute our fossil specimens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FC9BFDDEFC1EDC30" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[826,982,598,623]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FC9BFDDEFC1EDC30" box="[826,982,598,623]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD496B0701FF67FDF5FA88DD00" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In the key to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FE30FDF5FDF1DCC8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[401,569,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Africa by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FD7AFDF5FC53DCC8" author="Freeman, P." box="[731,923,637,663]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="287 - 368" refId="ref37572" refString="Freeman, P. (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 4, 287 - 368." type="journal article" year="1956">Freeman (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370766D496B0701FB9EFDF5FB62DCC8" box="[1087,1194,637,663]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FB79FDF5FA50DCC8" author="Freeman, P." box="[1240,1432,637,663]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref37695" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and world revision of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FE3FFD2DFCC2DCE0" author="Hirvenoja, M. & Hirvenoja, E." box="[414,778,677,703]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="213 - 238" refId="ref38063" refString="Hirvenoja, M. & Hirvenoja, E. (1988) Corynoneura brundini spec. nov. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Gattung Corynoneura. Spixiana, (Supplement), 14, 213 - 238." type="journal article" year="1988">Hirvenoja & Hirvenoja (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, our fossils would fall near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FBF7FD2EFEF7DCB8" authority="Goetghebuer, 1935" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dewulfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FBF7FD2EFA99DCE0" box="[1110,1361,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura dewulfi</emphasis>
|
||
Goetghebuer, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FEC8FD46FD11DCB8" authority="Freeman, 1961" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[361,729,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FEC8FD46FDE9DCB8" box="[361,545,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. australiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FD86FD45FD11DCB8" author="Freeman, P." box="[551,729,717,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref37695" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737." type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the following characters: presence of a rosette of short hairs on apical antennal segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C496B0701FDCAFD7DFCD3DD50" author="Freeman, P." box="[619,795,757,783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref37529" refString="Freeman, P. (1955) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 4, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1955">Freeman 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 16d) and rosette hairs less than half the length of the terminal segment, with plume hairs basally. However, there are only four setae forming this rosette in our fossil, and the presence of long setae on the outer surface of each gonocoxite excludes these affinities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD496B0701FF67FCE5FEE5DD88" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FEA8FCE6FE6DDDD8" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[265,421,878,903]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FEA8FCE6FE6DDDD8" box="[265,421,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FE43FCE6FD50DDD8" box="[482,664,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thienemaniella</emphasis>
|
||
are widespread and their larvae live in permanent water bodies. Because the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E496B0701FE96FC1EFE1BDDF0" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1846" box="[311,467,918,943]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FE96FC1EFE1BDDF0" box="[311,467,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ group of genera is unknown in the fossil record, we recognize a new species for these fossils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D6576496B0701FF67FC6DFC83D807" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836FD496B0701FF67FC6DFC83D807" blockId="24.[151,1437,152,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAEF496B0701FF67FC6DFEF5DDA0" bold="true" box="[198,317,997,1023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CA0496B0701FEE5FC6DFC83D807" accessionNumber="C97169, C 97162" collectorName="H. Henrotay" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F496B0701FEE5FC6DFE79DDA0" box="[324,433,997,1023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 15003 (male). Male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F496B0701FD71FC6DFC88DDA0" box="[720,832,997,1023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 7074, PA 12385, PA 6218, PA 10809, PA 7275, PA 10128, PA 10928, PA 8355, PA 10928, PA 7740, C97169 (
|
||
<collectorName id="2692532B496B0701FC2FFB85FBEFDA78" box="[910,1063,1037,1063]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. Henrotay</collectorName>
|
||
), PA 15004, PA 1437, PA 215, PA1636, PA 2744, PA 10672, PA 10681, PA3652, PA 7882, PA 1657, PA 20 (2/2), PA 5182, PA 5720, PA 8139, PA 5767, PA 8144, PA 2975 (3, 4, 5/5), PA 12233, PA 1333, PA 6118, PA 5582, PA 4388, PA 5556, PA 2393 (7/9), PA 2796 (1, 2, 3/4), PA 6573, PA 6559, PA 28, PA 833, PA 1053, PA 941, PA 826, PA 602 (2/2), PA 647, PA 473, PA 899, PA 5440, PA 359 (5/6), PA 1845, PA 1851, PA 9358, PA 9029, PA 9422, PA 9086, PA 5314, PA 1466, PA 6805, PA 15028, PA 15037, PA 2947, PA 3616, PA 6871, PA 5147, PA 8154, PA 168(1,2/4), PA 4984, PA 3442, PA 3954, PA 3895, PA 3933, PA 1927, PA 5896, PA 6566, PA 532, PA5277, PA 2487, PA 2518, PA 2476 (2/2), PA 6541, PA 2960, PA 7527, PA 8286, PA 8389, PA 9954, PA 15011, PA 2908, PA 3393, PA 2211, PA 6592, PA 408 (1,2,3,4/4), and PA 7480. Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC885F496B0701FB93FAC6FB6ADB37" box="[1074,1186,1358,1384]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
PA 6218, PA 15004, PA 70 (3/3), PA 359 (2,3/6), PA 10395, PA 1693, PA 3370, PA 4957, PA 3426, PA 42 (1/2), PA 5148, PA 415, PA 5355, PA 5720, PA 8139, PA 2827 (6/6), PA 1258, PA 6198, PA 3993, PA 3909, PA 3609, PA 6573, PA 951, PA 636, PA 5427, PA 1851, PA 9029, PA 12395, PA 6783, PA 15024, PA 4984, PA 3442, PA 730, PA 429 (1/5), PA 653, PA 418, PA7595, PA 5173, PA 5384, PA 12303, PA 1314, PA 1215, PA 5096, C 97162, PA 6592, PA 2954, PA 7828, PA 8839, PA 8286, PA 8155, PA 8182, PA 10743, PA 2908, PA 3926, PA 3653, PA 5579, PA 1785, PA 4432, PA 3490, PA 3176, and PA 6544.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |