1561 lines
216 KiB
XML
1561 lines
216 KiB
XML
<document id="420EE7FF2E40B7C72EDC3E9D4C213CA7" ID-CLB-Dataset="7821" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sey010" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e61aa52f-2e17-4afc-b30a-6cd468eea36b" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573547" ID-ZooBank="B8876E05-78A8-45FA-A34A-9FFB56741A20" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614695199489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pérez, M. Julieta & Díaz, M. Mónica" docDate="2018" docId="03970124E858FFE6FF5BB08A2EBC056C" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.50.963.74-83.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 50 (963)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey010" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Octodontomys gliroides" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FFAE795CE859FFE0FF8AB0412A6B0312" masterDocTitle="Octodontomys gliroides (Rodentia: Octodontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="74" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698931815878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B6B6B616449FDAA3920227749808BDD6">Octodontomys gliroides (Rodentia: Octodontidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A61913C92E7D6F3B12C30961A21F416">Pérez, M. Julieta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAE4A25BD5F8CF09046147916D1D4BAD">Díaz, M. Mónica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8617E0CCAE8C7B48959B859A87B03D12">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B5FC58C6A57B828A799A795A5FDB759">
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<mods:date id="EF4C38CB28FFA1A38EEB10F4799E159D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A7D7A55BB6DBC79B9C8F7E347FA8D56">2018-09-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="83729F7F64E0EC0D29F61681F151A4EE">50</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7052C86E528CC7D9007966F46441E952">963</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="22F98133F4BC57D341CAA1AF29F9A8F1" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sey010</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A32E80BD7F03552C16AD89826E9839DE" type="ISSN">1545-1410</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64F07FFDA04F09AA79F909D7A0D3149A" type="Zenodo-Dep">4573547</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03970124E858FFE6FF5BB08A2EBC056C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4592306" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180302034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4592306" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03970124E858FFE6FF5BB08A2EBC056C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03970124E858FFE6FF5BB08A2EBC056C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FF5BB08A2845021A" blockId="1.[209,692,203,264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E858FFE1FF5BB08A28DF03F7" box="[209,692,203,229]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FF5BB08A28DF03F7" ID-CoL="48JW6" authority="(P. Gervais and d'Orbigny, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="P. Gervais and d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[209,692,203,229]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
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||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF5BB08A28DF03F7" bold="true" box="[209,692,203,229]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF5BB08A2B8603F7" bold="true" box="[209,493,203,229]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
(P. Gervais and
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E858FFE1FED2B0AF2845021A" box="[344,558,238,264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E858FFE1FED2B0AF2845021A" box="[344,558,238,264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<heading id="D0C9075EE858FFE1FED2B0AF2845021A" bold="true" box="[344,558,238,264]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" reason="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FED2B0AF2845021A" bold="true" box="[344,558,238,264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">d’Orbigny, 1844)</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FEE5B170287D025A" blockId="1.[367,534,305,328]" box="[367,534,305,328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Mountain Degu</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E858FFE1FFE7B133285D01AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FFE7B133297F02BA" blockId="1.[109,793,369,584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE7B13328B9029A" authority="P. Gervais and d'Orbigny, 1844: 22" authorityName="P. Gervais and d'Orbigny" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1844" box="[109,722,369,393]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE7B1332B5E029B" box="[109,309,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodon gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
P. Gervais and d’Orbigny, 1844:22
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54850E90E858FFE1FD69B1302973029A" box="[739,792,369,392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="F9C14720E858FFE1FF7EB1D0280902BA" box="[244,610,401,424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">“des Andes boliviennes, à Lapaz;”</quote>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E858FFE1FDE3B1D028DF02BA" box="[617,692,401,424]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E858FFE1FD35B1D0297B02BA" box="[703,784,401,424]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FFE7B1F32805011A" blockId="1.[109,793,369,584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE7B1F3283902DA" authority="Thomas, 1902: 115" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1902" box="[109,594,433,457]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Neoctodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE7B1F32B3A02DB" box="[109,337,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Neoctodon simonsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FEE5B1F0283902DA" author="THOMAS, O." box="[367,594,433,456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="114 - 117" refId="ref11121" refString="THOMAS, O. 1902. On two new genera and rodents from the highlands of Bolivia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 114 - 117." type="journal article" year="1902">Thomas, 1902:115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54850E90E858FFE1FDFFB1F028C102DA" box="[629,682,433,456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="F9C14720E858FFE1FF17B1902879011A" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
“Mountainous region south and south- east of the Titicaca- Poopo basin.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E858FFE1FEA4B1B02B18011A" box="[302,371,497,520]" country="Bolivia" name="Potosi" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Potosí</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 4400 metres,”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E858FFE1FD92B1B02802011A" box="[536,617,497,520]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FFE7B2532B00015A" blockId="1.[109,793,369,584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE7B2532828013A" ID-CoL="48JW6" authority=": Thomas, 1913: 143" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1913" box="[109,579,529,553]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE7B2532B07013B" box="[109,364,530,553]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FEF3B2502828013A" author="THOMAS, O." box="[377,579,529,552]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="136 - 143" refId="ref11152" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. On small mammals collected in Jujuy by Senor E. Budin. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany and Geology, London 8: 136 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas, 1913:143</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FFE7B2C0285D01AA" blockId="1.[109,792,641,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Context as for genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FDF4B2C32AA001AB" ID-CoL="48JW6" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FDF4B2C32AA001AB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monotypic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FEE6B2E0284D01AA" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[364,550,673,696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E858FFE1FEFBB2B22B9D06DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E858FFE1FEFBB2B22B9D06DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FEFBB2B2287F001F" blockId="1.[369,532,755,781]" box="[369,532,755,781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE858FFE1FEFBB2B2287F001F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[369,532,755,781]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FEFBB2B2287F001F" bold="true" box="[369,532,755,781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FF12B3762B9D06DC" blockId="1.[109,793,823,1486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FF12B3762BF1005C" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[152,410,823,846]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF12B3762BF1005C" box="[152,410,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305ACB7E858FFE1FE27B3762B85005C" box="[429,494,823,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[840,874,1675,1696]" captionTargetBox="[947,1415,1112,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-370@0.[947,1415,1112,1662]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig. 1.——Octodontomys gliroides from Seccional Río Cincel, Monumento Natural Laguna de los Pozuelos, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Used with permission of the photographer Ana Julia Sandoval." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573549/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) resembles other members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FE81B3162BF5007C" box="[267,414,855,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being most similar to the mountain viscacha rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FEBDB3362B82009C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[311,489,887,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FEBDB3362B82009C" box="[311,489,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octomys mimax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE7B3D62B7300BC" box="[109,280,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE7B3D62B7300BC" box="[109,280,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FE11B3D6284B00BC" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[411,544,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FE11B3D6284B00BC" box="[411,544,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has upper and lower molariforms with an asymmetrical occlusal pattern (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FD31B3F6297300DC" box="[699,792,951,974]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FD31B3F6297300DC" box="[699,792,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FF11B3962B2D00FC" box="[155,326,983,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF11B3962B2D00FC" box="[155,326,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a figure-8 occlusal pattern—Reig and Quintana 1991;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FE92B3B62BC7071C" author="HUTTERER, R." box="[280,428,1015,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="27 - 41" refId="ref9231" refString="HUTTERER, R. 1994. Island rodents: a new species of Octodon from Isla Mocha, Chile (Mammalia: Octodontidae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 59: 27 - 41." type="journal article" year="1994">Hutterer 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FE33B3B6283A071C" author="KRAMARZ, A. G." box="[441,593,1015,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="249 - 258" refId="ref9352" refString="KRAMARZ, A. G. 2005. A primitive cephalomyid hystricognath rodent from the early Miocene of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica 50: 249 - 258." type="journal article" year="2005">Kramarz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other distinctive features of the teeth and skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FE57B4562835073C" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[477,606,1047,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FE57B4562835073C" box="[477,606,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305ACB7E858FFE1FDE5B45628DB073C" box="[623,688,1047,1070]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[841,876,1383,1404]" captionTargetBox="[869,1493,200,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-568@1.[869,1493,200,1370]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Octodontomys gliroides (CML [Colección de Mamíferos Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán and Fundación Miguel Lillo] 7148) from Jujuy, Dpto. Tumbaya, Cuesta de Lipan, 15 km al W de Purmamarca, sobre ruta 52, 3,156 m. Occipitonasal length is 44.07 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) include: the alveolar portion of the 1st molariform tooth (DP4) is slightly inclined anteriorly, medial to the incisor; as a result, an anterior extension of the maxillaries into the posterior margins of the incisive foramina, where DP4 is inserted, is scarcely developed to nearly absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FEBAB4F62BCC07DC" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[304,423,1207,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FE32B4F6281707DC" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[440,636,1207,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The molariform teeth have folds (flexi or flexids) that are shallow or absent; the maxillary cheek teeth have the anterior lobe protruding as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE7B5562AA2063C" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[109,201,1303,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE7B5562AA2063C" box="[109,201,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without a penetrating lingual fold (hypoflexus— Verzi and Carrín Iglesias 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FE4CB5762850065C" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[454,571,1335,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FDC0B5762963065C" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[586,776,1335,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The auditory bullae are of medium size (14.6 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FD00B516288B067C" box="[650,736,1367,1390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and slightly inflated compared with other desert-adapted octodontids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FE88B5D62B3406BC" box="[258,351,1431,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FE88B5D62B3406BC" box="[258,351,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(15.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FE46B5D6284E06BC" box="[460,549,1431,1454]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FDE7B5D6297306BC" box="[621,792,1431,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FDE7B5D6297306BC" box="[621,792,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.2 ± 0.9 mm—Mares et al. 2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF41E0BAE858FFE1FCC3B52629AD051D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" startId="1.[841,876,1383,1404]" targetBox="[869,1493,200,1370]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FCC3B52629AD051D" blockId="1.[840,1524,1383,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FCC3B52629E3066E" bold="true" box="[841,904,1383,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FBDFB5C42F570688" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1109,1340,1413,1434]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FBDFB5C42F570688" box="[1109,1340,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CML [Colección de Mamíferos Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán and Fundación Miguel Lillo] 7148) from Jujuy, Dpto. Tumbaya, Cuesta de Lipan, 15 km al W de Purmamarca, sobre ruta 52, 3,156 m. Occipitonasal length is 44.07 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E858FFE2FE9BB64E2F8C05F0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E858FFE2FE9BB64E2F8C05F0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE1FE9BB64E281E053B" blockId="1.[273,629,1551,1577]" box="[273,629,1551,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE858FFE1FE9BB64E281E053B" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[273,629,1551,1577]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FE9BB64E281E053B" bold="true" box="[273,629,1551,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E858FFE2FF12B6122A920230" blockId="1.[109,792,1619,1930]" lastBlockId="2.[108,794,203,1954]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FF12B6122BCD0578" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[152,422,1619,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF12B6122BCD0578" box="[152,422,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium- to large-sized octodontid, with a body mass ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FDEAB63228B20598" box="[608,729,1651,1674]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="g" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 g</quantity>
|
||
; total length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FF37B6D22B2705B8" box="[189,332,1683,1706]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="290.0" valueMax="380.0" valueMin="200.0">200–380 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of tail,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FE63B6D2281205B8" box="[489,633,1683,1706]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="145.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="100.0">100–190 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of hind foot,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FF22B6F22B4905D8" box="[168,290,1715,1738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of ear,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E858FFE1FE41B6F2282B05D8" box="[459,576,1715,1738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="24.0">24–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Díaz 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FD5FB6F22A8F05F8" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz and Barquez 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FD86B69228BA05F8" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[524,721,1747,1770]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a semisubterranean genus of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FDA8B6B228D90418" box="[546,690,1779,1802]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FFE5B7522AA00438" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[111,203,1811,1834]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FFE5B7522AA00438" box="[111,203,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E858FFE1FF76B7522BCC0438" box="[252,423,1811,1834]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E858FFE1FF76B7522BCC0438" box="[252,423,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="75">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has large eyes, ears, and hind feet (Lacey and Ebensperger 2007). The pelage is relatively long and silky; dorsal coloration is grayish drab streaked with black; tail has a reddish buffy brush; the venter has white hairs with gray bases, except on the chin and throat where they are pure white, which contrasts sharply with the dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FAD2B6142F80057E" author="THOMAS, O." box="[1368,1515,1621,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="114 - 117" refId="ref11121" refString="THOMAS, O. 1902. On two new genera and rodents from the highlands of Bolivia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 114 - 117." type="journal article" year="1902">Thomas 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FCC2B6342E61059E" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[840,1034,1653,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FB91B6342EB6059E" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." box="[1051,1245,1653,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FB67B6342FDB059E" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[1261,1456,1653,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ears are large, finely covered by short grayish hairs, with white tufts on the anterior ends (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FBECB6F42F4905DE" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[1126,1314,1717,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz and Barquez 2002). Feet are hairy with the claw covered by hair, the plantar surfaces bear fine granulations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FB2CB6B42F50041E" author="THOMAS, O." box="[1190,1339,1781,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="114 - 117" refId="ref11121" refString="THOMAS, O. 1902. On two new genera and rodents from the highlands of Bolivia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 114 - 117." type="journal article" year="1902">Thomas 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FAC1B6B42916043E" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & AND J. L." pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref8238" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, AND J. L. YAnEZ. 1987. Biogeography of octodontid rodents: an eco-evolutionary hypothesis. Fieldiana: Zoology 39: 401 - 411." type="journal article" year="1987">Contreras et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz and Barquez 2002), and plantar pads are prominent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E858FFE1FCDBB7742E61045E" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[849,1034,1845,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tail is nearly 80% of the head and body length; it is bicolored, with an elongated, brown or ochraceous brush extending from the tip. Juveniles are darker with a grayer venter and have an essentially unicolored tail that terminates in a short, black or dark drab brush (Díaz and Barquez 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FD6AB0AA2A820230" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FF12B16A2B1107F0" blockId="2.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The rostrum is relatively long and narrow; postorbital processes are absent or reduced; interorbital region is relatively broad and divergent with breadth slightly less than the breadth of the rostrum (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85BFFE2FEAEB1CA2BEC02B0" box="[292,391,395,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.23" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="9.23">9.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85BFFE2FE68B1CA282002B0" box="[482,587,395,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="7.41">7.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
); lacrimal is large and triangular; palate is short, and the mesopterygoid fossa has an inverted “V” shape, not extending beyond M1; pterygoids leaning on the bullae (Díaz 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FE63B1AA28C00110" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." box="[489,683,491,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Incisive foramina are large with the posterior most ends behind the premaxillary-maxillary suture; the lateral edges of the posterior bor- der of the incisive foramina are not raised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FDC3B20A29630170" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." box="[585,776,587,610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral flange of the canal for the infraorbital nerve is well developed and has the dorsal end free, not joined to the maxillary (Glanz and Anderson 1990;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FE10B2EA283F01D0" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[410,596,683,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Masseteric crest and the tubercle for the insertion of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FDA4B28A2B5E0010" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FDA4B28A297301F0" box="[558,792,715,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" rank="subSpecies" species="masseter" subSpecies="medialis">M. masseter medialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
pars infraorbitalis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are discontinuous (Verzi et al. 1999, 2001;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FFE7B34A2B6C0030" author="KRAMARZ, A. G." box="[109,263,779,802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="249 - 258" refId="ref9352" refString="KRAMARZ, A. G. 2005. A primitive cephalomyid hystricognath rodent from the early Miocene of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica 50: 249 - 258." type="journal article" year="2005">Kramarz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The zygomatic arches are little expanded, with a low and slightly deep jugal fossa for the posterior masseter muscle; shape of suture of jugal and zygomatic process of squamosal squared or rounded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FE04B32A28280090" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." box="[398,579,875,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FDDAB32A296C0090" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[592,775,875,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral supraoccipital processes show greatest development, with the long process extending to the squamosal process and then turning conspicuously downward (Glanz and Anderson 1990).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FF3DB3AA2B1D0710" author="WOODS, C. A." box="[183,374,1003,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref12209" refString="WOODS, C. A. 1984. Hystricognath rodents. Pp. 389 - 446 in Orders and families of recent mammals of the world (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). Wiley, New York." type="book" year="1984">Woods (1984:424</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 428) mentioned a “slight lateral supraoccipital process” in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FE05B44A28760730" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[399,541,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ctenomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FDDDB44A28810730" box="[599,746,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Glanz and Anderson (1990) considered this description slightly misleading because the supraoccipital process is well developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FF03B42A2B6C0790" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[137,263,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FF03B42A2AF70790" box="[137,156,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FF23B42A2B6C0790" box="[169,263,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The paraoccipital processes are small, thick, and incompletely joined to the bullae, with each root directed medially due to the development of the mastoid bullae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FD12B4EA2AC807F0" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FF25B48A2B0107F0" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[175,362,1227,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FF12B4AA2B8206B0" blockId="2.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The mandible is slender, low, and moderately hystricognathous; the coronoid process is small; the condylar process is broad and slightly behind the angular process, the latter being short, slender, and slightly flattened; the lunar notch is shallow (Díaz 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FF7BB52A2BCD0690" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." box="[241,422,1387,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FE39B52A28010690" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[435,618,1387,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the masseteric crest is not prominent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FEEFB5CA2BB206B0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[357,473,1419,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FF12B5EA2FFA0150" blockId="2.[108,794,203,1954]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1525,203,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Mean cranial measurements (mm, ±
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FDCAB5EA280A06D0" box="[576,609,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">SD</emphasis>
|
||
, sample size in parentheses—Mares et al. 2000, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85BFFE2FD0AB58A288106F0" box="[640,746,1483,1506]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85BFFE2FFE4B5AA2AD50510" box="[110,190,1515,1538]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were: greatest length of skull, 45.3 ± 1.3 (25); basal length, 39.6 ± 1.3 (22); zygomatic breadth, 23.3 ± 0.7 (26); mastoid breadth, 22.1 ± 0.7 (21); least interorbital breadth, 9.4 ± 0.4 (29); length of nasals, 16.6 ± 0.9 (26); breadth of rostrum, 8.2 ± 0.3 (26); length of diastema, 11.5 ± 0.5 (28); length of maxillary toothrow, 8.1 ± 0.6 (28); length of bulla, 14.6 ± 0.7 (23); width of bulla, 11.3 ± 0.3 (23); width of zygomatic plate, 1.9 ± 0.2 (26); length of mandibular toothrow, 8.5 ± 0.6 (27); length of mandible, 27.5 ± 0.9 (28). Mean cranial measurements (mm, ±
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FF5BB74A2A990430" box="[209,242,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">SD</emphasis>
|
||
, sample size in parentheses—Díaz 1999, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85BFFE2FF6DB76A2B380450" box="[231,339,1835,1858]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were: condyle incisive length, 42.2 ± 1.2 (11); occipitonasal length, 43.8 ± 1.5 (10); braincase breadth, 17.9 ± 0.5 (11); zygomatic breadth, 23.0 ± 0.8 (10); mastoid breadth, 14.2 ± 2.1 (9); least interorbital breadth, 9.3 ± 0.4 (11); length of rostrum, 17.9 ± 0.7 (9); breadth of rostrum, 7.8 ± 0.5 (10); length of nasals, 15.9 ± 0.9 (4); length of diastema, 11.5 ± 0.4 (11); length of maxillary toothrow, 8.7 ± 0.5 (11); greatest alveolar length of M1, 2.7 ± 0.2 (10); alveolar width of M1, 2.08 ± 0.11 (6; please note this was original reported incorrectly as 4 ± 5.7 (10)); greatest length of incisive foramina, 4.07 ± 0.7 (10); palate length, 16.8 ± 0.7 (11); maxima distance between the external border of M3, 7.5 ± 0.5 (11); length of bulla, 14.0 ± 0.9 (10); length of mandibular toothrow, 9.2 ± 0.5 (11); length of mandible, 25.8 ± 1.2 (11). These 2 cited publications differ in mastoid breadth; it is possible that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FAE5B24A29E40150" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included part of the bulla in their measurement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FCF9B20A2F440550" blockId="2.[839,1525,203,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The upper incisors are orthodont or slightly proodont, orange, narrow, and short; the lower incisors are orange, high, narrow, with a suboval section, straight lingual enamel edge, and curved labial edge; on the labial side, the enamel extends beyond one-half of the tooth face (Verzi et al. 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FA93B28A2FE701F0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1305,1420,715,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like all octodontids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FC58B2AA2E3B0010" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[978,1104,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FC58B2AA298E0010" box="[978,997,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FC78B2AA2E3B0010" box="[1010,1104,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by ever-growing (hypsodont) molar teeth. In the upper molariforms, the folds (flexi) are absent in the adult and the posterior lobe is not extended labially. The molariforms are asymmetrical with no reentrant folds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FCDBB32A298E0090" author="HUTTERER, R." box="[849,997,875,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="27 - 41" refId="ref9231" refString="HUTTERER, R. 1994. Island rodents: a new species of Octodon from Isla Mocha, Chile (Mammalia: Octodontidae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 59: 27 - 41." type="journal article" year="1994">Hutterer 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), except in juveniles, which have flexids and fossettids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FC14B3CA2E7F00B0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[926,1044,907,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FBA9B3CA2EBC00B0" author="VERZI, D. H. & A. I & OLIVARES, C. C. & MORGAN & AND A." box="[1059,1239,907,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref11975" refString="VERZI, D. H., A. I. OLIVARES, C. C. MORGAN, AND A. ALVAREZ. 2016. Contrasting phylogenetic and diversity patterns in octodontoid rodents and a new definition of the family Abrocomidae. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 23: 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">Verzi et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lower molariform teeth have an asymmetrical occlusal pattern, nearly figure-8 shaped, with slightly oblique and rounded lobes and shallow traces of folds; deciduous dp4 with mesoflexid reduced or absent and hypoflexid barely visible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FBE1B44A2E890730" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1131,1250,1035,1058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FB79B44A2FDC0730" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[1267,1463,1035,1058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the mesoflexid of m1 and m2 remains open in advanced stages of wear (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FC07B40A2E430770" author="KRAMARZ, A. G." box="[909,1064,1099,1122]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="249 - 258" refId="ref9352" refString="KRAMARZ, A. G. 2005. A primitive cephalomyid hystricognath rodent from the early Miocene of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica 50: 249 - 258." type="journal article" year="2005">Kramarz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); with mesoflexid less evident than hypoflexid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FC17B42A2E720790" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[925,1049,1131,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); last upper and lower molars (M3/m3) reduced in size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FC72B4CA2E0707B0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1016,1132,1163,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FBF3B4CA2F5807B0" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[1145,1331,1163,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FAC0B4CA2FA207B0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1354,1481,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FAC0B4CA2F3607B0" box="[1354,1373,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FAE1B4CA2FA207B0" box="[1387,1481,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has oblique, posterolabial-anterolingual, unilateral chewing (anterolingual jaw displacement and alternate occlusion); according to phylogenetic analyses, this is primitive for octodontids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FA30B4AA29160630" author="VERZI, D. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FC00B54A2E3E0630" author="OLIVARES, A. I. & D. H. VERZI & AND A. I. V" box="[906,1109,1291,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="167 - 177" refId="ref10005" refString="OLIVARES, A. I., D. H. VERZI, AND A. I. V ASALLO. 2004. Masticatory morphological diversity and chewing modes in South American caviomorph rodents (family Octodontidae). Journal of Zoology 263: 167 - 177." type="journal article" year="2004">Olivares et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The masticatory direction (in molariform teeth, defined as asymmetry in dentine wear relative to the sagittal plane) is 58° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FBB4B50A2F850670" authority="(Vassallo and Verzi 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1086,1518,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FBB4B50A2EB30670" box="[1086,1240,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
(Vassallo and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FAFAB50A2F880670" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1392,1507,1355,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FCC2B52A29850690" author="HUTTERER, R." box="[840,1006,1387,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="27 - 41" refId="ref9231" refString="HUTTERER, R. 1994. Island rodents: a new species of Octodon from Isla Mocha, Chile (Mammalia: Octodontidae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 59: 27 - 41." type="journal article" year="1994">Hutterer (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the occlusal pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FADDB52A2F9A0690" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1367,1521,1387,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FADDB52A2F9A0690" box="[1367,1521,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be plesiomorphic, because it matches with the molars of the Oligocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FC37B5EA2E3B06D0" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1949" box="[957,1104,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Platypittamys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FC37B5EA2E3B06D0" box="[957,1104,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Platypittamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a putative octodontid. The similarities in the cranial morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FBF4B58A2E9606F0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1150,1277,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FBF4B58A2E9606F0" box="[1150,1277,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the basal octodontoid rodent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FC4CB5AA2E360510" box="[966,1117,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Prospaniomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FC4CB5AA2E360510" box="[966,1117,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Prospaniomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FB2CB5AA2F4D0510" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1190,1318,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FB2CB5AA2F4D0510" box="[1190,1318,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an optimal species for reconstructing masticatory muscle origins and insertions of this extinct species (Álvarez and Arnal 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FCF9B60A2F8C05F0" blockId="2.[839,1525,203,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The data matrix of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FBC5B60A2F560570" author="OLIVARES, A. I. & VERZI, M. G. & VUCETICH & AND C. I." box="[1103,1341,1611,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="76 - 86" refId="ref10053" refString="OLIVARES, A. I., D. H. VERZI, M. G. VUCETICH, AND C. I. MONTALVO. 2012. Phylogenetic affinities of the late Miocene echimyid † Pampamys and the age of Thrichomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Journal of Mammalogy 93: 76 - 86." type="journal article" year="2012">Olivares et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FAF2B60A29E40590" author="VERZI, D. H. & A. I & OLIVARES, C. C. & MORGAN & AND A." pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref11975" refString="VERZI, D. H., A. I. OLIVARES, C. C. MORGAN, AND A. ALVAREZ. 2016. Contrasting phylogenetic and diversity patterns in octodontoid rodents and a new definition of the family Abrocomidae. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 23: 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">Verzi et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be consulted for additional cranial and dental characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FC62B6CA2E0005B0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1000,1131,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FC62B6CA2E0005B0" box="[1000,1131,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85BFFE2FBF6B6CA2F0F05B0" author="ALVAREZ, A. & S. I. PeREZ & AND D. H." box="[1148,1380,1675,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="2687 - 2695" refId="ref7415" refString="ALVAREZ, A., S. I. PeREZ, AND D. H. VERZI. 2011. Early evolutionary differentiation of morphological variation in the mandible of South American caviomorph rodents (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24: 2687 - 2695." type="journal article" year="2011">Álvarez et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Álvarez et al. (2015) examined 2- and 3-dimensional craniomandibular geometric morphometric characters in an evolutionary context.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85BFFE3FBBBB7682B8F041E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E85BFFE3FBBBB7682B8F041E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE2FBBBB7682F620451" blockId="2.[1073,1289,1833,1859]" box="[1073,1289,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85BFFE2FBBBB7682F620451" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,1833,1859]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FBBBB7682F620451" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85BFFE3FCF9B72C28B906FE" blockId="2.[840,1524,1901,1956]" lastBlockId="3.[107,795,1045,1804]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85BFFE2FCF9B72C2E0C0496" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[883,1127,1901,1924]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85BFFE2FCF9B72C2E0C0496" box="[883,1127,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a disjunct distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305ACB7E85BFFE2FA04B72C2FA60496" box="[1422,1485,1901,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[110,145,956,977]" captionTargetBox="[141,761,202,941]" captionTargetId="figure-822@3.[139,763,200,943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Octodontomys gliroides. Map drawn by M. Mónica Díaz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the Andean and Sub-Andean areas of southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85BFFE2FAECB7CC2FDB04B6" box="[1382,1456,1933,1956]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FFE7B4542B53073E" box="[109,312,1045,1068]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">La Paz Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FED7B4542876073E" box="[349,541,1045,1068]" country="Bolivia" name="Tarija" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tarija Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
), northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FD05B45428AD073E" box="[655,710,1045,1068]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Arica- Parinacota and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FE82B4742B08075E" box="[264,355,1077,1100]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tarapacá</collectingRegion>
|
||
regions), and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FDF1B474288B075E" box="[635,736,1077,1100]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(several localities in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FE9AB4142B28077E" box="[272,323,1109,1132]" country="Argentina" name="Salta" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Salta</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FEFBB4142BC3077E" box="[369,424,1109,1132]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces, one in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FDD6B414297E077E" box="[604,789,1109,1132]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">La Rioja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, being highly probably in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FEEEB4342BBA079E" box="[356,465,1141,1164]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
Province—Cabrera 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FD56B4342A9807BE" author="MANN FISCHER, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref9503" refString="MANN FISCHER, G. 1978. Los pequenos mamiferos de Chile (marsupiales, quiropteros, edentados y roedores). Gayana, Zoologia 40: 1 - 342." type="journal article" year="1978">Mann Fischer 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE88B4D42BCD07BE" author="PINE, R. H. & S. D. MILLER & AND M. L." box="[258,422,1173,1196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="339 - 376" refId="ref10283" refString="PINE, R. H., S. D. MILLER, AND M. L. SCHAMBERGER. 1979. Contributions to the Mammalogy of Chile. Mammalia 43: 339 - 376." type="journal article" year="1979">Pine et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE3FB4D428E507BE" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & AND J. L." box="[437,654,1173,1196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref8238" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, AND J. L. YAnEZ. 1987. Biogeography of octodontid rodents: an eco-evolutionary hypothesis. Fieldiana: Zoology 39: 401 - 411." type="journal article" year="1987">Contreras et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FD17B4D42ACB07DE" author="MARES, M. A. & BRAUN, R. M. & BARQUEZ & AND M. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9605" refString="MARES, M. A., J. K. BRAUN, R. M. BARQUEZ, AND M. M. DiAZ. 2000. Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated Salt Flats in Argentina. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 203: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Mares et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Muñoz-Pedreros 2000; Díaz and Barquez 2002; Díaz and Verzi 2006; Díaz and Barquez 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE56B49428FF07FE" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[476,660,1237,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FD2BB4942AF4061E" author="RIVERA, D. S. & J. A & VIANNA, L. A. & EBENSPERGER & AND R. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="410 - 430" refId="ref10594" refString="RIVERA, D. S., J. A. VIANNA, L. A. EBENSPERGER, AND R. E. PALMA. 2016. Phylogeography and demographic history of the Andean degu, Octodontomys gliroides (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178: 410 - 430." type="journal article" year="2016">Rivera et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FF59B4B42B51061E" box="[211,314,1269,1292]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species occupies the High Andes, Monte Desert of Mountains and Isolated Valleys, and Puna ecoregions (Díaz and Verzi 2006).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE94B5742B8A065E" author="OJEDA, R. A. & S. TABENI & AND V." box="[286,481,1333,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="1236 - 1244" refId="ref9966" refString="OJEDA, R. A., S. TABENI, AND V. CORBALAN. 2011. Mammals of the Monte Desert: from regional to local assemblages. Journal of Mammalogy 92: 1236 - 1244." type="journal article" year="2011">Ojeda et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FD02B574296A065E" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[648,769,1333,1356]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FD02B574296A065E" box="[648,769,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to northern Monte of Mountains and Isolated Valleys. It is found on both sides of the Andes, a distribution marked by an east to west gradient of decreasing rainfall that results in east and west (from theAndes) populations with contrasting differences in the abundance and patchiness of vegetation cover (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE5EB59428EF06FE" author="RIVERA, D. S. & ABADES, F. D. & ALFARO & AND L. A." box="[468,644,1493,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="968 - 980" refId="ref10545" refString="RIVERA, D. S., S. ABADES, F. D. ALFARO, AND L. A. EBENSPERGER. 2014. Sociality of Octodontomys gliroides and other octodontid rodents reflect the influence of phylogeny. Journal of Mammalogy 95: 968 - 980." type="journal article" year="2014">Rivera et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FD1BB59428AF06FE" author="RIVERA, D. S. & J. A & VIANNA, L. A. & EBENSPERGER & AND R. E." box="[657,708,1493,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="410 - 430" refId="ref10594" refString="RIVERA, D. S., J. A. VIANNA, L. A. EBENSPERGER, AND R. E. PALMA. 2016. Phylogeography and demographic history of the Andean degu, Octodontomys gliroides (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178: 410 - 430." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF41E0BAE85AFFE3FFE4B3FD2B1900FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573553/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" startId="3.[110,145,956,977]" targetBox="[141,761,202,941]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FFE4B3FD2B1900FD" blockId="3.[109,792,956,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FFE4B3FD2ADE00C3" bold="true" box="[110,181,956,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Geographic distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FE60B3FC28B400C0" box="[490,735,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FE60B3FC28B100C0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[490,730,957,978]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">Octodontomys gliroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Map drawn by M. Mónica Díaz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FF12B5B42B8F041E" blockId="3.[107,795,1045,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
This species has an elevation range from about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85AFFE3FD28B5B42897051E" box="[674,764,1525,1548]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="1200.0">1,200 m</quantity>
|
||
at Villa Union in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FE84B6542BB9053E" box="[270,466,1557,1580]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">La Rioja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FE51B654282E053E" box="[475,581,1557,1580]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85AFFE3FD22B6542894053E" box="[680,767,1557,1580]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="4400.0">4,400 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FFE7B6742AD9055E" box="[109,178,1589,1612]" country="Bolivia" name="Potosi" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Potosí</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FF36B6742B66055E" box="[188,269,1589,1612]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FE9FB6742B8B055E" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[277,480,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. (2015a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the lowest altitude for the distribution of this species is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85AFFE3FDA1B61428C3057E" box="[555,680,1621,1644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
200–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D387BBBE85AFFE3FDEBB61428C3057E" box="[609,680,1621,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="generic">300 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. However, this information is incorrect because the data taken from Diaz and Ojeda (1999) correspond to measurements of precipitation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85AFFE3FFFDB6F42B6305DE" box="[119,264,1717,1740]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and this information was misinterpreted by editors during the final process of editing the book
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FD1AB6942B61041E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Mammals of South America</emphasis>
|
||
(Patton et al. 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E85AFFE5FEC1B77C2B4A01B0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85AFFE3FEC1B77C2F660530" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FEC1B77C28510445" blockId="3.[331,570,1853,1879]" box="[331,570,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85AFFE3FEC1B77C28510445" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[331,570,1853,1879]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FEC1B77C28510445" bold="true" box="[331,570,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">FOSSIL RECORD</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FF12B7C02F520130" blockId="3.[109,792,1921,1976]" lastBlockId="3.[839,1525,203,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FE82B7C02867048A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[264,524,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FE82B7C02867048A" box="[264,524,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no fossil record, it is the most primitive extant octodontid. Its cranial and dental anatomy resemble some species from the Miocene and Pliocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FCEFB0AA29A40210" box="[869,975,235,258]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Verzi and Carrín Iglesias 1999; Verzi et al. 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FCC2B14A29D70230" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[840,956,267,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FC43B14A2E1C0230" author="VERZI, D. H. & A. I. OLIVARES & AND C. C." box="[969,1143,267,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="757 - 769" refId="ref11934" refString="VERZI, D. H., A. I. OLIVARES, AND C. C. MORGAN. 2014. Phylogeny and evolutionary patterns of South American octodontoid rodents. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 757 - 769." type="journal article" year="2014">Verzi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that it may be an early octodontid offshoot (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FBBAB16A2E930250" author="VERZI, D. H. & C. C. MORGAN & AND A. I." box="[1072,1272,299,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11850" refString="VERZI, D. H., C. C. MORGAN, AND A. I. OLIVARES. 2015 b. The history of South American octodontoid rodents and its contribution to evolutionary generalisations. Pp. 139 - 163 in Evolution of the rodents: advances in phylogeny, functional morphology and development (P. G. Cox and L. Hautier, eds.). Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Unikted Kingdom." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gallardo and Kirsch (2001) mentioned that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FBCFB10A2EA40270" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1093,1231,331,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered hypsodonty in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FCC2B12A29DA0290" box="[840,945,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FCC2B12A29DA0290" box="[840,945,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC6EB12A2E150290" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[996,1150,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FC6EB12A2E150290" box="[996,1150,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be indicative of common ancestry and re-erected the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB29B1CA2F5A02B0" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1187,1329,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenomyinae">Ctenomyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include these 2 genera; however, their interpretation of Verzi’s conclusion was erroneous because Verzi stated “hypsodonty has originated independently several times in rodents” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FB7EB1AA2FE00110" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1268,1419,491,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi 1994:92</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and thus does not support the idea of common ancestry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FCF9B26A2F560070" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FCF9B26A2E670150" author="OPAZO, J. C." box="[883,1036,555,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref10110" refString="OPAZO, J. C. 2005. A molecular timescale for caviomorph rodents (Mammalia, Hystricognathi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 932 - 937." type="journal article" year="2005">Opazo (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated the divergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FAD3B26A2F980150" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1369,1523,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FAD3B26A2F980150" box="[1369,1523,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its sister clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FBBCB20A2EF90170" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[1078,1170,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FBBCB20A2EF90170" box="[1078,1170,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB3FB20A2F5B0170" box="[1205,1328,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Spalacopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB3FB20A2F5B0170" box="[1205,1328,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Spalacopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FAD9B20A2FA70170" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[1363,1484,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Aconaemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FAD9B20A2FA70170" box="[1363,1484,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Aconaemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at 6.07 ± 1.34 million years ago, near the end of the Miocene. This value agrees with the results of both Gallardo and Kirsch (2001), who used DNA hybridization data, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FB66B2EA2FC001D0" author="VERZI, D. H. & A. I & OLIVARES, C. C. & MORGAN & AND A." box="[1260,1451,683,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref11975" refString="VERZI, D. H., A. I. OLIVARES, C. C. MORGAN, AND A. ALVAREZ. 2016. Contrasting phylogenetic and diversity patterns in octodontoid rodents and a new definition of the family Abrocomidae. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 23: 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">Verzi et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, using morphological and molecular data, to obtain an estimated divergence of 5–7 million years ago; but it is older than the estimate of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FCEDB34A2E300030" author="HONEYCUTT, R. L. & D. L. ROWE & AND M. H." box="[871,1115,779,802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref9180" refString="HONEYCUTT, R. L., D. L. ROWE, AND M. H. GALLARDO. 2003. Molecular systematics of the South American caviomorph rodents: relationships among species and genera in the family Octodontidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 476 - 489." type="journal article" year="2003">Honeycutt et al. (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 2.9–4.1 million years ago) based on molecular data (nucleotide sequence data from nuclear receptor and mitochondrial genes nucleotide sequence).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FCF9B32A2E5E0770" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The morphology of the lower incisor is shared with the extinct octodontid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB94B3CA2EDE00B0" authorityName="Rovereto" authorityYear="1914" box="[1054,1205,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Eocardiidae" genus="Neophanomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB94B3CA2EDE00B0" box="[1054,1205,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Neophanomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but whether this character state is primitive or derived is difficult to determine (Verzi et al. 1999).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC1DB38A2E5A00F0" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[919,1073,971,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FC1DB38A2E5A00F0" box="[919,1073,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in the archaeological site Inca Cueva 5 site,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FBBCB3AA2EBC0710" box="[1078,1239,1003,1026]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Jujuy Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FB55B3AA2F220710" box="[1247,1353,1003,1026]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2,120 ± 120 to 780 ± 100 years before present) based on 3 left mandibular rami; the area corresponds to the oriental border of the Puna steppe (Teta and Ortiz 2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FCF9B42A29E60690" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FCF9B42A2E1F0790" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[883,1140,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FCF9B42A2E1F0790" box="[883,1140,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces middens (amalgamations of plant remains, bones, insects, feathers, and rodent feces, glued together within a crystallized matrix of rodent urine), which have proven to be important sources of paleontological evidence (Betancourt and Saavedra 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85AFFE3FB36B4AA2FF80610" author="LATORRE C." box="[1212,1427,1259,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" refId="ref9446" refString="LATORRE C., ET AL. 2005. Chapter six " Late Quaternary History of Atacama Desert ". Pp. 73 - 90 in Archaeology and environmental history of the southern deserts (M. Smith and P. Hesse, eds.). National Museum of Australia Press, Canberra, Australia." type="book" year="2005">Latorre et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85AFFE3FCC2B54A29CC0630" box="[840,935,1291,1314]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85AFFE3FC3FB54A299F0630" box="[949,1012,1291,1314]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
), middens have been recorded from possibly the Quaternary for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC7BB56A2E040650" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1009,1135,1323,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FC7BB56A2E680650" box="[1009,1027,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB9BB56A2E040650" box="[1041,1135,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as other families of rodents (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC02B50A2E700670" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1833" box="[904,1051,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chinchillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FBAFB50A2ED20670" authorityName="Miller & Gidley" authorityYear="1918" box="[1061,1209,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Abrocomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Abrocomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Muridae—Latorre et al. 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FCF9B5CA2F660530" blockId="3.[839,1525,203,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Arnal and Vucetich (2015a, 2015b) used extant species of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC63B5EA2E1706D0" box="[1001,1148,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB76B5EA2FEB06D0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1276,1408,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB76B5EA2FEB06D0" box="[1276,1408,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to revise the taxonomy of the fossil rodent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB5AB58A2F5306F0" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1232,1336,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Acaremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB5AB58A2F5306F0" box="[1232,1336,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Acaremys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FAC6B58A2F8406F0" box="[1356,1519,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" infraOrder="Hystricognathi" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="infraOrder">Hystricognathi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Octodontoidea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FC7BB5AA2EEA0510" baseAuthorityName="Ameghino" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1009,1153,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Acaremyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acaremyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and to analyze phylogenetic relationships of the Pan-Octodontoidea group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85AFFE4FC76B61C2E250510" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE3FC76B61C2F550565" blockId="3.[1020,1342,1629,1655]" box="[1020,1342,1629,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85AFFE3FC76B61C2F550565" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1629,1655]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FC76B61C2F550565" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1629,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85AFFE4FCF9B6E028690210" blockId="3.[839,1523,1697,1976]" lastBlockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Dental formula for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FBC0B6E02F2705AA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1098,1356,1697,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FBC0B6E02F2705AA" box="[1098,1356,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is i 1/1, c 0/0, p 1/1, m 3/3, total 20. Buccal surfaces of the upper teeth are progressively rotated more distally from the distal to the mesial ends of the arches, with DP4 being nearly transverse to the line of the arch (Miles and Grigson 1990).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FB56B7602F32042A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1244,1369,1825,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB56B7602E84042A" box="[1244,1263,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FB71B7602F32042A" box="[1275,1369,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has simplified teeth without reentrant angles or cement (Glanz and Anderson 1990). In hypsodont rodents, the enamel of the molariforms typically has a different structure on the side of first contact (leading edge) and the opposite face (trailing edge);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85AFFE3FA97B7E02FF704AA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1309,1436,1953,1976]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85AFFE3FA97B7E02FF704AA" box="[1309,1436,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more primitive compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FEE6B08A2BBE03F0" box="[364,469,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FEE6B08A2BBE03F0" box="[364,469,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this regard, with Hunter– Schreger bands limited to some areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FF12B14A2B730150" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
In a study of ultrastructure of the incisor enamel and delineated morphofunctional traits among octodontoid genera with disparate digging adaptations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FE5BB10A28310270" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[465,602,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE5BB10A28310270" box="[465,602,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had an enamel thickness more than double that of the other taxa studied (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FFE5B1CA2ABD02B0" box="[111,214,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FFE5B1CA2ABD02B0" box="[111,214,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FF6EB1CA2B2B02B0" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[228,320,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF6EB1CA2B2B02B0" box="[228,320,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FEC7B1CA2BA002B0" box="[333,459,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Dactylomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FEC7B1CA2BA002B0" box="[333,459,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Dactylomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FE6CB1CA28C602B0" author="VIEYTES, E. C. & C. C. MORGAN & AND D. H." box="[486,685,395,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="296 - 302" refId="ref12028" refString="VIEYTES, E. C., C. C. MORGAN, AND D. H. VERZI. 2007. Adaptive diversity of incisor enamel microstructure in South American burrowing rodents (family Ctenomyidae, Caviomorpha). Journal of Anatomy 211: 296 - 302." type="journal article" year="2007">Vieytes et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relative thickness of external index showed the lowest values in the fossorial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FF76B18A2B1702F0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[252,380,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF76B18A2B1702F0" box="[252,380,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the arboreal Bolivian bamboo rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FFE5B1AA2B030110" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1920" box="[111,360,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Dactylomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FFE5B1AA2B030110" box="[111,360,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Dactylomys boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than the other species studied, and this has been interpreted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEE0B24A282A0130" author="VIEYTES, E. C. & C. C. MORGAN & AND D. H." box="[362,577,523,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="296 - 302" refId="ref12028" refString="VIEYTES, E. C., C. C. MORGAN, AND D. H. VERZI. 2007. Adaptive diversity of incisor enamel microstructure in South American burrowing rodents (family Ctenomyidae, Caviomorpha). Journal of Anatomy 211: 296 - 302." type="journal article" year="2007">Vieytes et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as indicative of low wear resistance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FF12B20A2B540030" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The middle ear of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FED6B20A2BB10170" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[348,474,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FED6B20A2BB10170" box="[348,474,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 3 cavities: bulla, anterior, and posterior recesses. The bulla is divided into 8–10 large pneumatized air cells, and the cochlea protrudes into the tympanic cavity medially (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEA1B2EA2B9A01D0" author="HELLER, R. M. & BUSH, J. & STRANDBERG, A. E. & JAMES, Jr. & AND E." box="[299,497,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref9119" refString="HELLER, R. M., M. BUSH, J. STRANDBERG, A. E. JAMES, Jr., AND E. SMITH. 1976. Inflammatory disease of the temporal bone of the brush tail rat (Octodontomys gliroides): a radiologic-clinical-pathologic correlation. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 17: 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1976">Heller et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the normal ear, these structures have fairly uniform radiolucency without evidence of thickening of the septae of the bulla or areas of bony sclerosis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FFFCB34A2B440030" author="HELLER, R. M. & BUSH, J. & STRANDBERG, A. E. & JAMES, Jr. & AND E." box="[118,303,779,802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref9119" refString="HELLER, R. M., M. BUSH, J. STRANDBERG, A. E. JAMES, Jr., AND E. SMITH. 1976. Inflammatory disease of the temporal bone of the brush tail rat (Octodontomys gliroides): a radiologic-clinical-pathologic correlation. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 17: 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1976">Heller et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FF12B36A283507B0" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
In extant species of fossorial rodents, the degree of reduction in size of the eye indicates the adaptation level to the subterranean lifestyle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FF5EB32A2B0E0090" author="PEARSON, O. P." box="[212,357,875,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="225 - 237" refId="ref10250" refString="PEARSON, O. P. 1984. Taxonomy and natural history of some fossorial rodents of Patagonia, southern Argentina. Journal of Zoology, London 202: 225 - 237." type="journal article" year="1984">Pearson 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The size of the orbital cavity provides information about the size of the eye and can be estimated using the zygomatic index (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEFCB3EA287700D0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[374,540,939,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002:316</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The comparative analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FF3CB38A2B5200F0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[182,313,971,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="386 - 394" refId="ref11639" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2008. Phylogeny and adaptive diversity of rodents of the family Ctenomyidae (Caviomorpha): delimiting lineages and genera in the fossil record. Journal of Zoology 274: 386 - 394." type="journal article" year="2008">Verzi (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that echyimid rodents have relatively larger orbits than octodontids (for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FE5CB3AA28390710" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[470,594,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE5CB3AA2B820710" box="[470,489,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE7CB3AA28390710" box="[502,594,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mean index value of 1.22, range 1.13–1.38). The eyes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FDACB44A28CC0730" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[550,679,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FDACB44A28520730" box="[550,569,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FDC0B44A28CC0730" box="[586,679,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FEC2B46A2BCA0750" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[328,417,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FEC2B46A2BCA0750" box="[328,417,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, matching the inferred crepuscular or nocturnal habits of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FE53B40A28160770" author="ROWLANDS, I. W." box="[473,637,1099,1122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref10700" refString="ROWLANDS, I. W. 1974. The habitat of mountain viscacha (Lagidium) in the Andes. Pp. 131 - 141 in I. Biology of hystricomorph rodents (W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 34. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1974">Rowlands 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not seen cited in Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FE8EB42A2BF10790" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[260,410,1131,1154]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) compared to the apparently diurnal habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FF45B4CA283207B0" authority="(Wilson and Kleiman 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson and Kleiman" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[207,601,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF45B4CA2B4107B0" box="[207,298,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
(Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FE32B4CA282507B0" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[440,590,1163,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FF12B4EA2BEC0510" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Vasallo and Mora (2007) included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FD91B4EA28F707D0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[539,668,1195,1218]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FD91B4EA28F707D0" box="[539,668,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in an allometric analysis of the effect of size on skull attributes (development of the mandibular angle and masseteric crest, and the robustness of incisors) in ctenomyid and octodontid rodents. They concluded that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FEFEB56A28650650" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[372,526,1323,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FEFEB56A28650650" box="[372,526,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in other octodontids and in ctenomyids, mandibular width and cross-sectional shape of the incisors show a significant and positive association with basicranium length. They also noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FD95B5CA28F506B0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[543,670,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FD95B5CA285906B0" box="[543,562,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FDCAB5CA28F506B0" box="[576,670,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FF56B5EA2B2E06D0" box="[220,325,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF56B5EA2B2E06D0" box="[220,325,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the intensification of the hystricognath condition (lateral expansion of the mandibular angle and masseteric crest) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FE9DB5AA2BEB0510" box="[279,384,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE9DB5AA2BEB0510" box="[279,384,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FF12B64A2F7C0210" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1954]" lastBlockId="4.[838,1524,203,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The glans penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FEEFB64A2B940530" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[357,511,1547,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FEEFB64A2B940530" box="[357,511,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 2 long spines on each side of the intromittent sac (2-2 pattern), although some specimens show a 2-3 pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEF5B60A28770570" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." box="[383,540,1611,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref10952" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E. 1979. Contrastacion de la macrosistematica de roedores caviomorfos por analisis comparativo de la morfologia reproductiva masculina. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales 12: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1979">Spotorno 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FDA0B60A296C0570" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & AND F. M." box="[554,775,1611,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="926 - 935" refId="ref8134" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. S POTORNO, AND F. M. CATZEFLIS. 1993. Morphological variation of the glans penis of South American octodontid and abrocomid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 926 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Contreras et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); these spines are the longest among octodontids (average length 5.6 mm—Contreras et al. 1993). These features indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FD75B6CA2AA005D0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FD75B6CA297905B0" box="[767,786,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FFE7B6EA2AA005D0" box="[109,203,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more closely related to generalist and subterranean species than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FE9AB68A2B0605F0" box="[272,365,1739,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE9AB68A2B0605F0" box="[272,365,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FE1AB68A285005F0" box="[400,571,1739,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FE1AB68A285005F0" box="[400,571,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the 1-1 pattern is interpreted to be ancestral and the 2-2 pattern derived in extant octodontid rodents (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEC0B74A285A0430" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & AND F. M." box="[330,561,1803,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="926 - 935" refId="ref8134" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. S POTORNO, AND F. M. CATZEFLIS. 1993. Morphological variation of the glans penis of South American octodontid and abrocomid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 926 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Contreras et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FDC1B74A28A60430" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[587,717,1803,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FDC1B74A28350430" box="[587,606,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FDE5B74A28A60430" box="[623,717,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows the longest baculum among octodontids, which gradually tapers from the base to the tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FEF9B70A283B0470" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & AND F. M." box="[371,592,1867,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="926 - 935" refId="ref8134" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. S POTORNO, AND F. M. CATZEFLIS. 1993. Morphological variation of the glans penis of South American octodontid and abrocomid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 926 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Contreras et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The vaginal wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FF07B72A2B640490" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[141,271,1899,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF07B72A2ACB0490" box="[141,160,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FF3BB72A2B640490" box="[177,271,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a hardened surface and does not have a complementary space to hold the spikes in a distal or lateral position, suggesting that they can be accommodated only when pointing backwards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FBA3B0AA2F6C0210" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & AND F. M." box="[1065,1287,235,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="926 - 935" refId="ref8134" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. S POTORNO, AND F. M. CATZEFLIS. 1993. Morphological variation of the glans penis of South American octodontid and abrocomid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 926 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Contreras et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FCF9B14A2F8D02B0" blockId="4.[838,1524,203,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Cummins and Woodall (1985) offer the sperm dimension of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FCE2B16A29820250" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[872,1001,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FCE2B16A29820250" box="[872,1001,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: head length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FA8BB16A2F0D0250" box="[1281,1382,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="5.0">5–29 µm</quantity>
|
||
; head width,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FCC2B10A29C30270" box="[840,936,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="6.0">6–50 µm</quantity>
|
||
; midpiece length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FBECB10A2EAD0270" box="[1126,1222,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="5.0">5–32 µm</quantity>
|
||
; principal length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FA0BB10A2F850270" box="[1409,1518,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="34.0">34–57 µm</quantity>
|
||
; and total length, 45–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FBA3B12A2E040290" box="[1065,1135,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The maximum duration of ejaculatory mounts recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FBC4B1CA2EA602B0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1102,1229,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FBC4B1CA2EA602B0" box="[1102,1229,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 60 s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FAB4B1CA2FBD02B0" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[1342,1494,395,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FCF9B1EA2FE10070" blockId="4.[838,1524,203,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FCF9B1EA2E5F02D0" author="BOZINOVIC, F." box="[883,1076,427,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="379 - 384" refId="ref7886" refString="BOZINOVIC, F. 1992. Rate of basal metabolism of grazing rodents from different habitats. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 379 - 384." type="journal article" year="1992">Bozinovic (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
determinated the body mass and basal metabolic rates of grazing rodents from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85DFFE4FB72B18A2F5902F0" box="[1272,1330,459,482]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and noted a body mass of 156.3 ± 3.0 g for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FBFAB1AA2E990110" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1136,1266,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FBFAB1AA2E990110" box="[1136,1266,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a basal metabolic rate of 0.805 ± 0.022 ml O 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4B1D7AE85DFFE4FBD2B24A2EF50105" attach="left" box="[1112,1182,521,546]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">g−1 h−1</superScript>
|
||
, and a proportion of predicted basal rate of metabolism of 94.3%. The thermoneutral zone of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FCC2B20A29AD0170" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[840,966,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FCC2B20A29AD0170" box="[840,966,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from 25°C to 35°C, within which 2 individuals had a basal rate that was 105% of the value predicted from body mass; at an ambient temperature of 25°C, they had 90% of the value expected from body mass.At temperatures between 5°C and 34°C, the mean body temperature was 37.2 ± 0.08°C; below 4°C, an animal became hypothermic, an unexpected observation given the harsh natural environment in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FABFB34A2FDF0030" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1333,1460,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FABFB34A2FDF0030" box="[1333,1460,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives. Correlated with this breakdown in temperature regulation was a decrease in metabolic rate (Arends and McNab 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FCF9B32A2FF70670" blockId="4.[838,1524,203,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FCF9B32A2E130090" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[883,1144,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FCF9B32A2E130090" box="[883,1144,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has less-developed renal papilla, low renal indices, and low urine concentration in comparison with the plains viscacha rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FB09B3EA2FFD00D0" baseAuthorityName="B.Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[1155,1430,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FB09B3EA2FFD00D0" box="[1155,1430,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Tympanoctomys barrerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reflecting a water-rich diet of cacti (Diaz and Ojeda 1999). The data presented by Diaz and Ojeda (1999) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FB76B3AA2F100710" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1276,1403,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FB76B3AA2F100710" box="[1276,1403,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: cortex thickness,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FC3DB44A2E7E0730" box="[951,1045,1035,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.83">1.83mm</quantity>
|
||
; medullary thickness,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FB77B44A2F350730" box="[1277,1374,1035,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="6.83">6.83 mm</quantity>
|
||
; relative medullary thickness (RMT = ratio of 10 times the medullary thickness to the cube root of the product of length × width × thickness of the kidney), 5.35; ratio of inner medulla cortex, 3.19; relative medullary area, 1.03. The RMT is considerably lower than values for other desert rodents, such as the plains viscacha rat (Diaz and Ojeda 1999). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85DFFE4FBA4B48A2E0107F0" box="[1070,1130,1227,1250]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Al-kahtani et al. (2004) obtained a RMT of 8.5 and a kidney mass of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FB48B4AA2F6C0610" box="[1218,1287,1259,1282]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.72" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="g" value="1.72">1.72 g</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FABDB4AA2FDD0610" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1335,1462,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FABDB4AA2FDD0610" box="[1335,1462,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they determined that rodents from arid areas have the largest RMT values and, through a phylogenetic analysis, that mass-corrected kidney mass is positively correlated with habitat aridity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FCF9B52A2E250510" blockId="4.[838,1524,203,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The longevity of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D387BBBE85DFFE4FBB4B52A2ED60690" box="[1086,1213,1387,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
in captivity was 7.6 years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FCDBB5CA29B806B0" author="WEIGL, R." box="[849,979,1419,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref12102" refString="WEIGL, R. 2005. Longevity of mammals in captivity; from the living collections of the world. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart, Germany." type="book" year="2005">Weigl 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Molting was observed in specimens captured in February, March, June, and December (Díaz and Barquez 2007). The digestive tract has a well-developed colon and cecum (Muñoz-Pedreros 2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85DFFE5FC20B6072B4A01B0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FC20B6072FFA0572" blockId="4.[938,1425,1606,1632]" box="[938,1425,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85DFFE4FC20B6072FFA0572" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[938,1425,1606,1632]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FC20B6072FFA0572" bold="true" box="[938,1425,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85DFFE4FCF9B6CB2E7604B3" blockId="4.[837,1523,1674,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The age at sexual maturity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FB5BB6CB2FBE05B3" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1233,1493,1674,1697]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FB5BB6CB2FBE05B3" box="[1233,1493,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 5 months (Ralls and Ballou 1982). The gestation period, in captivity, is 99–104 days with a litter of 2–4 offspring; the young are precocial and born completely furred with open eyes, weighing
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85DFFE4FCF8B74B29A00433" box="[882,971,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" unit="g" value="18.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="15.0">15–21 g</quantity>
|
||
at birth, and lactation lasts 5–6 weeks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FAF1B74B2F800433" author="WEIR, B. J." box="[1403,1515,1802,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref12130" refString="WEIR, B. J. 1974. Reproductive characteristics of hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 265 - 299 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Weir 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FC48B76B2E3C0453" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[962,1111,1834,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Redford and Eisenberg 1992). Puberty is indicated by the perforation of the vaginal closure membrane; it has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85DFFE4FBB4B72B2ED00493" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1086,1211,1898,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85DFFE4FBB4B72B2ED00493" box="[1086,1211,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at about 3–4 months (Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85DFFE4FCFFB7CB2E6604B3" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[885,1037,1930,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FF12B08A2B4A01B0" blockId="5.[107,794,203,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
In a study developed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FE1CB08A285303F0" box="[406,568,203,226]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Jujuy Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FDCBB08A28C503F0" box="[577,686,203,226]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Díaz and Barquez (2007) recorded in February,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D387BBBE85CFFE5FD93B0AA28110210" box="[537,634,235,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with a closed vagina, 1 lactating female with 6 mammae (2 axillary, 2 abdominal, and 2 inguinal), 1 lactating female, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D387BBBE85CFFE5FDEDB16A28AC0250" box="[615,711,299,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with 2 fetuses; in March, they recorded females with closed vaginas. Males with abdominal testes were recorded in both February and March, and males with scrotal testes in December. Juveniles were captured in February and November, and births were recorded in February and March, so juveniles of different ages were present in the population at the same time of the year in the same location. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FF7BB24A2B460130" box="[241,301,523,546]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a lactating female and a juvenile were mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FF52B26A2BE40150" author="PINE, R. H. & S. D. MILLER & AND M. L." box="[216,399,555,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="339 - 376" refId="ref10283" refString="PINE, R. H., S. D. MILLER, AND M. L. SCHAMBERGER. 1979. Contributions to the Mammalogy of Chile. Mammalia 43: 339 - 376." type="journal article" year="1979">Pine et al. (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
during November. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FDF0B26A28A00150" box="[634,715,555,578]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, young were recorded in January and May, and pregnant females were recorded in September (2 embryos) and October (1 embryo—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FFE7B2CA2B7A01B0" author="ANDERSON, S." box="[109,273,651,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref7514" refString="ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia. Taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E85CFFE6FEF2B29C2A8601D0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85CFFE5FEF2B29C2F370670" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FEF2B29C286501E5" blockId="5.[376,526,733,759]" box="[376,526,733,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85CFFE5FEF2B29C286501E5" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,733,759]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FEF2B29C286501E5" bold="true" box="[376,526,733,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FF12B3602BE0074A" blockId="5.[108,793,801,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF12B3602BF2002A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[152,409,801,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF12B3602BF2002A" box="[152,409,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a typical species of dry areas. It lives in small burrows among rocks or cactus roots, with scattered vegetation, shrubs, and cacti (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FE62B3202811006A" author="THOMAS, O." box="[488,634,865,888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="136 - 143" refId="ref11152" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. On small mammals collected in Jujuy by Senor E. Budin. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany and Geology, London 8: 136 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FD02B320297B006A" author="WALKER, E. P." box="[648,784,865,888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref12077" refString="WALKER, E. P. 1964. Mammals of the world. Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="1964">Walker 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FFE7B3C02B45008A" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[109,302,897,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz and Barquez 2007), where it feeds on vegetation, hides from terrestrial and aerial predators, and rears offspring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FF68B3802B0300CA" author="RIVERA, D. S." box="[226,360,961,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref10494" refString="RIVERA, D. S. 2013. Organizacion social de Octodontomys gliroides (Gervais y d'Orbigny, 1844) y las implicaciones sobre el origen y evolucion de la sociabilidad en roedores octodontidos. Ph. D. dissertation, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile." type="book" year="2013">Rivera 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In an ecological study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FD2DB3802AAF00EA" baseAuthorityName="Cornalia" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacobita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FD2DB3802AAF00EA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Leopardus jacobita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Andean region of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FE6DB3A028E100EA" box="[487,650,993,1016]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Jujuy Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FD17B3A0296600EA" box="[669,781,993,1016]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FFE7B4402A86070A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[109,237,1025,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FFE7B4402A86070A" box="[109,237,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was cited as an important food item of this Andean mountain cat because of their biomasses and relatively high frequencies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FF50B4002B10074A" author="REPPUCCI, J. I." box="[218,379,1089,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref10437" refString="REPPUCCI, J. I. 2012. Ecologia y abundancia poblacional del gato andino (Leopardus jacobita) y gato del pajonal (L. colocolo) en los altos Andes Argentinos. Ph. D. dissertation, Departamento de Biologia Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia Blanca, Argentina." type="book" year="2012">Reppucci 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FF12B4202B95054A" blockId="5.[108,793,801,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The openings of its burrows are connected by superficial tracks, and all the vegetation around the burrow is removed except thorny species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FEE6B4E0284507AA" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[364,558,1185,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FDE3B4E028CE07AA" box="[617,677,1185,1208]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the vegetation where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE8FB4802BE107CA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[261,394,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE8FB4802B7307CA" box="[261,280,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FEA6B4802BE107CA" box="[300,394,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed is dominated by the cacti
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF20B4A02BC807EA" authorityName="Britton & Rose" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Meyen" box="[170,419,1249,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Browningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF20B4A02BC807EA" box="[170,419,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Browningia candelaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE3EB4A0297A07EA" authority=", Polycereus" authorityName="Polycereus" box="[436,785,1249,1272]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE3EB4A028E607EA" box="[436,653,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Cereus atacamensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FD14B4A0297A07EA" box="[670,785,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Polycereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF14B5402A9E060A" box="[158,245,1281,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF14B5402A9E060A" box="[158,245,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as shrubs and herbs such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FD1FB5402A99062A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Polyachyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tarapacanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FD1FB5402A99062A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Polyachyrus tarapacanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE88B5602BDF062A" box="[258,436,1313,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Viguiera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE88B5602BDF062A" box="[258,436,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Viguiera gayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE49B56028E8062A" box="[451,643,1313,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Piqueria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE49B56028E8062A" box="[451,643,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Piqueria pinifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FD19B5602AC9064A" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Psila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FD19B5602AC9064A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Psila boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF38B5002B02064A" box="[178,361,1345,1368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Trixis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacaloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF38B5002B02064A" box="[178,361,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Trixis cacaloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE20B5002AC5066A" authority="(Munoz-Pedreros 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Munoz-Pedreros" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Mentzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ignea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE20B500283D064A" box="[426,598,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Mentzelia ignea</emphasis>
|
||
(Muñoz-Pedreros 2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to some authors,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE57B5202837066A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[477,604,1377,1400]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE57B5202B9B066A" box="[477,496,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE74B5202837066A" box="[510,604,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nocturnal (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FFE6B5C02B42068A" author="IPINZA, J. M. & TAMAZO & AND J." box="[108,297,1409,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref9265" refString="IPINZA, J. M., TAMAZO, AND J. TORRMANN. 1971. Octodontidae in Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile 16: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1971">Ipinza et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FE33B5C0283A068A" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[441,593,1409,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mares and Ojeda 1982), whereas other authors consider it diurnal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FDF4B5E0297B06AA" author="THOMAS, O." box="[638,784,1441,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="136 - 143" refId="ref11152" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. On small mammals collected in Jujuy by Senor E. Budin. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany and Geology, London 8: 136 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FFE7B5802B5706CA" author="MANN FISCHER, G." box="[109,316,1473,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref9503" refString="MANN FISCHER, G. 1978. Los pequenos mamiferos de Chile (marsupiales, quiropteros, edentados y roedores). Gayana, Zoologia 40: 1 - 342." type="journal article" year="1978">Mann Fischer 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz and Barquez 2007). Díaz and Barquez (2007) mentioned that it may remain active during the first hours of darkness. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FE42B64028F2050A" author="RIVERA, D. S. & ABADES, F. D. & ALFARO & AND L. A." box="[456,665,1537,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="968 - 980" refId="ref10545" refString="RIVERA, D. S., S. ABADES, F. D. ALFARO, AND L. A. EBENSPERGER. 2014. Sociality of Octodontomys gliroides and other octodontid rodents reflect the influence of phylogeny. Journal of Mammalogy 95: 968 - 980." type="journal article" year="2014">Rivera et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used radiotelemetry to determine that the females and males were more active during nighttime than daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FF12B62028FF042A" blockId="5.[108,793,801,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FF3DB6202A9A056A" box="[183,241,1633,1656]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FE88B6202B19056A" box="[258,370,1633,1656]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE0DB6202863056A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[391,520,1633,1656]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE0DB6202BF1056A" box="[391,410,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE20B6202863056A" box="[426,520,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was captured with other mammalian species such as the white-bellied akodont
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FD4DB6C02B5605AA" authority=", Andean" authorityName="Andean" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Akodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FD4DB6C02AB205AA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Akodon albiventer</emphasis>
|
||
, Andean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE13B6E0282705AA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[409,588,1697,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Andinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE13B6E0282705AA" box="[409,588,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Andinomys edax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, common yellowtoothed cavy
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF7CB6802BD105CA" box="[246,442,1729,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Galea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musteloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF7CB6802BD105CA" box="[246,442,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Galea musteloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE73B68028B205CA" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[505,729,1729,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Galea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoblephara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE73B68028B205CA" box="[505,729,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Galea leucoblephara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FE24B6A0297F05EA" authority="(Rodentia)" baseAuthorityName="Rodentia" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[430,788,1761,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Phyllotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FE24B6A028F205EA" box="[430,665,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Phyllotis xanthopygus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rodentia)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FDF7B74028E4042A" authority="(Didelphimorphia-Diaz and Barquez 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Didelphimorphia-Diaz and Barquez" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FDF7B7402AC3042A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Thylamys pallidior</emphasis>
|
||
(Didelphimorphia—Díaz and Barquez 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FF12B7002F120110" blockId="5.[108,793,801,1944]" lastBlockId="5.[839,1524,203,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Based on an isotopic study of hair from animals inhabiting the Andean region of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FED4B7202B95046A" box="[350,510,1889,1912]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Jujuy Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FD84B7202815046A" box="[526,638,1889,1912]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
), it was determined that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FF69B7C02B0B048A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[227,352,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FF69B7C02B0B048A" box="[227,352,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the first active link of the local food chain (Panarello and Fernández 2002). It is an herbivorous species with a diet rich in cellulose, with the composition of its diet changing from cacti in the winter to an apparently graded mixture of CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) species with a proportion of up to 30% of C3 grasses during the summer; it uses the watery tissues of the cacti
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB34B12A2F620290" box="[1214,1289,363,386]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB34B12A2F620290" box="[1214,1289,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Cereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FAB7B12A2FFF0290" box="[1341,1428,363,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FAB7B12A2FFF0290" box="[1341,1428,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as water source (Muñoz-Pedreros 2000; Panarello and Fernández 2002). Other plants eaten by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FBDAB1EA2EBD02D0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1104,1238,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBDAB1EA2EBD02D0" box="[1104,1238,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FADCB1EA29DE02F0" authorityName="R. Kiesling" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FADCB1EA29DE02F0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Maihueniopsis glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FC43B18A2ED502F0" authority=", Tarassa" authorityName="Tarassa" box="[969,1214,459,482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FC43B18A2E3302F0" box="[969,1112,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">M. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBE1B18A2ED502F0" box="[1131,1214,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Tarassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB58B18A2FD302F0" authorityName="Meyen & Walpers" authorityYear="1843" box="[1234,1464,459,482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gnaphalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB58B18A2FD302F0" box="[1234,1464,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Gnaphalium lacteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCC2B1AA2F1F0110" authority="(Panarello and Fernandez 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Panarello and Fernandez" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[840,1396,491,514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graveolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCC2B1AA2E7D0110" box="[840,1046,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Senecio graveolens</emphasis>
|
||
(Panarello and Fernández 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FCF9B24A2F8800D0" blockId="5.[839,1524,203,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
This species can suffer from otitis caused by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FAEAB24A29AB0150" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Pseudomonadaceae" genus="Pseudomonas" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Pseudomonadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FAEAB24A29AB0150" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; clinically, the tympanic membrane varied from mild hyperemia to dull opacification with collection of fluid behind it; radiographically, an increase in radiodensity and thickening of the wall and septa of the bulla characterize the infection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FA3AB2CA29D101D0" author="HELLER, R. M. & BUSH, J. & STRANDBERG, A. E. & JAMES, Jr. & AND E." pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref9119" refString="HELLER, R. M., M. BUSH, J. STRANDBERG, A. E. JAMES, Jr., AND E. SMITH. 1976. Inflammatory disease of the temporal bone of the brush tail rat (Octodontomys gliroides): a radiologic-clinical-pathologic correlation. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 17: 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1976">Heller et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FC5AB2EA2EF501D0" box="[976,1182,683,706]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="cruzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FC5AB2EA2EF501D0" box="[976,1182,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Trypanosoma cruzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the hemoflagellate responsible for Chagas disease, has been recorded in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FA05B28A29070010" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FA05B28A29070010" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is thought that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FBB9B2AA2ED90010" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1075,1202,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBB9B2AA2E2D0010" box="[1075,1094,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBDEB2AA2ED90010" box="[1108,1202,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have been involved with the domestic cycle of transmission with humans since prehistoric times (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FC40B36A2EB20050" author="SCHWEIGMANN, N. J." box="[970,1241,811,834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="217 - 220" refId="ref10830" refString="SCHWEIGMANN, N. J., ET AL. 1992. A new host of Tripanozoma cruzi from Jujuy, Argentina: Octodontomys gliroides (Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844) (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 87: 217 - 220." type="journal article" year="1992">Schweigmann et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FAD0B36A29E40070" author="BUITRAGO, R." pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="214" refId="ref7912" refString="BUITRAGO, R., ET AL. 2016. Blood meal sources of wild and domestic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia: connectivity between cycles of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasites and Vectors 9: 214." type="journal article" year="2016">Buitrago et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a study developed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FB18B30A2E880070" box="[1170,1251,843,866]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FA05B30A29070090" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FA05B30A29070090" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the predominant blood meal sources of wild populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCEDB3CA298800B0" box="[871,995,907,930]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="infestans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCEDB3CA298800B0" box="[871,995,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">T. infestans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(36%) and also revealed that there may be links between wild and domestic cycles of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB75B3EA2F2500D0" box="[1279,1358,939,962]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="cruzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB75B3EA2F2500D0" box="[1279,1358,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">T. cruzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transmission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FCF9B38A2F370670" blockId="5.[839,1524,203,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Regarding ectoparasites,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB0CB38A2F6300F0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1158,1288,971,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB0CB38A2F6300F0" box="[1158,1288,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hosts fleas of 2 species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB81B3AA2E1A0710" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1942" box="[1035,1137,1003,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalopsyllidae" genus="Ectinorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB81B3AA2E1A0710" box="[1035,1137,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Ectinorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB0BB3AA2E990710" authorityName="Smit" authorityYear="1987" box="[1153,1266,1003,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalopsyllidae" genus="Ectinorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nomisis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB0BB3AA2EFA0710" box="[1153,1169,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB2BB3AA2E990710" box="[1185,1266,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">nomisis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FA9DB3AA2FEA0710" box="[1303,1409,1003,1026]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FA33B3AA2F980710" box="[1465,1523,1003,1026]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCF3B44A29870730" box="[889,1004,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Neoctodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCF3B44A29870730" box="[889,1004,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">E. simonsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FB9CB44A2E0F0730" box="[1046,1124,1035,1058]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FB2AB44A2EB10730" box="[1184,1242,1035,1058]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FB67B44A2F340730" author="SMIT, F. G. A. M." box="[1261,1375,1035,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref10903" refString="SMIT, F. G. A. M. 1987. An illustrated catalogue of the Rothschild collection of fleas (Siphonaptera) in the Bristish Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, Brittish Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1987">Smit 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FAF8B44A29D10750" author="BEAUCOURNU, J. C. & BELAZ, S. & AND D." pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref7671" refString="BEAUCOURNU, J. C., S. BELAZ, S. MUnOZ- LeAL, AND D. GONZALEZ- ACUnA. 2013. A new flea, Ectinorus (Ectinorus) insignis n. sp. (Siphonaptera, Rhopalopsyllidae, Parapsyllinae), with notes on the subgenus Ectinorus in Chile and comments on unciform sclerotization in the superfamily Malacopsylloidea. Parasite 20: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2013">Beaucournu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FC42B46A2E690750" author="BEAUCOURNU, J. C. & L. MORENO & AND D." box="[968,1026,1067,1090]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="151 - 203" refId="ref7741" refString="BEAUCOURNU, J. C., L. MORENO, AND D. GONZALEZ- ACUnA. 2014. Fleas (Insecta-Siphonaptera) of Chile: a review. Zootaxa 3900: 151 - 203." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FABFB46A2FCF0750" authorityName="Smit" authorityYear="1987" box="[1333,1444,1067,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalopsyllidae" genus="Ectinorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nomisis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FABFB46A2FCF0750" box="[1333,1444,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">E. nomisis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should likely be regarded as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB66B40A29AE0790" authority="(Beaucournu et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Beaucournu" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Neoctodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB66B40A2F350770" box="[1260,1374,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">E. simonsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FAF8B40A29D10790" author="BEAUCOURNU, J. C. & BELAZ, S. & AND D." pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref7671" refString="BEAUCOURNU, J. C., S. BELAZ, S. MUnOZ- LeAL, AND D. GONZALEZ- ACUnA. 2013. A new flea, Ectinorus (Ectinorus) insignis n. sp. (Siphonaptera, Rhopalopsyllidae, Parapsyllinae), with notes on the subgenus Ectinorus in Chile and comments on unciform sclerotization in the superfamily Malacopsylloidea. Parasite 20: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2013">Beaucournu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other species of fleas reported on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FACFB42A2FAF0790" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1349,1476,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FACFB42A2FAF0790" box="[1349,1476,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCC3B4CA2EBE07B0" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1936" box="[841,1237,1163,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Hystrichopsyllidae" genus="Neotyphloceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crassispina" subSpecies="hemisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCC3B4CA2EBE07B0" box="[841,1237,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Neotyphloceras crassispina hemisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB6DB4CA2F8707B0" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1938" box="[1255,1516,1163,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanocircidae" genus="Nonnapsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB6DB4CA2F8707B0" box="[1255,1516,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Nonnapsylla rothschildi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCF3B4EA2F0407D0" authority="(Beaucournu et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Beaucournu" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[889,1391,1195,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Tungidae" genus="Hectopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCF3B4EA2E2507D0" box="[889,1102,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Hectopsylla suarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FBE8B4EA2F0F07D0" author="BEAUCOURNU, J. C. & L. MORENO & AND D." box="[1122,1380,1195,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="151 - 203" refId="ref7741" refString="BEAUCOURNU, J. C., L. MORENO, AND D. GONZALEZ- ACUnA. 2014. Fleas (Insecta-Siphonaptera) of Chile: a review. Zootaxa 3900: 151 - 203." type="journal article" year="2014">Beaucournu et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A louse of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCC2B48A29A007F0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[840,971,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCC2B48A293007F0" box="[840,859,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCE7B48A29A007F0" box="[877,971,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FC56B48A2EC107F0" baseAuthorityName="Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[988,1194,1227,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Hoplopleuridae" genus="Ferrisella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disgrega">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FC56B48A2EC107F0" box="[988,1194,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Ferrisella disgrega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB36B48A2FD207F0" authority=", Anoplura" authorityName="Anoplura" box="[1212,1465,1227,1250]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Phthiraptera, Anoplura</taxonomicName>
|
||
), has been recorded from Zapahuira and Chuzmiza (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FAD6B4AA2FF00610" box="[1372,1435,1259,1282]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FA39B4AA2F980610" box="[1459,1523,1259,1282]" country="Bolivia" name="Oruro" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Oruro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85CFFE5FCDAB54A29C80630" box="[848,931,1291,1314]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and Jujuy (Argentina—Castro and Cicchino 1987 as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCC2B56A2E400650" box="[840,1067,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Hopopleura
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FC5AB56A2E400650" baseAuthorityName="Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[976,1067,1323,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Hoplopleuridae" genus="Ferrisella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disgrega">disgrega</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; Durden and Musser 1994 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FAE5B56A2F870650" baseAuthorityName="Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1391,1516,1323,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Hoplopleuridae" genus="Ferrisella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disgrega">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FAE5B56A2F870650" box="[1391,1516,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">H. disgrega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Castro and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FC4AB50A2E5F0670" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[960,1076,1355,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="309 - 328" refId="ref11611" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2002. Patrones de evolucion morfologica en Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 309 - 328." type="journal article" year="2002">Verzi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FBC8B50A2F270670" author="MORENO SALAS, L. & DEL C. & CASTRO, J. C. & AND D." box="[1090,1356,1355,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="115 - 118" refId="ref9760" refString="MORENO SALAS, L., D. DEL C. CASTRO, J. C. TORRES- MURA, AND D. GONZALEZ- ACUnA. 2005. Phthiraptera (Amblycera andAnoplura) parasites of the family Octodontidae, Ctenomyidae and Abrocomidae (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Chile. Rudolstadter Naturhistorische Schriften 13: 115 - 118." type="journal article" year="2005">Moreno Salas et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85CFFE6FBDAB5DC2A8601D0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FBDAB5DC2E8006A5" blockId="5.[1104,1259,1437,1463]" box="[1104,1259,1437,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85CFFE5FBDAB5DC2E8006A5" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1104,1259,1437,1463]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBDAB5DC2E8006A5" bold="true" box="[1104,1259,1437,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">BEHAVIOR</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE5FCF9B5A02E6E040A" blockId="5.[840,1523,1505,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FCF9B5A02E1F06EA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[883,1140,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FCF9B5A02E1F06EA" box="[883,1140,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been observed in a family group; it is likely that the male is not bound to the same burrow as the female, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FBA6B6602EC5052A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1068,1198,1569,1592]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBA6B6602EC5052A" box="[1068,1198,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less social than the highly communal common degu
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FBE7B6002F79054A" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1133,1298,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FBE7B6002F79054A" box="[1133,1298,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Octodon degus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FAADB6002FB9054A" author="ROWLANDS, I. W." box="[1319,1490,1601,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref10700" refString="ROWLANDS, I. W. 1974. The habitat of mountain viscacha (Lagidium) in the Andes. Pp. 131 - 141 in I. Biology of hystricomorph rodents (W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 34. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1974">
|
||
Rowlands
|
||
<quantity id="4CC61DD7E85CFFE5FA17B6002FB9054A" box="[1437,1490,1601,1624]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01396" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" unit="in" value="1974.0">1974</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FC42B6202E0B056A" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[968,1120,1633,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85CFFE5FBFCB6202F2E056A" author="RIVERA, D. S. & ABADES, F. D. & ALFARO & AND L. A." box="[1142,1349,1633,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="968 - 980" refId="ref10545" refString="RIVERA, D. S., S. ABADES, F. D. ALFARO, AND L. A. EBENSPERGER. 2014. Sociality of Octodontomys gliroides and other octodontid rodents reflect the influence of phylogeny. Journal of Mammalogy 95: 968 - 980." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FA7ED0E85CFFE5FBFCB6202ED7056A" box="[1142,1212,1633,1656]" country="Uruguay" name="Rivera" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Rivera</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
determined that ecological differences (abundance and distribution of food, predation risk, and burrowing costs) in 2 populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FAFEB6E02F9905AA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1396,1522,1697,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FAFEB6E02F9905AA" box="[1396,1522,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not translate into social differences (group size and range area), and they also indicated that sociality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FACFB6A02FAD05EA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1349,1478,1761,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FACFB6A02FAD05EA" box="[1349,1478,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had an ancient origin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85CFFE6FCF9B7602B8C02D0" blockId="5.[840,1523,1505,1944]" lastBlockId="6.[109,793,203,706]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FC1CB7602E70042A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[918,1051,1825,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FC1CB76029C2042A" box="[918,937,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FC37B7602E70042A" box="[957,1051,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mutual upright body position with incisor interlocking and riding has been observed as part of social play; all members of families of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85CFFE5FB4AB7202F2F046A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1216,1348,1889,1912]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85CFFE5FB4AB7202F2F046A" box="[1216,1348,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also frequently sandbathed at the same location, often one after the other, and locomotor-rotational movements have also been observed (Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FE8EB0AA2BC90210" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[260,418,235,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to Emilio Budin in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FFE7B14A2B280230" author="THOMAS, O." box="[109,323,267,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="136 - 143" refId="ref11152" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. On small mammals collected in Jujuy by Senor E. Budin. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany and Geology, London 8: 136 - 143." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas (1913:143)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the specimens “are not wild, and are easily shot.” In captivity, family groups (parents and young) immediately engage in intense social activity after awakening and do not eat until much later; this suggests that family groups may play together close to the nest site and then disperse to forage in nature (Wilson and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FEB5B1EA2BBC02D0" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[319,471,427,450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FF12B18A2A8601D0" blockId="6.[109,793,203,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FF30B18A2B5602F0" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[186,317,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FF30B18A2B5602F0" box="[186,317,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a pre-copulatory vocalization, a modified version of the alarm squeak, and gurgle or twitter similar to those produced by some birds have been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FD24B24A2AC90150" author="EISENBERG, J. F." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="211 - 247" refId="ref8683" refString="EISENBERG, J. F. 1974. The function and motivational basis of hystricomorph vocalizations. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 34: 211 - 247." type="journal article" year="1974">Eisenberg 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FF38B26A2B200150" author="KLEIMAN, D. G." box="[178,331,555,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9303" refString="KLEIMAN, D. G. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. Pp. 171 - 209 in The biology of hystricomorph rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.). Academic Press, New York." type="book" year="1974">Kleiman 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It emits low and middle frequency calls, and also several high frequency or ultrasonic vocalizations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FFFCB22A2B4B0190" author="EISENBERG, J. F." box="[118,288,619,642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="211 - 247" refId="ref8683" refString="EISENBERG, J. F. 1974. The function and motivational basis of hystricomorph vocalizations. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 34: 211 - 247." type="journal article" year="1974">Eisenberg 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the range of vocalizations of subterranean rodents is predominantly of low frequency (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FD36B2CA2AB601D0" author="SCHLEICH, C. E. & VEITL, E. & KNOTKOVA & AND S." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref10764" refString="SCHLEICH, C. E., S. VEITL, E. KNOTKOVA, AND S. BEGALL. 2007. Acoustic communication in subterranean rodents. Pp. 113 - 128 in Subterranean rodents: news from underground (S. Begall, H. Burda, and C. E. Schleich, eds.). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany." type="book" year="2007">Schleich et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85FFFE6FEFDB2BC2ED70690" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E85FFFE6FEFDB2BC2ED70690" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FEFDB2BC28640005" blockId="6.[375,527,765,791]" box="[375,527,765,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85FFFE6FEFDB2BC28640005" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[375,527,765,791]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FEFDB2BC28640005" bold="true" box="[375,527,765,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FF12B30028F1062A" blockId="6.[107,794,833,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FF12B3002BF7004A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[152,412,833,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FF12B3002BF7004A" box="[152,412,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a diploid number (2n) of 38 chromosomes and a fundamental number (FN) of 64; metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes represent 60% of the karyotype, with the rest comprised of acrocentric and subacrocentric chromosomes (George and Weir 1972). The karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FF04B3A02B7A00EA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[142,273,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FF04B3A02ACA00EA" box="[142,161,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FF39B3A02B7A00EA" box="[179,273,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be an extremely derived one, differing from those of all other octodontid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FDF8B4402AC9072A" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & SPOTORNO & AND L. I." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="768 - 774" refId="ref8187" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. SPOTORNO, AND L. I. WALKER. 1994. Chromosomes of Octomys mimax and Octodontomys gliroides and relationships of octodontid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 768 - 774." type="journal article" year="1994">Contreras et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The extreme variation observed in chromosome number (2n = 38–102) among octodontids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FDADB400297B074A" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & AND A. E." box="[551,784,1089,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="506 - 509" refId="ref8089" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, AND A. E. SPOTORNO. 1990. The largest known chromosome number for a mammal in a South American desert rodent. Experientia 46: 506 - 509." type="journal article" year="1990">Contreras et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FFE7B4202B60076A" author="GALLARDO, M. H." box="[109,267,1121,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref8713" refString="GALLARDO, M. H. 1992. Karyotypic evolution in octodontid rodents based on C-band analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="1992">Gallardo 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FE94B4202868076A" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." box="[286,515,1121,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="227 - 239" refId="ref11036" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1995. Chromosome divergence of Octodon lunatus and Abrocoma bennetti and the origins of Octodontoidea (Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68: 227 - 239." type="journal article" year="1995">Spotorno et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has been interpreted as resulting from chromosome fusions, with lower numbers derived from ancestral karyotypes with greater numbers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FDF6B4E02AC907CA" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & L. I & WALKER, L. C. & CONTRERAS, J. & PINCHEIRA & AND R." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="527" refId="ref10988" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., L. I. WALKER, L. C. CONTRERAS, J. PINCHEIRA, AND R. FERNANDEZ DONOSO. 1988. Cromosomas ancestrales en Octodontidae y Abrocomidae. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales 21: 527." type="journal article" year="1988">Spotorno et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although a bidirectional trend with a decrease from the modal 2n = 56–58 observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FE3EB4A0285907EA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[436,562,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FE3EB4A0285907EA" box="[436,562,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 38) and a saltational increase observed in the plains viscacha rat (2n = 102) has also been proposed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FEC3B5602B89062A" author="GALLARDO, M. H." box="[329,482,1313,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref8713" refString="GALLARDO, M. H. 1992. Karyotypic evolution in octodontid rodents based on C-band analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="1992">Gallardo 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FE7BB56028E1062A" author="GALLARDO, M. H." box="[497,650,1313,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref8740" refString="GALLARDO, M. H. 1997. A saltation model of karyotypic evolution in the Octodontoidea (Mammalia, Rodentia). Pp. 347 - 365 in Chromosomes today (H. Henriques-Gil, J. S. Parker, and M. J. Puertas, eds.). Vol. 12. Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1997">Gallardo 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FF12B5002EA60250" blockId="6.[107,794,833,1944]" lastBlockId="6.[837,1525,203,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
C-banded chromosomes reveal the presence of pericentric heterochromatin on the X chromosome and 6 autosomal pairs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FFFCB5C02B09068A" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & SPOTORNO & AND L. I." box="[118,354,1409,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="768 - 774" refId="ref8187" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. SPOTORNO, AND L. I. WALKER. 1994. Chromosomes of Octomys mimax and Octodontomys gliroides and relationships of octodontid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 768 - 774." type="journal article" year="1994">Contreras et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, for animals from the same locality,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FF45B5E02BEB06AA" author="GALLARDO, M. H." box="[207,384,1441,1464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref8713" refString="GALLARDO, M. H. 1992. Karyotypic evolution in octodontid rodents based on C-band analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="1992">Gallardo (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that the sex chromosomes were totally heterochromatic, and according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FDFEB5802ADF06EA" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & SPOTORNO & AND L. I." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="768 - 774" refId="ref8187" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. SPOTORNO, AND L. I. WALKER. 1994. Chromosomes of Octomys mimax and Octodontomys gliroides and relationships of octodontid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 768 - 774." type="journal article" year="1994">Contreras et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, cannot be attributed easily to technical differences. Moreover, if a consequence of the heterochromatinization is gene inactivation, this condition, affecting the entire X chromosome, would be the most extreme condition reported for any mammal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FFFCB6202B30056A" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & SPOTORNO & AND L. I." box="[118,347,1633,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="768 - 774" refId="ref8187" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. SPOTORNO, AND L. I. WALKER. 1994. Chromosomes of Octomys mimax and Octodontomys gliroides and relationships of octodontid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 768 - 774." type="journal article" year="1994">Contreras et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A hybridization analysis under relaxed conditions demonstrated that RPCS (repetitive PuvII
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FD3AB6C02972058A" box="[688,793,1665,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FD3AB6C02972058A" box="[688,793,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence)-related sequences were present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FDC1B6E028A105AA" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[587,714,1697,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FDC1B6E028A105AA" box="[587,714,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is suggested to have diverged from the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FDE4B68028BC05CA" box="[622,727,1729,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FDE4B68028BC05CA" box="[622,727,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more than 10 million years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FE17B6A0283205EA" author="ROSSI, M. S. & O. A. REIG & AND J." box="[413,601,1761,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="340 - 350" refId="ref10651" refString="ROSSI, M. S., O. A. REIG, AND J. ZORZoPULOS. 1990. Evidence for rollingcircle replication in a major satellite DNA from the South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7: 340 - 350." type="journal article" year="1990">Rossi et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there is a striking difference between the tandem repeats of RPCS of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FF1BB7602B7C042A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[145,279,1825,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FF1BB7602B7C042A" box="[145,279,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FE48B7602978042A" authority="(Rossi et al. 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[450,787,1825,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FE48B7602840042A" box="[450,555,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FDC8B7602963042A" author="ROSSI, M. S. & O. A. REIG & AND J." box="[578,776,1825,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="340 - 350" refId="ref10651" refString="ROSSI, M. S., O. A. REIG, AND J. ZORZoPULOS. 1990. Evidence for rollingcircle replication in a major satellite DNA from the South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7: 340 - 350." type="journal article" year="1990">Rossi et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FFE7B7002A85044A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[109,238,1857,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FFE7B7002A85044A" box="[109,238,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been referred to both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FDB9B70028AA044A" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[563,705,1857,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenomyinae">Ctenomyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FFE5B7202BE4046A" authority="(Verzi 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[111,399,1889,1912]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Octodontinae">
|
||
Octodontinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FE85B7202BEE046A" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[271,389,1889,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but molecular data provide no evidence for excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FEC9B7C02BAB048A" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[323,448,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FEC9B7C02BAB048A" box="[323,448,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FD8AB7C028FB048A" box="[512,656,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu stricto (Gallardo and Kirsch 2001); as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FB16B08A2F4F03F0" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1180,1316,203,226]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref11526" refString="VERZI, D. H. 1994. Origen y evolucion de los Ctenomyinae (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Un analisis de anatomia craneo-dentaria. Ph. D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Verzi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested, the craniomandibular and dental morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FB70B0AA2F1B0210" author="VERZI, D. H." box="[1274,1392,235,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="243 - 268" refId="ref11576" refString="VERZI, D. H. 2001. Phylogenetic position of Abalosia and the evolution of the extant Octodontinae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Octodontidae). Acta Theriologica 46: 243 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Verzi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and penial morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FC53B14A2EDF0230" author="CONTRERAS, L. C. & MURA, A. E. & AND F. M." box="[985,1204,267,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="926 - 935" refId="ref8134" refString="CONTRERAS, L. C., J. C. TORRES- MURA, A. E. S POTORNO, AND F. M. CATZEFLIS. 1993. Morphological variation of the glans penis of South American octodontid and abrocomid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 926 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Contreras et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may demonstrate high levels of homoplasy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FC63B16A2ED60250" author="GALLARDO, M. H. & R. A & OJEDA, C. & GONZALEZ & AND C." box="[1001,1213,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref8897" refString="GALLARDO, M. H., R. A. OJEDA, C. GONZALEZ, AND C. RiOS. 2007. The Octodontidae revisited. Pp. 695 - 719 in The quintessential naturalist: honoring the life and legacy of Oliver Pearson (D. A. Kelt, E. P. Lessa, J. A. Salazar-Bravo, and J. L. Patton, eds.). University of California Publications in Zoology, Berkeley." type="book" year="2007">Gallardo et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FCF9B10A2F5207F0" blockId="6.[837,1525,203,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB38B10A2F270270" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1202,1356,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB38B10A2F270270" box="[1202,1356,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain, but in the analysis ofUpham and Patterson (2012) combined 4-gene data set, this genus is positioned basal to the desert-adapted clade, sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FC62B1EA2E2E02D0" box="[1000,1093,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FC62B1EA2E2E02D0" box="[1000,1093,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FBE8B1EA2F6602D0" box="[1122,1293,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBE8B1EA2F6602D0" box="[1122,1293,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; whereas in the same work a BEAST analysis recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB30B18A2F3F02F0" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1210,1364,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB30B18A2F3F02F0" box="[1210,1364,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCE1B1AA29AC0110" baseAuthorityName="Wilson and Kleiman" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[875,967,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCE1B1AA29AC0110" box="[875,967,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FC57B1AA2E8F0110" authority=", Acoanemys" authorityName="Acoanemys" box="[989,1252,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Spalacopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FC57B1AA2E330110" box="[989,1112,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Spalacopus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBE1B1AA2E8F0110" box="[1131,1252,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Acoanemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Upham and Patterson (2015) with the inclusion of a 5th gene data set (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FAE1B24A293E0150" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">cytochromeb</emphasis>
|
||
) recovered in all the analysis the same topology as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FA0FB26A29A00170" author="HONEYCUTT, R. L. & D. L. ROWE & AND M. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref9180" refString="HONEYCUTT, R. L., D. L. ROWE, AND M. H. GALLARDO. 2003. Molecular systematics of the South American caviomorph rodents: relationships among species and genera in the family Octodontidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 476 - 489." type="journal article" year="2003">Honeycutt et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who represented a clade by placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FAC2B20A2F980170" box="[1352,1523,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Tympanoctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FAC2B20A2F980170" box="[1352,1523,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Tympanoctomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCFCB22A29B80190" box="[886,979,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCFCB22A29B80190" box="[886,979,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, grouped separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB50B22A2F180190" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1242,1395,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB50B22A2F180190" box="[1242,1395,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was sister to a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FBFBB2CA2EA601B0" baseAuthorityName="Wilson and Kleiman" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1137,1229,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBFBB2CA2EA601B0" box="[1137,1229,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a clade represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCC3B2EA29A901D0" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[841,962,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Aconaemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCC3B2EA29A901D0" box="[841,962,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Aconaemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FC7EB2EA2E0401D0" box="[1012,1135,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Spalacopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FC7EB2EA2E0401D0" box="[1012,1135,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Spalacopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also see Gallardo and Kirsch 2001;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FCC2B28A29A601F0" author="OPAZO, J. C." box="[840,973,715,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref10110" refString="OPAZO, J. C. 2005. A molecular timescale for caviomorph rodents (Mammalia, Hystricognathi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 932 - 937." type="journal article" year="2005">Opazo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FC57B28A2EC901F0" author="VERZI, D. H. & M. M. DiAZ & AND R. M." box="[989,1186,715,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref11727" refString="VERZI, D. H., M. M. DiAZ, AND R. M. BARQUEZ. 2015 a. Genus Octodontomys. Pp. 1043 - 1048 in Mammals of South America. Vol. 2, rodents (J. L. Patton, U. F. J. Pardinas, and G. D'Elia, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2015">Verzi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FB39B28A2E8301F0" author="VERZI, D. H. & A. I & OLIVARES, C. C. & MORGAN & AND A." box="[1203,1256,715,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref11975" refString="VERZI, D. H., A. I. OLIVARES, C. C. MORGAN, AND A. ALVAREZ. 2016. Contrasting phylogenetic and diversity patterns in octodontoid rodents and a new definition of the family Abrocomidae. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 23: 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FA89B28A2F9801F0" author="GALLARDO, M. H. & BICKHAM, G. & KAUSEL, N. & AND R. L." box="[1283,1523,715,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="163 - 169" refId="ref8806" refString="GALLARDO, M. H., J. W. BICKHAM, G. KAUSEL, N. KoHLER, AND R. L. HONEYCUTT. 2003. Gradual and quantum genome size shifts in the hystricognath rodents. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 163 - 169." type="journal article" year="2003">Gallardo et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found significant differences in DNA content within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCC0B34A29B60030" box="[842,989,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FBAEB34A2ED50030" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1060,1214,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBAEB34A2ED50030" box="[1060,1214,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differing significantly from the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FC49B36A2E550050" box="[963,1086,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Spalacopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FC49B36A2E550050" box="[963,1086,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Spalacopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FBC4B36A2EC00050" box="[1102,1195,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBC4B36A2EC00050" box="[1102,1195,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB61B36A2F0F0050" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[1259,1380,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Aconaemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB61B36A2F0F0050" box="[1259,1380,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Aconaemys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, these authors indicated a time of divergence to a form split from the common degu
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB9EB32A2EDD0090" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1044,1206,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB9EB32A2EDD0090" box="[1044,1206,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodon degus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that gave rise to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FAFFB32A2F9E0090" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1397,1525,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FAFFB32A2F9E0090" box="[1397,1525,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the Late Miocene, about 5.99 million years ago; in concordance with Gallardo and Kirsch (2001).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FAAAB3EA2F9F00D0" author="RIVERA, D. S. & J. A & VIANNA, L. A. & EBENSPERGER & AND R. E." box="[1312,1524,939,962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="410 - 430" refId="ref10594" refString="RIVERA, D. S., J. A. VIANNA, L. A. EBENSPERGER, AND R. E. PALMA. 2016. Phylogeography and demographic history of the Andean degu, Octodontomys gliroides (Rodentia: Octodontidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178: 410 - 430." type="journal article" year="2016">Rivera et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on Bayesian analysis of mtDNA control region haplotypes recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FC32B3AA2E510710" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[952,1082,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FC32B3AA2E510710" box="[952,1082,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">O. gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a well-supported monophyletic group composed of 2 principal lineages, namely lineages A and B. Lineage A was widespread in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85FFFE6FB06B46A2EB10750" box="[1164,1242,1067,1090]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85FFFE6FA85B46A2F200750" box="[1295,1355,1067,1090]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and comprised 20 haplotypes in 93 individuals from populations in northern, central, and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85FFFE6FBA4B42A2E140790" box="[1070,1151,1131,1154]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85FFFE6FA9DB42A2F3F0790" box="[1303,1364,1131,1154]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. While lineage B was geographically restricted mainly to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329F0A2E85FFFE6FA8EB4CA2F1A07B0" box="[1284,1393,1163,1186]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including 6 haplotypes in 6 individuals and 1 haplotype in a single individual belonging to the southern Bolivian population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FCF9B4AA2ED70690" blockId="6.[837,1525,203,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCF9B4AA29B70610" box="[883,988,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCF9B4AA29B70610" box="[883,988,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FB9AB4AA2EC10610" baseAuthorityName="Vassallo and Verzi" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1040,1194,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FB9AB4AA2EC10610" box="[1040,1194,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only vertebrates where shorter S rRNA have been reported; the splitting or elimination of the intron has not been found in other rodents, indicating horizontal acquisition in the common ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FAD2B50A2FAA0670" box="[1368,1473,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FAD2B50A2FAA0670" box="[1368,1473,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Ctenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCC2B52A2EDC0690" authority="(Melen et al. 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Melen" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[840,1207,1387,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCC2B52A29890690" box="[840,994,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FC78B52A2EC70690" author="MELEN, G. J. & PESCE, M. S. & ROSSI & AND A. R." box="[1010,1196,1387,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="3107 - 3118" refId="ref9663" refString="MELEN, G. J., C. G. PESCE, M. S. ROSSI, AND A. R. KORNBLIHTT. 1999. Novel processing in a mammalian nuclear 28 S pre-rRNA: tissue-specific elimination of an ' intron' bearing a hidden break site. The EMBO Journal 18: 3107 - 3118." type="journal article" year="1999">Melen et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B1A9D9E85FFFE6FBA0B5852EBC056C" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324E3B9E85FFFE6FBA0B5852EBC056C" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FBA0B5852F7A06CC" blockId="6.[1066,1297,1476,1502]" box="[1066,1297,1476,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<heading id="D0C9075EE85FFFE6FBA0B5852F7A06CC" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1066,1297,1476,1502]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FBA0B5852F7A06CC" bold="true" box="[1066,1297,1476,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81B032E85FFFE6FCF9B6462EBC056C" blockId="6.[840,1523,1543,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ECBB1E85FFFE6FCF9B6462E18050C" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[883,1139,1543,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Octodontidae" genus="Octodontomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gliroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A6C20E85FFFE6FCF9B6462E18050C" box="[883,1139,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Octodontomys gliroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in suitable habitat, and no major threats are known to this species. It is considered a species of “Least Concern” (Diaz and Ojeda 2000; Muñoz-Pedreros 2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FC01B6262E56056C" author="TIRIRA, D. & C. BOADA & WEKSLER, M. & ANDERSON, R. P. & LAVERDE, M." box="[907,1085,1639,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="4493577" refId="ref11191" refString="TIRIRA, D., C. BOADA, WEKSLER, M., ANDERSON, R. P., AND GoMEZ- LAVERDE, M. 2008. Octodontomys gliroides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 15091 A 4493577. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 15091 A 4493577. in. Accessed 24 November 2015." type="book chapter" year="2008">Tirira et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFCDC3E85FFFE6FBC1B6262EAC056C" author="OJEDA, R. A." box="[1099,1223,1639,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9901" refString="OJEDA, R. A. 2012. Family Octodontidae. Pp. 189 - 191 in Libro rojo, mamiferos amenazados de la Argentina (R. A. Ojeda, V. Chillo, and G. B. Diaz Isenrath, eds.). Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos (SAREM), Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="2012">Ojeda 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |