785 lines
104 KiB
XML
785 lines
104 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="03808B92D01ACE979E6A1C3F9C607B06">Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A239F1EB6D898E50E5F80ADBCD5F877D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="28504ABF122DAEFFA28307EEDF260F2A">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0B87A6184A8F97F9BC13732FBC88380C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AC0486F61F6491D54989864AE60221EB">
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<mods:date id="ECF4EB841334461E9628637D81552EDB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EC7FC61738BAD737FC05A91D8EEFD761">2020-09-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="76A9B22272EAC97E2CE893B2CF947E2C">4853</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91EFFB7F1CCE0C23AE7FA13" authority="Cranston, 2020" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,431,1423,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F1CCE0C23AE7FA13" bold="true" box="[151,431,1423,1450]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2B71A5BE91EFFB7F0EDE0C23AB0FA13" box="[438,504,1423,1449]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91EFFB7F1CCE0FE38F3FA48" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91EFFB7F1CCE0FE3A51FA74" blockId="13.[151,955,1423,1522]" box="[151,281,1459,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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(
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<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91EFFB7F1C4E0FE3A58FA77" box="[159,272,1459,1485]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1419,491,1787]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetId-1="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetId-2="figure-163@18.[168,1419,489,1789]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91EFFB7F1CCE351397CF98E" box="[151,564,1564,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91EFFB7F1CCE351397CF98E" blockId="13.[151,564,1564,1588]" box="[151,564,1564,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91EFFB7F1CCE3513A56F98E" ID-CoL="6H4N" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,286,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F1CCE3513A56F98E" box="[151,286,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Paratendipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
‘K1’
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91EFFB7F002E3513AB8F98E" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[345,496,1564,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref11944" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1991) Immature Chironomidae of the Alligator Rivers Region. Open File Record, 82 (Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region), 1 - 269." type="journal article" year="1991">Cranston 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91EFFB7F0A1E3513978F98E" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[506,560,1564,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" refId="ref11980" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1996) Identification Guide to the Chironomidae of New South Wales. AWT Identification Guide No. 1. Australian Water Technologies Pty Ltd., West Ryde, New South Wales, 376 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91EFFB4F1CCE32F3FD5FF0B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91EFFB7F1CCE32F3F36F91A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1634,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F1CCE32F3A32F9C6" bold="true" box="[151,378,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F0D2E32F3F36F91A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749313" collectingDate="1989-04-14" collectorName="Kakadu N. P. & Gulungul Ck." country="Australia" latitude="-12.75" location="Northern Territory" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.91667" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Northern Territory" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="244BC590E91EFFB7F0D2E32F3ABCF9C6" box="[393,500,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, here designated: Le/Pe/
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||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F255E32F3869F9C6" box="[782,801,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E91EFFB7F277E32F3886F9C6" box="[812,974,1634,1660]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91EFFB7F281E32F3FE2F9C6" box="[986,1194,1634,1660]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F5EDE32F3E0FF9C7" box="[1206,1351,1634,1661]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Kakadu N.P.</collectorName>
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, Radon Springs [headwater
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<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F02CE3CB395CF91A" box="[375,532,1669,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Gulungul Ck.</collectorName>
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],
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, 13/
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<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F273E3CB38D6F91A" box="[808,926,1670,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-04-14">
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<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F273E3CB38D6F91A" box="[808,926,1670,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-04-14">14.iv.1989</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F2F5E3CB3F5EF91A" box="[942,1046,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Cranston</emphasis>
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)(ANIC).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91EFFB7F19CE3E63FFDF87A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1634,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F19CE3E6393EF953" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749305" collectingDate="1988-05-20" collectorName="Cranston" latitude="-12.683333" location="Cranston" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.91667" municipality="Hardwick" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="244BC590E91EFFB7F19CE3E63A7CF97F" box="[199,308,1707,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(collected
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, deposited ANIC, unless otherwise stated).
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<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F543E3E73F75F97E" box="[1048,1085,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
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, as
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<typeStatus id="244BC590E91EFFB7F536E3E73F9BF97E" box="[1133,1235,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; P
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<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F5A8E3E63E40F97F" box="[1267,1288,1707,1733]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F44CE3E73ED0F97E" box="[1303,1432,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Magela Ck</collectorName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F1A7E3833A21F953" box="[252,361,1742,1769]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.86667">132°52’E</geoCoordinate>
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, iv–v.1992 (
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<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F0A3E383392DF952" box="[504,613,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F0A3E383392DF952" box="[504,613,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Hardwick</collectingMunicipality>
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</emphasis>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F324E3823B95F8B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749314" collectingDate="1988-05-20" latitude="-12.683333" location="Cranston" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.91667" municipality="Hardwick" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F324E38239DEF953" box="[639,662,1743,1769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F3FFE383386BF952" box="[676,803,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Magela Ck</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F26BE38238C9F953" box="[816,897,1743,1769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Ranger</collectorName>
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outfall,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F2B9E3833F77F952" box="[994,1087,1742,1768]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-12.683333">12°41’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F51CE3833FFDF953" box="[1095,1205,1742,1769]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.91667">132°55’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F599E3833E78F952" box="[1218,1328,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-20">
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<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F599E3833E78F952" box="[1218,1328,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-20">20.v.1988</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F419E3833E36F952" box="[1346,1406,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
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<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F419E3833E36F952" box="[1346,1406,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Wells</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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&
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F1CCE3BF3B9AF8B6" box="[151,210,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F1CCE3BF3B9AF8B6" box="[151,210,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Suter</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F1B0E3BF3AC9F88A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749319" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F1B0E3BF3A58F8B6" box="[235,272,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 14Pe, P/
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F025E3BF3ADAF8B6" box="[382,402,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 9P/
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F090E3BF3A92F8B6" box="[459,474,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ‘Treehouse’, Magela Ck, below Bowerbird Billabong,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F50BE3BF3FE4F8B6" box="[1104,1196,1778,1804]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-12.783334">12°47’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F5EFE3BF3E6AF8B6" box="[1204,1314,1778,1804]" degrees="133" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="133.05">133°03’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F475E3BF3ED4F8B6" box="[1326,1436,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-28">28.v.1988</date>
|
||
(3 BMNH, 3 ZSM);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F0D7E25A38D4F88A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749307" box="[396,924,1814,1841]" collectingDate="1988-05-29" latitude="-12.916667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.83333" municipality="Hickey Ck" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F0D7E25A3AE3F88B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F0D7E25A3AE3F88B" box="[396,427,1815,1841]" latitude="-12.916667" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.83333" municipality="Hickey Ck" name="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F0E1E25B3970F88A" box="[442,568,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Hickey Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F31CE25B39ECF88B" box="[583,676,1814,1841]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-12.916667">12°55’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F3F5E25B3853F88B" box="[686,795,1814,1841]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.83333">132°50’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F270E25B38D4F88A" box="[811,924,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F270E25B38D4F88A" box="[811,924,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-29">29.v.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F2F0E25B3A94F8EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749312" collectingDate="1988-06-02" collectorName="Wildman R. & Arnhem Hwy X." latitude="-12.833333" location="Le" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.01666" municipality="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F2F0E25B3884F88A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F2F0E25B3884F88A" box="[939,972,1814,1840]" latitude="-12.833333" longLatPrecision="1292" longitude="132.01666" municipality="Pe" name="Le" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Le</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F28EE25B38BCF88A" box="[981,1012,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F2A5E25B3F44F88A" box="[1022,1036,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F541E25B3FEEF88B" box="[1050,1190,1814,1841]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Wildman R.</collectorName>
|
||
@
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F588E25B3EDFF88B" box="[1235,1431,1814,1841]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Arnhem Hwy X.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F1CCE2773BBBF8EF" box="[151,243,1850,1877]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-12.833333">12°50’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F1A3E2773A2EF8EE" box="[248,358,1850,1876]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.01666">132°01’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F02BE2773A94F8EE" box="[368,476,1850,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F02BE2773A94F8EE" box="[368,476,1850,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-06-02">2.vi.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F0BDE2763FE9F8EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749302" box="[486,1185,1850,1877]" collectingDate="1988-05-28" latitude="-13.366667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="132.46666" municipality="Barramundie Ck" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F0BDE276394DF8EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F0BDE276394DF8EF" box="[486,517,1851,1877]" latitude="-13.366667" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="132.46666" municipality="Barramundie Ck" name="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F355E2773980F8EE" box="[526,712,1850,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Barramundie Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, below falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F20DE27738FBF8EE" box="[854,947,1850,1876]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.366667">13°22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F2ECE2773F6EF8EE" box="[951,1062,1850,1876]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.46666">132°28’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F574E2773FE9F8EE" box="[1071,1185,1850,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F574E2773FE9F8EE" box="[1071,1185,1850,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-28">28.v.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F5F1E27738C8F8C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749306" collectingDate="1992-04-25" collectorName="Pe, P & Hardwick" latitude="-13.5" location="Rockhole Mine Ck" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
6
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F5ECE2773FB9F8EF" box="[1207,1265,1850,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe, P</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F5AAE2763E4EF8EF" box="[1265,1286,1851,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, P
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F47EE2763E7EF8EF" box="[1317,1334,1851,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F41BE2773ED5F8EE" box="[1344,1437,1850,1876]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.5">13°30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F1CCE2133A4DF8C2" box="[151,261,1886,1912]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.5">132°30’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F04BE2133AAEF8C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F04BE2133AAEF8C2" box="[272,486,1886,1912]" latitude="-13.5" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.5" name="Rockhole Mine Ck" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Rockhole Mine Ck</location>
|
||
, RMC site A,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F3D9E21339B0F8C3" box="[642,760,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1992-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F3D9E21339B0F8C3" box="[642,760,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1992-04-25">25.iv.1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F253E213383DF8C2" box="[776,885,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F253E213383DF8C2" box="[776,885,1886,1912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Hardwick</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F2D6E2123EDFF8C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749322" box="[909,1431,1886,1913]" collectingDate="1988-05-25" latitude="-13.483334" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="132.58333" municipality="Koolpin Ck" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F2D6E21238E4F8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F2D6E21238E4F8C3" box="[909,940,1887,1913]" latitude="-13.483334" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="132.58333" municipality="Koolpin Ck" name="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F2EDE2133F71F8C2" box="[950,1081,1886,1912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Koolpin Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F517E2133FE0F8C2" box="[1100,1192,1886,1912]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.483334">13°29’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F5F5E2133E54F8C3" box="[1198,1308,1886,1913]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.58333">132°35’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F47CE2133EDFF8C3" box="[1319,1431,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F47CE2133EDFF8C3" box="[1319,1431,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-25">25.v.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F1CCE2CE3F3BF826" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749311" box="[151,1139,1922,1949]" collectingDate="1988-05-24" collectorName="Pe, S & Alligator R." latitude="-13.55" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.55" municipality="Fisher Ck" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F1CCE2CE3BFEF827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F1CCE2CE3BFEF827" box="[151,182,1923,1949]" latitude="-13.55" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="132.55" municipality="Fisher Ck" name="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</location>
|
||
, same except 15/16.1992;
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F081E2CE395DF826" box="[474,533,1922,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe, S</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F346E2CF39ECF827" box="[541,676,1922,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Alligator R.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91EFFB7F3F5E2CF3855F826" box="[686,797,1922,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Fisher Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F27CE2CF38CBF826" box="[807,899,1922,1948]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.55">13°33’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F2D2E2CF38BFF826" box="[905,1015,1922,1948]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.55">132°33’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F55AE2CF3F3BF826" box="[1025,1139,1922,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F55AE2CF3F3BF826" box="[1025,1139,1922,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1988-05-24">24.v.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F526E2CF39C8F87A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749308" collectingDate="1989-04-20" latitude="-13.566667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="32.583332" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F526E2CF3FEAF827" box="[1149,1186,1922,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F5F6E2CE3F84F827" box="[1197,1228,1923,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F58EE2CF3FBCF826" box="[1237,1268,1922,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Le</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F5A6E2CF3E53F826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91EFFB7F5A6E2CF3E53F826" box="[1277,1307,1922,1948]" latitude="-13.566667" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="32.583332" name="Pe" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91EFFB7F47FE2CF3E7FF826" box="[1316,1335,1922,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F41BE2CF3ED4F826" box="[1344,1436,1922,1948]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.566667">13°34’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F1CCE2EB3A4DF87B" box="[151,261,1958,1985]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="132.58333">132°35’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, S.
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F076E2EB3ADAF87A" box="[301,402,1958,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Alligator</collectorName>
|
||
R.,
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F09AE2EB395DF87A" box="[449,533,1958,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Gimbat</collectorName>
|
||
spillway,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F3DCE2EB3FF9F87A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749318" box="[647,1201,1958,1985]" collectingDate="1989-04-20" latitude="-13.566667" location="Pe" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="32.583332" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F3DCE2EB3872F87A" box="[647,826,1958,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Coronation Hill</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F21EE2EB38EAF87A" box="[837,930,1958,1984]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-13.566667">13°34’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F2F3E2EB3F40F87B" box="[936,1032,1958,1985]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="32.583332">32°35’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19/
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F562E2EB3FF9F87A" box="[1081,1201,1958,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-04-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F562E2EB3FF9F87A" box="[1081,1201,1958,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-04-20">20.iv.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91EFFB7F19CE2873F1EF85E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1634,2021]" box="[199,1110,1994,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91EFFB7F19CE2873AC9F85E" bold="true" box="[199,385,1994,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91EFFB7F0D3E2873F1AF85E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749310" box="[392,1106,1994,2021]" collectingDate="1989-09-20" collectorName="Pe, U & Brisbane R." latitude="-26.8" location="Queensland" longLatPrecision="1240" longitude="152.26666" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91EFFB7F0D3E2873959F85E" box="[392,529,1994,2020]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F340E2863914F85F" box="[539,604,1995,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Pe, U</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="56051EE4E91EFFB7F33CE28739A6F85F" box="[615,750,1994,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540">Brisbane R.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F3A1E287381EF85E" box="[762,854,1994,2020]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="-26.8">26°48’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91EFFB7F206E2873883F85F" box="[861,971,1994,2021]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" precision="925" value="152.26666">152°16’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91EFFB7F28DE2873F1AF85E" box="[982,1106,1994,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91EFFB7F28DE2873F1AF85E" box="[982,1106,1994,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="540" value="1989-09-20">20.ix.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE5DA3FD5FF0B" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" box="[199,1181,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B98716FE91DFFB4F19CE5DA3FD0FF0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029749325" box="[199,1176,150,177]" collectingDate="1998-06-17" collectingDateMax="1998-06-20" collectingDateMin="1998-06-17" latitude="-16.516666" location="Vynnot Ck" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Kimberley" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91DFFB4F19CE5DA3ADBFF0B" box="[199,403,151,177]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="EDF6B0BBE91DFFB4F0C6E5DA3AFCFF0B" box="[413,436,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1B2BE148E91DFFB4F09BE5DA3971FF0B" box="[448,569,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Kimberley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FE2F2DE9E91DFFB4F31FE5DA39F6FF0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7359CA24E91EFFA9F1CCE0C2397CFEFB:FE2F2DE9E91DFFB4F31FE5DA39F6FF0B" box="[580,702,151,177]" latitude="-16.516666" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="125.26667" municipality="Kimberley" name="Vynnot Ck" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" stateProvince="Western Australia">Vynnot Ck</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91DFFB4F391E5DA386EFF0B" box="[714,806,151,177]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="-16.516666">16°31’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9EC41DF5E91DFFB4F276E5DB38D3FF0B" box="[813,923,150,177]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="125.26667">125°16’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8F4E5DF2E91DFFB4F2FCE5DA3F01FF0B" box="[935,1097,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" value="1998-06-17" valueMax="1998-06-20" valueMin="1998-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F0AA41AE91DFFB4F2FCE5DA3F01FF0B" box="[935,1097,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" value="1998-06-17" valueMax="1998-06-20" valueMin="1998-06-17">17–20.vi.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F502E5DA3FC5FF0A" box="[1113,1165,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Weir</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91DFFB4F19CE5F63973FF43" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE5F63973FF43" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F19CE5F63A06FF6F" bold="true" box="[199,334,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
sine spina (‘without’ ‘spine’ L.), refers to the simple anterior tibial apex lacking the fine spine that characterises nearly all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91DFFB4F0C4E592397CFF43" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[415,564,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F0C4E592397CFF43" box="[415,564,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E91DFFABF19CE44F3A70FC3A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE44F3A5CFE30" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F19CE44F3AE3FEA6" bold="true" box="[199,427,258,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Description. Male (</emphasis>
|
||
n=10). Body length 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91DFFB4F3E0E44E385AFEA7" box="[699,786,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91DFFB4F282E44E3F78FEA7" box="[985,1072,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wing hyaline with weak pattern as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F189E46A3A61FEFB" box="[210,297,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
, when on slide, seen best under semi-dark field. Pale brown with darker vittae. Legs with faint pattern of dark femora and ‘knee’, tibiae pale until apex, and darker on distal tarsomeres (as with wing, best seen under dark field).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE4DE3F54FE17" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" box="[199,1052,403,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Antenna. With 13 flagellomeres; Fl
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F308E4E83939FE09" attach="left" box="[595,625,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1-12</subScript>
|
||
, 380–410, Fl
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F25DE4E8385EFE09" attach="left" box="[774,790,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">13</subScript>
|
||
340–370. A.R. 0.9–1.1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE4FA3FEEFDA3" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Head. Eye bare, with dorsomedial parallel-sided extension 5–6 ommatidia long, separated medially by c. 10 ommatidia. Temporals 5–10 uniserial; clypeals 8–12. Frontal tubercles absent. Palp 5-segmented, segment 2 globular, segments 3, 4 and 5 quite similar in length, variably contracted; segment 3 lacks sensilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE76E3990FD13" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F070E76E3ACFFD87" box="[299,391,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antepronotal lobes taper dorsally, medially slightly divided at notch, without lateral antepronotal setae. Scutum, smoothly curved in profile without tubercle, not overreaching antepronotum. Ac c. 6 –14 uni-biserial starting from front, ending mid-thorax; 8–15 uniserial Dc each arising from pale spot; Pa 3; Scts 5–9 uniserial or if>6, with
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91DFFB4F0C1E7C23A8DFD13" box="[410,453,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
more posterior position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE7FE3A8DFCE7" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F04EE7FE3A39FD77" box="[277,369,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Membrane with neither setae nor microtrichia. Consistently patterned with faint pale brown clouds in mid cell r
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F037E7A43ACEFD4D" attach="left" box="[364,390,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, mid and subapical in m
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F3CEE7A439FCFD4D" attach="both" box="[661,692,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1+2,</subScript>
|
||
mid m
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F3A5E7A43855FD4D" attach="both" box="[766,797,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3+4,</subScript>
|
||
distal cu and bordering An vein. Anal lobe shallow.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3934B5D0E91DFFB4F407E79A3ED4FD4B" box="[1372,1436,727,753]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
ends at apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F03BE6403A32FCA1" attach="left" box="[352,378,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4+5</subScript>
|
||
just proximal to wing apex. R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F38DE64039A7FCA1" attach="left" box="[726,751,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2+3</subScript>
|
||
distinct, ending midway between apices of R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F5A3E6403E48FCA1" attach="left" box="[1272,1280,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F412E6403E20FCA1" attach="left" box="[1353,1384,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4+5’</subScript>
|
||
FCu distal to RM, VR 1.2–1.3. Anal vein distinct with associated darkening. Brachiolum with 2 setae. R setose (9–11), R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F1F1E6183BFEFCD9" attach="left" box="[170,182,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1,</subScript>
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F196E6183BAFFCD9" attach="left" box="[205,231,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4+5</subScript>
|
||
bare. Squama bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE62A38FCFC57" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Leg. Apex of fore tibia with rounded scale, without spur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F235E62A3883FC3B" box="[878,971,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mid and hind tibiae apically with two slightly separated combs, combined occupying about 60% circumference, each comb with short straight spur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F434E6C63BF2FC73" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg ratios: LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F021E68C3ACAFC75" attach="left" box="[378,386,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
1.14–1.31, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F36FE68C3974FC75" attach="left" box="[564,572,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
1.74–1.82, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F3B0E68C39BBFC75" attach="left" box="[747,755,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
1.62–1.82; LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F2F8E68C38E3FC75" attach="left" box="[931,939,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
0.52–0.58, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F506E68C3F2DFC75" attach="left" box="[1117,1125,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
3.4–3.7, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F5A3E68C3E48FC75" attach="left" box="[1272,1280,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
3.5–4.1; LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F4CFE68C3ED4FC75" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
0.63–0.68, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F067E6A83A0CFC49" attach="left" box="[316,324,997,1011]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
2.7–2.8, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F08AE6A83A91FC49" attach="left" box="[465,473,997,1011]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
2.8–3.1. Pulvilli absent, empodium small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE6BA385DFBAB" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" box="[199,789,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Abdomen. Tergites I–VII with sparse irregular setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE1563E47FAC3" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Hypopygium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F030E1563AE4FB8F" box="[363,428,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
H–K). Anal tergite with bands delineating 6-8 median anal tergal setae, band petering out prior to base of anal point, microtrichiose to near anal point origin, tergite IX with submarginal short and longer setae. Gonocoxite 60–65 long; gonostylus 70–75 with straight inner margin tapering to rounded apex, strongly microtrichiose and conventionally setose. Anal point relatively short (30–32), bare, near parallel-sided to slightly broadened in mid-section, with rounded apex. Superior volsella 50–52 long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F55DE1E63F00FB7F" box="[1030,1096,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
H–J), swollen digitiform with downcurved (ventrally-directed) apex, on dorsal surface with 3 linear aligned setae close to base, without more distal setae; ventrally with setose lobe without microtrichia. Median volsella 35–38 long with short stem (10–12), distally with> 10 taeniate setae tightly clustered, curving to terminate posteriorly-directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F568E05A3FC3FA8B" box="[1075,1163,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inferior volsella 50–55 long, free from gonocoxite from base, microtrichiose and with long simple setae mostly orientated antero-medially, lacking distinct apical seta. Transverse sternapodeme dark, square-arch shaped, phallapodeme narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE0CE3FF9FA24" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" box="[199,1201,1411,1438]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F19CE0CE3A56FA27" bold="true" box="[199,286,1411,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n=2) (teneral, some partially dissected from pupa, allowing limited description).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE0EA3E59F9EB" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
As male, except: Antenna: 55–78, 40–55, 50–75, 40–55, 82–101; A.R. 0.38–0.40. Temporals 15-17, clypeals 15–18. Palpomeres: 50,134,140,170. Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F3C3E08639A5FA5F" box="[664,749,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1487]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) more setose than male; Ac 10–12, Dc 18–19 with
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91DFFB4F471E0873E38FA5F" box="[1322,1392,1482,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
|
||
humeral area, each arising from small pale spot; Pa 3; Scts 13–16. Wing crumpled, teneral, seemingly as in illustrated male, with pigmentation no stronger; setation: R 15–16, R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F27CE3683867F989" attach="left" box="[807,815,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
8–12 and R
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F2E2E368389BF989" attach="left" box="[953,979,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4+5</subScript>
|
||
18–20. Legs (n=1): LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F585E3683FAEF989" attach="left" box="[1246,1254,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
0.60, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F40EE3683E15F989" attach="left" box="[1365,1373,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
1.85, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F1E0E3043B8BF9ED" attach="left" box="[187,195,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">1</subScript>
|
||
1.88; LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F075E3043A7EF9ED" attach="left" box="[302,310,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
0.51, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F0F8E3043AE3F9ED" attach="left" box="[419,427,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
2.26, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F34EE3043955F9ED" attach="left" box="[533,541,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
4.14; LR
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F3DCE30439C7F9ED" attach="left" box="[647,655,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
0.59, BV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F3A7E304384CF9ED" attach="left" box="[764,772,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
2.8, SV
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F23BE3043820F9ED" attach="left" box="[864,872,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
3.2. Pulvilli absent, empodium weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE31638B6F907" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Genitalia as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E91DFFB4F028E3163954F9CF" author="Saether, O A" box="[371,540,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref13319" refString="Saether, O A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Ovoid seminal capsules (110–140 x 75–100) are located more caudal in abdomen with relatively straight seminal ducts abruptly narrowed and connecting immediately prior to common opening. GpVIII comprises only modest dorsomesal lobe. Cerci squat, 75 x 75-80.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE38A38F7F8BF" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91DFFB4F19CE38A3A45F95B" bold="true" box="[199,269,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized, ca
|
||
<quantity id="3C08D6D7E91DFFB4F0BAE38B392FF95B" box="[481,615,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Thorax and cephalic area golden brown, abdomen pale hyaline with little indication of darker apophyses; comb and anal lobe golden-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91DFFB4F19CE2423ECCF867" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">
|
||
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome smooth without cephalic tubercles or frontal warts; frontal setae (55–60 μm) arising direct from frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F0EFE27E3946F8F7" box="[436,526,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thoracic horn with apically bluntly-spinose, basal branch (c. 120 μm long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91DFFB4F434E27E3BF2F8CB" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
), divided into 5–6 intertwined hyaline branches; basal ring small, oval and with small tracheal ‘bundle ‘. Anterior thorax and median suture rugulose with small tubercular scales, strongest at mid-scutum. Prealar tubercle absent. Antepronotum with 1 median, 1 lateral setae; 2 precorneals; dorsocentrals (Dc) each c. 25–35 μm long with Dc1 and Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F1E3E2983B88F859" attach="left" box="[184,192,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">2</subScript>
|
||
, near contiguous to each other and well separated (200 μm) from the also near adjoining paired Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F44DE2983E56F859" attach="left" box="[1302,1310,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">3</subScript>
|
||
and Dc
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91DFFB4F42EE2983E35F859" attach="left" box="[1397,1405,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">4</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE91CFFB5F1CCE0AA3FF2F9FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411098/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" startId="15.[151,250,1511,1535]" targetBox="[162,1428,190,1474]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91CFFB5F1CCE0AA3FF2F9FD" blockId="15.[151,1436,1511,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91CFFB5F1CCE0AA3A5DFA45" bold="true" box="[151,277,1511,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E91CFFB5F046E0AA3944FA45" authority="Cranston, 2020" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[285,524,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91CFFB5F046E0AA3944FA45" box="[285,524,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E91CFFB5F34FE0AA3907FA45" bold="true" box="[532,591,1511,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2B71A5BE91CFFB5F34FE0AA3907FA45" box="[532,591,1511,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male (except B). A. Wing; B. Thorax lateral (♀), C. Thorax lateral (♂); D. Foretibial apex; E. Inner spur and comb of hind tibia; F. Hypopygium, left side hypopygium, dorsal view; G. ventral view, right side (stylised); H–J. Superior volsella: H, dorsal, I. ventral, J. dorso-lateral view of apex; K. Median volsella.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E91CFFAAF19CE33838C4FF6F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1653,2040]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E91CFFB5F013E3383AECF935" box="[328,420,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite I bare, II–VI each with extensive subquadrate spinule patch, not differentiated into transverse bands of stronger anterior or posterior spinules; pleurae bare except for small posterolateral area of fine spinules on V. Tergites VII–VIII with small patches anterolateral spinules, anal segment bare. Tergite II hook row continuous, comprising 20–25 hooks, 35–46% width of segment II. Narrow transverse bands of spinules on conjunctives of III and IV. Vortex only on IV. Only sternal armament a small patch of fine spinules of max. length 6 μm, near base of L
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91CFFB5F026E2713ACDF8F0" attach="left" box="[381,389,1852,1866]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">4</subScript>
|
||
on V. Pedes spurii B strongly developed only on segment II. Posterolateral corner of segment VIII (‘comb’) with golden-brown teeth, posteriormost tooth dominant, with 2–3 shorter, curved pointed teeth (Fig, 9D). Apophyses weak / indistinct. Segment I with 3D, 1V and 1L setae; II with 4D, 3V and 3L; III with 5D, 4V and 3L; IV with 5D, 4V and 3L setae of which L
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91CFFB5F3C9E2E539D2F80C" attach="left" box="[658,666,1960,1974]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">1</subScript>
|
||
and L
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91CFFB5F3B8E2E539A3F80C" attach="left" box="[739,747,1960,1974]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">3</subScript>
|
||
taeniate (LS), V with 5D, 4V and 3LS, VI, VII with 5D, 4V, 4LS unevenly spaced, L
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91CFFB5F0F8E2813A8FF860" attach="left" box="[419,455,1996,2010]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">1 & 2</subScript>
|
||
well separated from approximated posteriorly located LS
|
||
<subScript id="67747977E91CFFB5F513E2813F24F860" attach="left" box="[1096,1132,1996,2010]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">3 & 4</subScript>
|
||
. VIII with 1D, 1V and 4LS evenly spaced in posterior 2/3 segment. ‘O’ setae very fine, definitely on TII–VIII, uncertain / absent on sternites. Anal lobe elongates semicircular with uniseriate fringe of 19-30 long taeniae, with fine, slender 25–30 long, dorsal seta. Genital sac of male extends beyond anal lobes, female shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE903FFAAF1CCE2103F97F823" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" startId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" targetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E903FFAAF1CCE2103F97F823" blockId="16.[151,1436,1885,1945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E903FFAAF1CCE2103A5BF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1885,1909]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E903FFAAF042E210394FF8CF" authority="Cranston, 2020" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,519,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E903FFAAF042E210394FF8CF" box="[281,519,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E903FFAAF356E210390EF8CF" bold="true" box="[525,582,1885,1909]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2B71A5BE903FFAAF356E210390EF8CF" box="[525,582,1885,1909]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE5DB3819FEA7" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF19CE5DB3A58FF0A" bold="true" box="[199,272,150,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n=2). As generic diagnoses with specific and mensural characters as follows: Body colour, length and morphology unknown (only exuviae); head length 500μm, postmentum length 180. Head capsule pale yellow with darker yellow to brown teeth of the dorsomentum, inner mandible and premandible. Genae / postmentum pale; occipital margin narrow, darker yellow-brown than postmentum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE46B399EFE33" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF06DE46B3AD9FEFA" box="[310,401,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Figs 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF0C6E46B3A99FEFA" box="[413,465,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,491,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[168,1419,489,1789]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). 6-segmented, lengths 52–55, 20–24, 12–15, 7–8, 4–5, 3–4; A.R. 1.2-1.3. Lauterborn organs well developed on pedestal in mid-2nd and sessile on apex of 3rd segment. Style subapical on 3rd segment. Blade 56, extending slightly beyond antennal apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE4DF3F4BFE4E" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF074E4DF3ACFFE16" box="[303,391,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Figs 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF0C8E4DF3A8FFE16" box="[403,455,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,491,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[168,1419,489,1789]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). SI and SII setae plumose, SI on common base, not fused. Labral lamellae c. 20 evensized spines on single plate. Pecten epipharyngis 3 simple lobes. Chaetulae of ungula short, squat, not differentiated into laterales and basales. Premandible with 2 teeth, beard of stubbly spinules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE4B338F2FD86" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF01AE4B33AD6FDA2" box="[321,414,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Figs 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF0F1E4B33A91FDA2" box="[426,473,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,491,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[168,1419,489,1789]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
) 70–90, with pale dorsal tooth, larger darker triangular apical tooth and 2 darker inner teeth; darkened distal mola rounded. Seta subdentalis 12, slender, short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE70A396FFD4A" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF06FE70B3AD8FDDA" box="[308,400,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,250,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-48@16.[151,1436,237,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Pupa. A-D: A. Cephalic area; B. base of thoracic horn; C. Abdomen; D. Posterior of VIII (‘comb’). Larva: E. Antenna; F. Labrum-epipharynx; G. Mandible; H. Mentum and ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Figs 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63CB67B7E902FFABF0C0E70B3AA5FDDA" box="[411,493,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,491,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[168,1419,489,1789]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratendipes sinespina sp. n. Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventromentum delimited, comprising 8 teeth; pale median 4 subequal teeth flanked by 2 darker teeth, the inner smaller than next lateral tooth; 4 darker dorsomental teeth each diminishing slightly in size laterad. Ventromental plate fan-shaped with micro-crenulate anterior margin, internally with 5–6 broad coarse striae restricted to the lateral 3/4 of plate, each terminating anteriorly in a prominent triangular spine, associated with one crenulation of the plate margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE7B73A70FC3A" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Abdomen (n=1, exuviae), with small pale (almost hyaline) simple parapod claws. Body setae 24–30 long, simple. Procercus minute, squat, 5 high x 10 wide, bearing 6 apical setae of length 300–350; 2 procercal setae displaced to cuticle a short distance from procercus, 110–130 long. Posterior parapod c. 350–400 long, with anal seta 110–130 long.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3EA28B9E902FFA9F19CE6C7397CFEFB" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE6C73AB0FAB7" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF19CE6C73A07FC1E" bold="true" box="[199,335,906,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The associated larva and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF380E6C738ABFC1E" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[731,995,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF380E6C738ABFC1E" box="[731,995,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conform substantially to the Holarctic diagnoses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF071E6E33955FC72" author="Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F." box="[298,541,942,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="293 - 435" refId="ref13165" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1983) The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement, 19, 293 - 435." type="journal article" year="1983">Pinder & Reiss (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, larva, 1986, pupa) including after expansion by recognition of the life stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF1CCE69F386FFC56" authority="Townes (Epler & Ferrington 1994)" authorityName="Townes (Epler & Ferrington" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,807,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF1CCE69F3ADEFC56" box="[151,406,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes basidens</emphasis>
|
||
Townes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF358E69F3856FC56" author="Epler, J. H. & Ferrington, L. C. Jr." box="[515,798,978,1004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="311 - 317" refId="ref12437" refString="Epler, J. H. & Ferrington, L. C. Jr. (1994) The immature Stages of Paratendipes basidens Townes (Chironominae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 67, 311 - 317." type="journal article" year="1994">Epler & Ferrington 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF205E69F3ED5FC57" authority="Meigen (Biro & Klink 2005)" authorityName="Meigen (Biro & Klink" authorityYear="2005" box="[862,1437,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF205E69F3F05FC56" box="[862,1101,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes nubilus</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF5E0E69F3EDDFC57" author="Biro, K. & Klink, A." box="[1211,1429,978,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="181 - 185" refId="ref11867" refString="Biro, K. & Klink, A. (2005) Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Hungary 3. The pupa of Paratendipes nubilus (Meigen). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 51, 181 - 185." type="journal article" year="2005">Biro & Klink 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as incorporated into
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF0DFE6BB3911FBAA" author="Epler, J. H. & Ekrem, T. & Cranston, P. S." box="[388,601,1014,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="387 - 556" refId="ref12479" refString="Epler, J. H., Ekrem, T. & Cranston, P. S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. & Epler, J. H. (Eds.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region: Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Insect Systematics and Evolution Supplements, 66, pp. 387 - 556." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Epler
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF091E6BA3AB6FBAA" box="[458,510,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for larvae. The flat foretibial apex lacking any spine in both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF4D3E6BA3A49FB8E" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF4D3E6BA3A49FB8E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears significant. Never-the-less,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF3F9E1573F55FB8F" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" box="[674,1053,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF3F9E15738FAFB8E" box="[674,946,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Batu Caves,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E902FFABF5A3E1573E29FB8E" box="[1272,1377,1050,1076]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also has a simple apex on the foretibia, and here
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF3C9E1733811FBE3" author="Freeman, P." box="[658,857,1086,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="129 - 131" refId="ref12700" refString="Freeman, P. (1962) Chironomidae from the Batu Caves (Diptera: Nematocera). Pacific Insects, 4, 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1962">Freeman’s (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comments are relevant “Even though the presence of this spur is an important character of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF389E12E380CFBC6" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" box="[722,836,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF389E12E380CFBC6" box="[722,836,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles other species so closely in hypopygial and thoracic structure that I have not thought it wise to place it in a new genus. The African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF52CE1CA3ED4FB1B" authority="Freeman [1957]" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1957" box="[1143,1436,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seydeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF52CE1CA3FA9FB1A" box="[1143,1249,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. seydeli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF5B3E1CA3ED4FB1B" author="Freeman, P." box="[1256,1436,1158,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="323 - 426" refId="ref12572" refString="Freeman, P. (1957) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 5, 323 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1515" type="journal article" year="1957">Freeman [1957]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks this spur, but that is not such an otherwise typical species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF2F0E1E63F55FB7E" authority="(Freeman 1962: p.131)" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityPageNumber="131" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[939,1053,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF2F0E1E63F55FB7E" box="[939,1053,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF56CE1E73F95FB7E" author="Freeman, P." box="[1079,1245,1194,1220]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="129 - 131" refId="ref12700" refString="Freeman, P. (1962) Chironomidae from the Batu Caves (Diptera: Nematocera). Pacific Insects, 4, 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1962">Freeman 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p.131). With the allocation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF071E1823ADBFB52" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1957" box="[298,403,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seydeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF071E1823ADBFB52" box="[298,403,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. seydeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the recently described
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF3EBE183380AFB52" box="[688,834,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paraskusella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF212E1833F4AFB52" author="Cranston, P. S." box="[841,1026,1230,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="268 - 281" refId="ref12157" refString="Cranston, P. S. (2018) Paraskusella Cranston, a new Afro-Australian genus in the tribe Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae). Austral Entomology, 50, 268 - 281. [VoR. 15 October 2018] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12366" type="journal article" year="2018">Cranston (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we can see that Freeman also surely was correct about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF03FE1BE3AB9FAB6" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" box="[356,497,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF03FE1BE3AB9FAB6" box="[356,497,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFABF19CE05B397CFA7A" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
The immature stages and male genitalia locate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF38DE05A3813FA8A" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[726,859,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF38DE05A3813FA8A" box="[726,859,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF2EBE05B3F0DFA8A" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[944,1093,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF2EBE05B3F0DFA8A" box="[944,1093,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as with Malaysian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF47DE05A3A6DFAEF" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF47DE05A3BF0FAEE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, albeit both as slightly atypical species. Essentially the expansion needed for the generic diagnosis is inclusion of the flat apex on the foretibia without a spine in both sexes of the adult, and the unusual distribution of taeniate L setae on abdominal segments IV and V, seen otherwise only in modified form in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF5FCE0CE3E01FA26" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1191,1353,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaequalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF5FCE0CE3E01FA26" box="[1191,1353,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. subaequalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unidentified species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E902FFABF0E0E0EB3978FA7A" box="[443,560,1446,1472]" name="Singapore" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E902FFA8F19CE0863E44FEFB" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
For reasons given above, the Australian species is treated as an endemic and new to science. However, northern Australian tropical species of several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF360E0A33982F9B2" box="[571,714,1518,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed also in Asia and extra-limital taxa need consideration. Excepting the plain winged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF34FE35E39E9F996" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1962" box="[532,673,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF34FE35E39E9F996" box="[532,673,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, none elsewhere are reported to lack the fore-tibial spine. Disregarding this, amongst species with bare squama and tapering anal point (the
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF288E37B3F14F9EA" box="[979,1116,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">nudisquama</emphasis>
|
||
group), the wing patterning resembles two others, namely the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF32AE3163885F9CE" authority="Kieffer 1916" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1916" box="[625,973,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF32AE3163867F9CE" box="[625,815,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. nigrofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF261E3173885F9CE" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[826,973,1626,1652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref12964" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1916) Tendipes (Chironomides) de Formose conserves au Museum National Hongrois de Budapest et determines par J. J. Kieffer. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, 14, 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1916">Kieffer 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF284E3173E0BF9CE" author="Yamamoto, M. & Yamamoto, N." box="[991,1347,1626,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref13575" refString="Yamamoto, M. & Yamamoto, N. (2012) A review of Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Yaeyama Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 2, 45 - 54." type="journal article" year="2012">Yamamoto & Yamamoto 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF4D3E3163A82F923" authority="Freeman 1957" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubilipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF4D3E3163A69F922" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. nubilipennis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF072E3323A82F923" author="Freeman, P." box="[297,458,1662,1689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="323 - 426" refId="ref12572" refString="Freeman, P. (1957) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 5, 323 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1515" type="journal article" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E902FFABF3D0E3333854F922" box="[651,796,1662,1688]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cranston 1989). Neither species agrees exactly with the leg and/ or wing pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF08EE3EE3914F906" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[469,604,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF08EE3EE3914F906" box="[469,604,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although pigmentation is weak and the pattern must be determined on a microscope slide with slightly ‘out of phase’ optics, or ‘pseudo-dark’ field. Pale pigmentation may be consequence of rapid development in warm tropical waters as seen in other tropical taxa such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF577E3A73978F892" authority="Sublette & Sublette (Tang & Cranston 2019)" authorityName="Sublette & Sublette (Tang & Cranston" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johannseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF577E3A73E73F8BE" box="[1068,1339,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Polypedilum johannseni</emphasis>
|
||
Sublette & Sublette (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF07BE2433960F892" author="Tang, H. & Cranston, P. S." box="[288,552,1806,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="102 - 118" refId="ref13411" refString="Tang, H. & Cranston, P. S. (2019) A phytophagous Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) new to Australia and Japan: taxonomy and expanded Asian distribution. Austral Entomology, 59, 102 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12428" type="journal article" year="2019">Tang & Cranston 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The median volsella of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF21DE2423884F892" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[838,972,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF21DE2423884F892" box="[838,972,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all illustrated male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF1E3E27F3A05F8F6" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[184,333,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF1E3E27F3A05F8F6" box="[184,333,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being ‘bushier’ with dense taeniae significantly overlapping with those opposite then curved to orientate and terminate more distally. The superior volsella with a ventral setose lobe also may differ, but existing illustrations are inconsistent regarding this feature. The distribution of taeniate lateral setae on the pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF411E2363B9CF802" authority="Cranston, 2020" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF411E2363B9CF802" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF180E2D33A53F802" bold="true" box="[219,283,1950,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2B71A5BE902FFABF180E2D33A53F802" box="[219,283,1950,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
might be unique in the genus but this cannot be verified due to the paucity of published evidence from rearings, especially lacking in Chinese material (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E902FFABF3B9E28F3836F866" author="Qi, X. & Shi, S. - D. & Wang, X. - H." box="[738,894,1986,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref13356" refString="Qi, X., Shi, S. - D. & Wang, X. - H. (2009) A review of Paratendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects, 31, 63 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420802610205" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Qi
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF25FE28E387CF866" box="[772,820,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larva is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E902FFABF5CBE28F3E6DF866" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1168,1317,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E902FFABF5CBE28F3E6DF866" box="[1168,1317,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including with the proximal Lauterborn organ pedicellate, originating prior to the apex of the segment, rather than sessile on the apex as the distal. This pedicellate proximal Lauterborn organ occurs in several larvae allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F45BE5F63EDDFF6F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1280,1429,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F45BE5F63EDDFF6F" box="[1280,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although on a very short segment it is nearer the apex. This structure seems not to occur in other genera with alternate Lauterborn organs on a 6 segmented antenna. This condition needs to be examined at oil immersion magnification, with phase contrast to allow interpretation: illustrations may not represent accurate observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E901FFA8F19CE4063A73FE6B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F19CE4063A86FEDE" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,462,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F19CE4063A86FEDE" box="[199,462,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the northern monsoonal seasonal tropics associated with sandy-bedded but perennial creeks. Although a suite of congeners from more temperate
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83E73BA2E901FFA8F286E4223F0CFE33" box="[989,1092,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are yet to be differentiated,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F4D3E4223A49FE16" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F4D3E4223A49FE16" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">P. sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dominant Australian tropical species of the genus, but larvae are rare in contrast to the abundant pupal exuviae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF8F2BBAE901FFA8F1CCE2593ABCF8EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411102/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" startId="18.[151,250,1812,1836]" targetBox="[170,1419,491,1787]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E901FFA8F1CCE2593ABCF8EA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1812,1872]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F1CCE2593A68F896" bold="true" box="[151,288,1812,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F07DE259395CF896" authority="Cranston, 2020" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,532,1812,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinespina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F07DE259395CF896" box="[294,532,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Paratendipes sinespina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F341E259391CF896" bold="true" box="[538,596,1812,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2B71A5BE901FFA8F341E259391CF896" box="[538,596,1812,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larva. A. Antenna (inset, apical segments); B. Mentum; C. Ventromental plate; D. Labrum-epipharynx; E. Mandible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB4F7B32E901FFA9F19CE233397CFEFB" blockId="18.[151,1436,1918,2017]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F19CE2333A04F822" bold="true" box="[199,332,1918,1944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Detailed examination of the morphology of all life stages of the monotypic genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F44BE2323ED4F822" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1296,1436,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parvitergum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F44BE2323ED4F822" box="[1296,1436,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Parvitergum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F192E2EF3A20F806" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[201,360,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F192E2EF3A20F806" box="[201,360,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Paraborniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows both similarity and distinction from each other, and each from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E901FFA8F5C1E2EF3E67F806" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1178,1327,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E901FFA8F5C1E2EF3E67F806" box="[1178,1327,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="545">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nothing refutes the molecular evidence, albeit derived from limited taxon sampling. The morphology of these genera support the current status and any synonymy would be premature without global study inclusive of all taxa related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E900FFA9F1CCE5F63A64FF6F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,300,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paratendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E900FFA9F1CCE5F63A64FF6F" box="[151,300,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="546">Paratendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E900FFA9F08EE5F63922FF6E" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[469,618,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Imparipecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E900FFA9F08EE5F63922FF6E" box="[469,618,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="546">Imparipecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF000B1E900FFA9F3B6E5F63834FF6F" box="[749,892,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
described on the adult by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E900FFA9F5FDE5F63E15FF6C" author="Freeman, P." box="[1190,1373,187,214]" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" pagination="611 - 737" refId="ref12666" refString="Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611" type="journal article" year="1961">Freeman (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, after remaining monotypic for over 50 years, has larvae in south-east Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E900FFA9F2FEE5923FC3FF43" author="Cranston, P. S. & Hardy, N. B. & Morse, G. E." box="[933,1163,223,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" pagination="172 - 188" refId="ref12369" refString="Cranston, P. S., Hardy, N. B. & Morse, G. E. (2011) [2012] A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, 37, 172 - 188. [VoR 20 October 2011] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00603. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E900FFA9F548E5923F0CFF43" box="[1043,1092,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="546">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and recently was found in South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6106C3E900FFA9F030E44E397EFEA7" author="Fusari, L. & Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. & Andrade-Souza, V. & Lima, K. A. & Silva, J. G." box="[363,566,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="546" pagination="396 - 406" refId="ref12727" refString="Fusari, L., Dantas, G. P. S., Hamada, N., Andrade-Souza, V., Lima, K. A. & Silva, J. G. (2018) Not endemic after all: Imparipecten Freeman, 1961 (Diptera: Chironomidae) described from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 396 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4532.3.5" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Fusari
|
||
<emphasis id="C984A720E900FFA9F0E1E44E3AA3FEA7" box="[442,491,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="546">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fears of taxonomic redundancy inherent in description of monotypic higher taxa are tempered by such examples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |