188 lines
20 KiB
XML
188 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7500C9C814F4C9FDAE94B6C21889554E">Caviidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9171D026C84C4C68C635ABA3118CD44">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B3E1598FD59282078FA5CC3D1576287">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0502B62AEBBBD17F7582F500CAAF9B39">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="333BA9FB134B6E8C49402781E5EF800B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472041F30E5A8BB7A6" blockId="6.[1402,2304,3241,3368]" box="[1407,1461,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<figureCitation id="136D2A54FFB753472041F30E5A8BB7A6" box="[1407,1461,3241,3287]" captionStart="Plate 25: Caviidae" captionStartId="2.[103,133,3334,3355]" captionTargetBox="[12,2735,14,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Brazilian Guinea Pig (Cavia aperea), 2. Montane Guinea Pig (Cavia tschudu), 3. Shiny Guinea Pig (Cavia fulgida), 4. Sacha Guinea Pig (Cavia patzelti), 5. Greater Guinea Pig (Cavia magna), 6. Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig (Cavia intermedia), 7. Southern Mountain Cavy (Microcavia australis), 8. Northern Mountain Cavy (Mucrocavia miata), 9. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy (Microcavia shiptoni), 10. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea spixu), 11. Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea flavidens), 12. Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea musteloides), 13. Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea comes), 14. Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea leucoblephara), 15. Greater Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 16. Lesser Capybara (Hydrochoerus isthmius), 17. Rock Cavy (Kerodon rupestris), 18. Acrobatic Cavy (Kerodon acrobata), 19. Patagonian Mara (Dolichotis patagonum), 20. Chacoan Mara (Dolichotis salinicola)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585570/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">19.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB7534720F9F30E5810B7A6" box="[1479,1838,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB7534720F9F30E5810B7A6" blockId="6.[1402,2304,3241,3368]" box="[1479,1838,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB7534720F9F30E5810B7A6" box="[1479,1838,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB7534720F9F30E5810B7A6" box="[1479,1838,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Patagonian Mara</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB75347224EF30E57C1B7A6" box="[1904,2303,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB75347224EF30E57C1B7A6" blockId="6.[1402,2304,3241,3368]" box="[1904,2303,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB75347224EF30E57C1B7A6" box="[1904,2303,3241,3287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB75347224EF30E57C1B7A6" ID-CoL="377CX" baseAuthorityName="Zimmermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[1904,2303,3241,3287]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Dolichotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonum">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB75347224EF30E57C1B7A6" box="[1904,2303,3241,3287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Dolichotis patagonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB753472045F34F573AB654" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472045F34F57CEB78C" blockId="6.[1402,2304,3241,3368]" box="[1403,2288,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB753472045F34F57CEB78C" box="[1403,2288,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB753472045F34F5AFBB78C" bold="true" box="[1403,1477,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB7534720F1F34F59B8B78C" box="[1487,1670,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Mara de Patagonie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB7534723A4F34F59CDB78C" bold="true" box="[1690,1779,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB7534723C2F34F58FDB78C" box="[1788,1987,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Grof3er Pampashase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB7534722E9F34F570FB78C" bold="true" box="[2007,2097,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB753472D05F34F57CEB78C" box="[2107,2288,3304,3325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Mara de Patagonia</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472045F2B7573AB654" blockId="6.[1402,2304,3241,3368]" box="[1403,2052,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB753472045F2B7573AB654" box="[1403,2052,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB753472045F2B75950B654" bold="true" box="[1403,1646,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB753472349F2B75996B654" box="[1655,1704,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Mara</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB753472389F2B75869B654" box="[1719,1879,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Patagonian Cavy</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB75347225BF2B7573AB654" box="[1893,2052,3344,3365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Patagonian Hare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB753472045F2F55710B602" box="[1403,2094,3410,3443]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472045F2F55710B602" blockId="6.[1401,2608,3410,3490]" box="[1403,2094,3410,3443]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB753472045F2F55928B602" bold="true" box="[1403,1558,3410,3443]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB75347231AF2F55717B602" authority="Zimmermann, 1780" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" box="[1572,2089,3410,3443]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patagonum">Cavia patagonum Zimmermann, 1780</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB753472D07F2F55723B6EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472D07F2F55723B6EA" blockId="6.[1401,2608,3410,3490]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFB753472D07F2F55726B6EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3784487315" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">type locality not given. Identified by G. H. H. Tate in 1935 as “Patagonia,” Argentina</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462623FE8E5BEFBA3B" box="[797,1233,297,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462623FE8E5BEFBA3B" blockId="7.[796,1387,297,724]" box="[797,1233,297,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Two subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462623FEF75A56B98D" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF296659FFB653462623FEF75A56B98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585562/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" targetBox="[182,773,308,722]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462623FEF75B93BA00" blockId="7.[796,1387,297,724]" box="[797,1197,336,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462623FEF75B93BA00" bold="true" box="[797,1197,336,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462623FED05C8EB9DC" blockId="7.[796,1387,297,724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB653462623FED05C8EB9DC" authority="Zimmermann, 1780" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" baseAuthorityName="Zimmermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Dolichotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="patagonum" subSpecies="patagonum">D.p.patagonumZimmermann,1780—C&SArgentina,fromCBuenosAiresWtoCordoba,SanLuis,andMendozaprovinces,andStoSantaCruzProvince.AlthoughtherearenodefinitiverecordsthissubspeciesispossiblypresentinSChile(AysénRegion)inborderareaswithArgentina.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462623FD145A56B98D" blockId="7.[796,1387,297,724]" lastBlockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB653462623FD145B95B9A5" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[797,1195,691,724]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Dolichotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="patagonum" subSpecies="centricola">D. p. centricola Thomas, 1902</taxonomicName>
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— NW Argentina, in S Catamarca, E La Rioja, SW Santiago del Estero, and NW Cordoba provinces.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462588FCAD5E01BF49" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462588FCAD5E01BF49" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462588FCAD5E8EB852" bold="true" box="[182,432,778,803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 600-800 mm, tail averages 25-40 mm, ear 90-103 mm, hindfoot 130-160 mm; weigh 7-9 kg. Greatest lengths of skull are 125-135 mm. The Patagonian
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB65346245EFCF25E99B803" box="[352,423,853,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Mara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mara</taxonomicName>
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is the larger of the two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB6534626B3FCF25B34B803" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1820" box="[909,1034,853,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Dolichotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dolichotis</taxonomicName>
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. Both species are agoutigray dorsally and have whitish venter and flanks. Rump of the Patagonian
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB6534621D7FCDF5A0EB8E8" box="[1257,1328,888,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Mara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mara</taxonomicName>
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has a very distinct white patch, separated from dorsum by a dark line, making the patch very prominent. Flanks, cheeks, chin, and chest are orange-brown. Head and ears are large for the body, which combined with elongated limbs gives maras a hare-like appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462589FB9A5EA8BFF7" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462589FB9A5EA8BFF7" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462589FB9A5E18BF2F" bold="true" box="[183,294,1085,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety of open habitats, including grasslands, shrublands, and other semiarid open areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462589FB2C5B1DBF8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462589FB2C5B1DBF8D" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462589FB2C5E84BFDD" bold="true" box="[183,442,1163,1196]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Patagonian Maras are herbivorous and feed preferentially on grasses, but they also eat a variety of shrubs and forbs. Recent research shows that grasses are selected even when abundances of other plants are higher.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462589FAA15A24BE96" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462589FAA15A24BE96" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462589FAA15E00BE52" bold="true" box="[183,318,1286,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In Patagonia, reproduction occurs once a year, with average littersize of two young. Gestation is ¢.100 days. Young Patagonian Maras are highly precocial at birth, and females can reproduce at c¢.8 months of age. Females have four pairs of ventral mammae. Reproductive success is higher when Patagonia Maras use warrens in open grassy habitats than in more sheltered tall shrub habitats. Therefore, overgrazing by domestic livestock could cause a decline of maras throughout their distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462588FA495D76BD46" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462588FA495D76BD46" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462588FA495E9DBD7E" bold="true" box="[182,419,1518,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Patagonian Maras are diurnal and active all day, with peaks in early morning and late afternoon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462589F9E65BDEBC03" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462589F9E65BDEBC03" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462589F9E65C41BD2F" bold="true" box="[183,895,1601,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Patagonian Maras are among the few monogamous mammals, and adults
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB6534627D6F9CB5CBCBDF4" box="[744,898,1644,1669]" form="stable" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" rank="form">form stable</taxonomicName>
|
||
pair bonds. Pairs avoid each other, maintaining separation as they forage. During the breeding season, there is more social tolerance and multiple pairs will use a communal den or warren. Male Patagonian Maras remain actively vigilant. Survival of young is enhanced in large warrens. Home ranges are highly variable (33-198 ha) and average 98 ha. Home range size depends on density of forage resources. There is overlap in home ranges among pairs, and their locations drift throughout the year,likely in response to patterns of resource depletion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB653462587F8DB583CBA01" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB653462587F8DB583CBA01" blockId="7.[182,1388,731,1984]" lastBlockId="7.[1457,2662,299,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB653462587F8DB5D23BCE8" bold="true" box="[185,541,1916,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Patagonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB65346245EF8385E99BCB1" box="[352,423,1951,1984]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Mara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mara</taxonomicName>
|
||
has declined by ¢.30% over the past 10 years. Its widespread distribution has become increasingly fragmented by conversion of grasslands to pasture, and it is affected by hunting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB65346208DFED9555ABACE" pageId="7" pageNumber="438" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB65346208DFED9555ABACE" blockId="7.[1457,2662,299,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB65346208DFED9597BBAE6" bold="true" box="[1459,1605,382,407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="438">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Baldi (2007), Canevari & Vaccaro (2007), Dubost & Genest (1974), Dunnum (2015), Redford & Eisenberg (1992), Sombra & Mangione (2005), Taber & Macdonald (1992a, 1992b), Tate (1935), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |