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<document id="9D03522F85D69DA5D6ACF0BD78D3F47A" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.068.0313" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102963" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630157730549" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Opitz, Weston" docDate="2014" docId="03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A" docLanguage="en" docName="072.068.0313.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.068.0313" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Diutius pallidus Opitz, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="427" masterDocId="FFCAFFE693748872FFA6FF83FFEAFFD6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the New World Checkered Beetle GeneraAkonesisOpitz, New Genus, AntennosusOpitz, New Genus, CrusbatusOpitz, New Genus, andDiutiusOpitz, New Genus (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Peloniinae)" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="427" updateTime="1699623578197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="44485B6B972C6562FB692DD0F70DC1B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2B6B97B3290DEC86750418B67922F300">
<mods:title id="7D0E7F5AC8DD8338637249F248DE620F">Taxonomy of the New World Checkered Beetle GeneraAkonesisOpitz, New Genus, AntennosusOpitz, New Genus, CrusbatusOpitz, New Genus, andDiutiusOpitz, New Genus (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Peloniinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="91372A73727EA0F40CCC8154768536DF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B04869EC2A8C897B5C7F8090E0D49B05">
<mods:roleTerm id="9BE909AF9607622643880E7951932A25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0CAE707750EF4ED012A7C73EB78FBF43">Opitz, Weston</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A9870B22A5AB28B561AFEAF92AD2AE07">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DC21129FEF4884FC9948517854638E22" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4BD344DA60E90BD1BED0070C06E67E83">
<mods:title id="B6CD1A3324F69435B43CDBC051EA2D06">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5793DA64C6D513F5B8145B551DC1FEB6">
<mods:date id="02F3B4EAA254366E93F339D06A1C6BEF">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B114AA4CA3F75807922A3D829DE002DF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="324CA4E3FDDCB791056814DEF2E58A39">2014-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="66C098EC94EFE9F0E78F5377EC856D1F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6E1EE50AD28AFFB7D70506FAF445F093">68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EADF759536D857AA8444F213ABF3B1EC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A2EA5E418081CC467364807640F3952B">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="7D7EB70A7E78C5BCCFE2F48A10B6992E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1CC38A6CA8FEBD0EF2F5246E3A7DFF0A">411</mods:start>
<mods:end id="17718C506F29E82E271159504EE8D11F">428</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="254B2243BE831A55258C895729F81DA6">
<mods:url id="6786FECCAA905EF1C5683195287F27D0">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.068.0313</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="54493305425078DB54CE8AB1562969AC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B2D122C192113ABC20ACB05FE5988072" type="DOI">10.1649/072.068.0313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="83F638F48818A0CBC08498BD403803F4" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A9209314F309AF56D673662D3FCFD940" type="Zenodo-Dep">10102963</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF48FE32FDBBFE10" box="[238,593,433,454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF48FE32FDBBFE10" blockId="16.[237,595,433,481]" box="[238,593,433,454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<heading id="D0AD81E493648862FF48FE32FDBBFE10" box="[238,593,433,454]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF48FE32FDBBFE10" bold="true" box="[238,593,433,454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FF48FE32FE25FE10" authority="Opitz" authorityName="Opitz" box="[238,463,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Diutius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF48FE32FE66FE10" bold="true" box="[238,396,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Diutius pallidus</emphasis>
Opitz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57E193648862FE7AFE32FDBBFE10" box="[476,593,433,454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF4BFE4FFDB9FE37" box="[237,595,459,481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF4BFE4FFDB9FE37" blockId="16.[237,595,433,481]" box="[237,595,459,481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
(
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FF52FE4FFE52FE37" box="[244,440,460,481]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[197,238,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[174,1163,203,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-110@6.[172,1193,183,1363]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 30–42. Morphological structures. 30) Akonesis vittatis, pronotum; 31) Akonesis pictipennis, pronotum; 32) Diutus pallidus, pronotum; 33) Crusbatus spinosus, pronotum; 34) D. pallidus, antenna; 35) Diutus gallerucoides, antenna; 36) C. spinosus, antenna; 37) D. pallidus, tegmen; 38) D. pallidus, phallus; 39) C. spinosus, spicular fork; 40) C. spinosus, male, pygidium; 41) C. spinosus, tegmen; 42) C. spinosus, phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102969/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Figs. 32, 34, 37, 38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FE62FE4FFDE8FE37" box="[452,514,459,481]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[175,215,1137,1156]" captionTargetBox="[187,1148,186,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-215@7.[151,1172,183,1133]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 43–46. Diutus pallidus. 43) Alimentary canal; 44) Male mesodermal internal reproductive system; 45) Female mesodermal internal reproductive system; 46) Brain and ventral nerve cord." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102971/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">43–46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FDA8FE4FFDC2FE37" box="[526,552,460,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[197,229,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,189,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[173,1194,189,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 59. Distribution of Diutus gallerucoides, Diutus pallidus, Akonesis pictipennis, and Akonesis vittatis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102978/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FD95FE4FFDA6FE37" box="[563,588,460,481]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="12.[197,237,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,193,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[172,1193,193,1649]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs. 61–64. Habitus. 61) Diutius gallerucoides; 62) Diutius pallidus; 63) Akonesis vittatis; 64) Akonesis pictipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102987/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">62</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF63FE75FECAFC92" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FE75FE60FD8F" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<materialsCitation id="3B323CD593648862FF63FE75FE60FD8F" collectingDate="2000-10-14" collectingDateMax="2000-10-19" collectingDateMin="2000-10-14" collectionCode="MNKM" collectorName="Hotel Flora &amp; Fauna &amp; M. C. Thomas" country="Bolivia" location="Buena Vista" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FE75FEC2FDDD" bold="true" box="[197,296,502,523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<typeStatus id="54E1882A93648862FF63FE75FECEFDDD" box="[197,292,502,523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D5CFD0193648862FE93FE75FEADFDDA" box="[309,327,502,524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34D761893648862FEF1FE75FE55FDDD" box="[343,447,502,523]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="499EF86A93648862FE6AFE75FDD4FDDD" box="[460,574,502,523]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, 3.7 km SSE
<location id="8E85605393648862FF79FD93FEB2FDF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A:8E85605393648862FF79FD93FEB2FDF3" box="[223,344,528,549]" country="Bolivia" name="Buena Vista" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Buena Vista</location>
,
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FEC2FD93FE3EFDF3" box="[356,468,528,549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Hotel Flora</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FE5EFD93FDDFFDF3" box="[504,565,528,549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fauna</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CA29B6D93648862FDE4FD93FD65FDF3" box="[578,655,528,549]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" unit="km" value="430.0">430 km</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE4104893648862FF0BFDA9FED3FDE9" box="[173,313,554,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2000-10-14" valueMax="2000-10-19" valueMin="2000-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9A093648862FF0BFDA9FED3FDE9" box="[173,313,554,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2000-10-14" valueMax="2000-10-19" valueMin="2000-10-14">14-19-X-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FEDCFDA9FDECFDE9" box="[378,518,554,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">M.C. Thomas</collectorName>
, tropical transition forest (
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FE8BFDC7FE95FD8F" box="[301,383,580,601]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">MNKM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FDDCFECAFC92" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<materialsCitation id="3B323CD593648862FF63FDDCFE35FD58" collectingDate="2000-10-14" collectingDateMax="2000-10-19" collectingDateMin="2000-10-14" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="Hotel Flora &amp; Fauna &amp; M. C. Thomas" country="Bolivia" location="One" municipality="Six" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FDDCFEDBFDA2" bold="true" box="[197,305,607,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<typeStatus id="54E1882A93648862FF63FDDCFEC4FDA2" box="[197,302,607,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B81ACF293648862FE99FDDCFEB5FDA2" box="[319,351,607,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Six</collectingMunicipality>
specimens.
<location id="8E85605393648862FE71FDDCFE15FDA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A:8E85605393648862FE71FDDCFE15FDA2" box="[471,511,607,628]" municipality="Six" name="One" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">One</location>
from the same locality as the holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FE31FDFAFE32FD58" box="[407,472,633,654]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B323CD593648862FE4EFDFAFEF1FC92" collectingDate="1981-01-15" collectingDateMax="2011-12-08" collectingDateMin="1981-01-15" collectionCode="FSCA, WOPC, JEWC, RFMC" collectorName="E. Giesbert &amp; Morris &amp; Wappes &amp; R. C. Wilkerson" country="Bolivia" location="Buena Vista" municipality="Six" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE4EFDFAFDB2FD58" bold="true" box="[488,600,633,654]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<collectingCountry id="F34D761893648862FE4EFDFAFDBEFD58" box="[488,596,633,654]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="499EF86A93648862FDF8FDFAFF0BFD7E" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E85605393648862FF48FD10FE85FD7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3879E93648863FF48FE32FE90FE8A:8E85605393648862FF48FD10FE85FD7E" box="[238,367,659,680]" country="Bolivia" name="Buena Vista" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Buena Vista</location>
,
<date id="FFE4104893648862FEDBFD10FDFAFD7E" box="[381,528,659,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="1992-10-18" valueMax="1992-10-25" valueMin="1992-10-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9A093648862FEDBFD10FDFAFD7E" box="[381,528,659,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="1992-10-18" valueMax="1992-10-25" valueMin="1992-10-18">18-25-X-1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FDB8FD10FD79FD7E" box="[542,659,659,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">E. Giesbert</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FF15FD2EFF18FD14" box="[179,242,685,706]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
, 1;
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FEB0FD2EFEB7FD14" box="[278,349,685,706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">WOPC</collectionCode>
, 1);
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE2EFD2EFE5CFD14" box="[392,438,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">idem</emphasis>
, Flora @ Fauna Hotel,
<date id="FFE4104893648862FF0BFD44FEA9FD0A" box="[173,323,711,732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2002-10-22" valueMax="2002-10-26" valueMin="2002-10-22">
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9A093648862FF0BFD44FEA9FD0A" box="[173,323,711,732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2002-10-22" valueMax="2002-10-26" valueMin="2002-10-22">22-26-X-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FEF4FD44FE7DFD0A" box="[338,407,711,732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Morris</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FE66FD44FDFAFD0A" box="[448,528,711,732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Wappes</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FD84FD44FD82FD0A" box="[546,616,711,732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">JEWC</collectionCode>
, 1); Potrerillo, del Guenda,
<date id="FFE4104893648862FE0DFD62FDDDFD20" box="[427,567,737,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2011-12-06" valueMax="2011-12-08" valueMin="2011-12-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9A093648862FE0DFD62FDDDFD20" box="[427,567,737,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="2011-12-06" valueMax="2011-12-08" valueMin="2011-12-06">
6-8 XII-
<quantity id="4CA29B6D93648862FDA3FD62FDDDFD20" box="[517,567,737,758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0114" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="2011.4">2011</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 400 m,
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FF0BFD78FF07FCC6" box="[173,237,763,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Morris</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FEA9FD78FEB0FCC6" box="[271,346,763,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Wappes</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FECEFD78FE44FCC6" box="[360,430,763,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">RFMC</collectionCode>
, 1):
<collectingRegion id="499EF86A93648862FE7DFD78FDB1FCC6" box="[475,603,763,784]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
: Villa Tunari,
<date id="FFE4104893648862FF5AFC96FE8BFCFC" box="[252,353,789,810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="1981-01-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9A093648862FF5AFC96FE8BFCFC" box="[252,353,789,810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" value="1981-01-15">15-I-1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="521B4E9F93648862FEC8FC96FE01FCFC" box="[366,491,789,810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26AF535E93648862FE51FC96FD79FCFC" box="[503,659,789,810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">R.C. Wilkerson</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE4D93648862FF15FCACFF11FC92" box="[179,251,815,836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">WOPC</collectionCode>
, 1)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF63FCC9FD93FCAF" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FCC9FD93FCAF" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FCC9FEC7FC89" bold="true" box="[197,301,842,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Only in the members of this species is the elytral disc uniformly light brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF63FCFDFE7CFAED" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FCFDFE12FB6E" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FCFDFE90FC45" bold="true" box="[197,378,894,915]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Description. Size</emphasis>
: Length 12.0 mm; width 4.0 mm.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FEAEFC1AFEAAFC78" bold="true" box="[264,320,921,942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Form</emphasis>
: As in
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FE29FC1AFE33FC78" box="[399,473,921,942]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="12.[197,237,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,193,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[172,1193,193,1649]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs. 61–64. Habitus. 61) Diutius gallerucoides; 62) Diutius pallidus; 63) Akonesis vittatis; 64) Akonesis pictipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102987/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE43FC1AFDB0FC78" bold="true" box="[485,602,921,942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Integument</emphasis>
: Cranium and pronotum yellow, pronotal disc slightly dark brown; elytra light brown, legs, pterothorax, and abdomen yellow.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE3CFC6AFE38FC28" bold="true" box="[410,466,1001,1022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes wider than frons (30:20); capitular antennomeres very slen- der (
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FF7FFB9DFEC8FBE5" box="[217,290,1054,1075]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[197,238,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[174,1163,203,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-110@6.[172,1193,183,1363]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 30–42. Morphological structures. 30) Akonesis vittatis, pronotum; 31) Akonesis pictipennis, pronotum; 32) Diutus pallidus, pronotum; 33) Crusbatus spinosus, pronotum; 34) D. pallidus, antenna; 35) Diutus gallerucoides, antenna; 36) C. spinosus, antenna; 37) D. pallidus, tegmen; 38) D. pallidus, phallus; 39) C. spinosus, spicular fork; 40) C. spinosus, male, pygidium; 41) C. spinosus, tegmen; 42) C. spinosus, phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102969/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE92FB9DFE94FBE5" bold="true" box="[308,382,1054,1075]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum quadrate (80:80), lateral tubercle faintly developed (
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FD97FBBBFD6CFB9B" box="[561,646,1080,1101]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[197,238,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[174,1163,203,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-110@6.[172,1193,183,1363]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 30–42. Morphological structures. 30) Akonesis vittatis, pronotum; 31) Akonesis pictipennis, pronotum; 32) Diutus pallidus, pronotum; 33) Crusbatus spinosus, pronotum; 34) D. pallidus, antenna; 35) Diutus gallerucoides, antenna; 36) C. spinosus, antenna; 37) D. pallidus, tegmen; 38) D. pallidus, phallus; 39) C. spinosus, spicular fork; 40) C. spinosus, male, pygidium; 41) C. spinosus, tegmen; 42) C. spinosus, phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102969/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
); epipleural fold gradually narrowed to elytral apex, asetiferous punctures absent; 1° setae absent.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FEA2FB0BFE9AFB4B" bold="true" box="[260,368,1160,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Male pygidium notched; aedeagus as in
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FEEBFB20FE1EFB6E" box="[333,500,1187,1208]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[197,238,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[174,1163,203,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-110@6.[172,1193,183,1363]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 30–42. Morphological structures. 30) Akonesis vittatis, pronotum; 31) Akonesis pictipennis, pronotum; 32) Diutus pallidus, pronotum; 33) Crusbatus spinosus, pronotum; 34) D. pallidus, antenna; 35) Diutus gallerucoides, antenna; 36) C. spinosus, antenna; 37) D. pallidus, tegmen; 38) D. pallidus, phallus; 39) C. spinosus, spicular fork; 40) C. spinosus, male, pygidium; 41) C. spinosus, tegmen; 42) C. spinosus, phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102969/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Figs. 37 and 38</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FB3EFEC2FB3A" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FB3EFEC3FB04" bold="true" box="[197,297,1213,1234]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Variation.</emphasis>
Size: Length 9.0–12.0 mm; width 2.2–4.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FB71FE7CFAED" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FB71FE87FAD1" bold="true" box="[197,365,1266,1287]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Natural History.</emphasis>
Specimens were collected during October and January, two in a Malaise trap at
<quantity id="4CA29B6D93648862FF54FAA5FEDAFAED" box="[242,304,1318,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648862FF63FAC3FD7EFA83" box="[197,660,1344,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FAC3FD7EFA83" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" box="[197,660,1344,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FAC3FED5FA83" bold="true" box="[197,319,1344,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from
<collectingCountry id="F34D761893648862FE50FAC3FDD3FA83" box="[502,569,1344,1365]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FDE3FAC3FD63FA83" box="[581,649,1344,1365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[197,229,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,189,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[173,1194,189,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 59. Distribution of Diutus gallerucoides, Diutus pallidus, Akonesis pictipennis, and Akonesis vittatis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102978/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340650393648863FF63FAD8FE90FE8A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63FAD8FEB4FA73" blockId="16.[173,660,502,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF63FAD8FEDDFAA6" bold="true" box="[197,311,1371,1392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Etymology.</emphasis>
The trivial name
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FE56FAD9FDD7FAB9" box="[496,573,1370,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Diutius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE56FAD9FDD7FAB9" box="[496,573,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= pale) is a Latin adjective. I refer to the pale condition of the elytral disc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF50FA60FDA0FA2E" blockId="16.[246,586,1507,1530]" box="[246,586,1507,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FF50FA60FDA0FA2E" bold="true" box="[246,586,1507,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
EVOLUTIONARY
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FE3BFA60FDA0FA2E" bold="true" box="[413,586,1507,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">CONSIDERATIONS</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FF63F98CFB69FE10" blockId="16.[173,660,1551,1729]" lastBlockId="16.[707,1194,194,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
A discussion of evolutionary relationships is an important component of taxonomic endeavors. Such discussions, if based on a wide variety of derived character states (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B7993648862FE0AF9DDFDD0F9A5" author="Hennig" box="[428,570,1630,1651]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" refId="ref8339" refString="Hennig, W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana-Champaign, IL." type="book" year="1966">Hennig, 1966</bibRefCitation>
), have a good possibility of producing classifications that are informative and of heuristic value. This treatise involves four genera that are either monotypic or bitypic. It remains to be seen whether the species paucity in these taxa represents considerable rates of extinction, a manifestation of unavailability of specimens collected, or a result of geographic bias in collecting activities. Whatever the case, I have detailed a number of characteristics that warrant some discussion of kinships. It is understood that the following remarks are tentative and represent a beginning which may be augmented as more taxa and characteristics are discovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FD7DFE4FFCA1FCEF" blockId="16.[707,1194,194,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
I suggest that the distribution of the taxa under consideration reflect historical vicariance, with the possible exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FC5DFD83FB48FDC3" box="[1019,1186,512,533]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Antennosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressocollis">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FC5DFD83FB48FDC3" box="[1019,1186,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">A. impressocollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which dispersed from ancestral South American clerofaunas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B7993648862FCE4FDB5FC5EFD9D" author="Opitz" box="[834,948,566,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref8558" refString="Opitz, W. 2005. Classification, natural history, and evolution of the genus Aphelocerus Kirsch (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 293: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="2005">Opitz 2005</bibRefCitation>
) to enter the more eastern Panamanian terrain, probably after the early closure of the Panamanian portal about 25 million years ago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B7993648862FCC2FD06FC3AFD4C" author="Ford" box="[868,976,645,666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" pagination="81 - 114" refId="ref8196" refString="Ford, S. M. 2006. The biographic history of Mesoamerican primates [pp. 81 - 114]. In: New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates (A. P. A. Estrada, P. L. Garber, M. S. M. Pavelka, and L. Luecke, editors). Springer, New York, NY." type="book chapter" year="2006">Ford 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The distributions of the other species roughly coincide with Quaternary forest refugia postulated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B7993648862FC4BFD39FB90FD19" author="Haffer" box="[1005,1146,698,719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" pagination="131 - 137" refId="ref8320" refString="Haffer, J. 1969. Speciation in Amazonian Forest Birds. Science 165: 131 - 137." type="journal article" year="1969">Haffer (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and Vanzolini and Williams (1970). The known distributions of these species coincide well with the South American clerofaunas described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B7993648862FD65FCA7FCADFCEF" author="Opitz" box="[707,839,804,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref8558" refString="Opitz, W. 2005. Classification, natural history, and evolution of the genus Aphelocerus Kirsch (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 293: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="2005">Opitz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648862FD7DFCBCFC01FBAE" blockId="16.[707,1194,194,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
Analysis of the character matrix (
<tableCitation id="C6D8033393648862FBE8FCBCFB75FC82" box="[1102,1183,831,852]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[197,245,193,212]" captionText="Table 1. Character matrix of 18 adult morphological characters of species of Antennosus, Crusbatus, Diutius, and Akonensis." pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Table 1</tableCitation>
) produced two phylogenetic trees (
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FBB8FCD9FB74FCB9" box="[1054,1182,858,879]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="14.[197,237,1644,1663]" captionTargetBox="[185,1193,183,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[172,1193,183,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs. 67–68. Phylogenetic trees derived via heuristic analysis of the character matrix for species of Akonesis, Diutus, Antennosus, and Crusbatus. 67) Tree 1; 68) Tree 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102991/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Figs. 67, 68</figureCitation>
). Both trees involved 15 steps, index of consistency of 100, and index of retention of 100. Heuristic analysis included maximum trees (hold) = 100, number of replications 9 (must), and multiple TBR = TBR (mult max) = 100. I have chosen to discuss tree number two (
<figureCitation id="13612A0D93648862FBFCFC7AFB48FBD8" box="[1114,1186,1017,1038]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="14.[197,237,1644,1663]" captionTargetBox="[185,1193,183,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[172,1193,183,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs. 67–68. Phylogenetic trees derived via heuristic analysis of the character matrix for species of Akonesis, Diutus, Antennosus, and Crusbatus. 67) Tree 1; 68) Tree 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102991/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
) because it presents a more realistic relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FCB8FBAEFC64FB94" box="[798,910,1069,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Diutius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FCB8FBAEFC64FB94" box="[798,910,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">D. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FC61FBAEFB86FB94" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1844" box="[967,1132,1069,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Pelonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallerucoides">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FC61FBAEFB86FB94" box="[967,1132,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">D. gallerucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; both species share the derived condition of the tarsal spur formula, which is 0-2-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5368893648863FD7DFBFDFE90FE8A" blockId="16.[707,1194,194,1728]" lastBlockId="17.[151,639,194,348]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">
Distributional evidence suggests that the ancestor of the taxa in question (ancestor A) originated in South America. This ancestor had a basic plan that included an elongated capitulum and an epipleuron that shifted from a lateral position to a more ventral position. Ancestor A generated the widely distributed
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FC0EFA9FFBFDFAE7" box="[936,1047,1308,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Antennosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FC0EFA9FFBFDFAE7" box="[936,1047,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Antennosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which developed a bifid spicular fork and two wide indentations on the pronotum. The complementary stock generated ancestor B in which the phallobasic rod disappeared and the phallobasic struts became abbreviated. This progenitor generated
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FBE1FA22FB43FA60" box="[1095,1193,1441,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Crusbatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FBE1FA22FB43FA60" box="[1095,1193,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">Crusbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whose species evolved an elongated pronotum, expanded funicular antennomeres, concavely margined pygidium, and spinous anterior margin of the protibia. Ancestor B also produced a line of evolution leading to ancestor C characterized by having a flat pronotum. Then, in one line of the progenitors of ancestor C (which led to progenitor D) the protibiae lost their tibial spur and evolved a 0-2-2 tibial spur formula. Progenitor D evolved
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93648862FCC7F929FC3EF969" box="[865,980,1706,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Diutius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93648862FCC7F929FC3EF969" box="[865,980,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="427">D. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by an infuscated pronotum and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93658863FE3AFF41FDABFF01" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1844" box="[412,577,194,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Pelonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallerucoides">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93658863FE3AFF41FE47FF01" box="[412,429,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="428">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93658863FE19FF41FDABFF01" box="[447,577,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="428">gallerucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by brown maculae on the elytral disc. Ancestor C also generated progenitor E which evolved
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93658863FF48FE92FEA7FEF0" box="[238,333,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Akonesis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatis">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93658863FF48FE92FEA7FEF0" box="[238,333,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="428">A. vittatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by vittate elytra and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D0B93658863FF67FEAFFEA8FE97" box="[193,322,300,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Akonesis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93658863FF67FEAFFF25FE97" box="[193,207,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="428">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EEA9A93658863FF7BFEAFFEA8FE97" box="[221,322,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="428">pictipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whose derived attributes include a dark humeral margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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