372 lines
46 KiB
XML
372 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="8FF51EED6974BB47CC420E8C99B1D9C2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189753" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96bfbb6b-3a6e-4bbb-8985-e57129b08480" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461104734494" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhaurova, Kira & Wharton, Robert" docDate="2009" docId="03CB87C8FC21FF9FFF32F52B92F6FCF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02207p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2207" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Physotarsus Townes 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFF2FFB0FC27FF97FFA5F76A9151FF9E" masterDocTitle="A revision of Physotarsus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with description of 18 new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698592518937" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F60982DE549C50B9108F4D536342D46A">A revision of Physotarsus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with description of 18 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C39BBBD53F99D83283ED30C4A9D32EF8">Zhaurova, Kira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D30EDEF0AB166F3ADD8CD88768E61C96">Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1E5E35198CCAA9733C16D5D5816FC51A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8C4F8523313DCF1AB7CDF04F40DDBF75">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E9FDE1BC1B1374BE8FB38405D6617D9">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="036075D9640ABF2DB62E783CF7F87435" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="447536A3CE25F310A71521A134180292">2207</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EE0D8432B066AE9AFEA1D98BE38EA0B6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CB87C8FC21FF9FFF32F52B92F6FCF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87C8FC21FF9FFF32F52B92F6FCF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87C8FC21FF9FFF32F52B92F6FCF4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C3786555FC21FF91FF32F52B9086FDC4" box="[151,471,576,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF32F52B9086FDC4" blockId="6.[151,471,576,603]" box="[151,471,576,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D09581B2FC21FF91FF32F52B9086FDC4" bold="true" box="[151,471,576,603]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FF32F52B9086FDC4" ID-CoL="6Q2Y" ID-ENA="495457" authority="Townes, 1966" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,471,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF32F52B9086FDC4" bold="true" box="[151,471,576,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF32F52B9078FDC5" bold="true" box="[151,297,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physotarsus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FE95F52A9086FDC4" author="Townes" box="[304,471,576,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3786555FC21FF91FF32F5E095B2FC9F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF32F5E095B2FC9F" blockId="6.[151,1436,650,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7211F0FC21FF91FF32F5E095B2FC9F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FF32F5E09351FD3F" ID-CoL="6Q2Y" authority="Townes, 1966: 139" authorityName="Townes" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,512,650,673]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF32F5E09048FD3F" box="[151,281,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physotarsus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FE83F5E09351FD3F" author="Townes" box="[294,512,650,673]" page="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FE83F5E09097FD3F" author="Townes" box="[294,454,650,673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 139
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 330 (catalog, original description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FC00F5E095A9FD3F" author="Townes" box="[933,1272,650,673]" page="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FC00F5E095EEFD3F" author="Townes" box="[933,1215,650,673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes & Townes 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 139
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog; new combinations);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FECBF5C09311FD5F" author="Townes" box="[366,576,682,705]" page="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FECBF5C0935FFD5F" author="Townes" box="[366,526,682,705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" refString="Townes, H. (1970 b) Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 3. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 13, 1 - 307." type="journal article" year="1970" yearSuffix="b">Townes 1970b</bibRefCitation>
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: 102
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</treatmentCitation>
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–104 (key to genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FC98F5C092E8FD5F" box="[829,953,682,705]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scolobatini">Scolobatini</taxonomicName>
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, copy of original description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FAA0F5C091BEFD7F" author="Carlson" page="592" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FAA0F5C094C9FD5F" author="Carlson" box="[1285,1432,682,705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Carlson, R. W. (1979) Family Ichneumonidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D., Catalog of Hymenoptera in America, North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington DC, pp. 315 - 740." type="book chapter" year="1979">Carlson 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 592
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FECBF5A0937AFD7F" author="Gauld" box="[366,555,714,737]" page="181" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FECBF5A090A4FD7F" author="Gauld" box="[366,501,714,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Gauld, I. D. (1997) Tribe Scolobatini. In: Gauld, I. D. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 2. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 57, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1997">Gauld 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 181
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</treatmentCitation>
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–184 (revision of
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FD59F5A0922FFD7F" ID-CoL="6Q2Y" box="[764,894,714,737]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FD59F5A0922FFD7F" box="[764,894,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physotarsus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC21FF91FC0BF5A0957AFD7F" box="[942,1067,714,737]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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; detailed redescription of genus, illustrated descriptions of 6 new species from
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<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC21FF91FD17F580927AFC9F" box="[690,811,746,769]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CFFC21FF91FC98F5809526FC9F" author="Yu" box="[829,1143,746,769]" page="455" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FC98F5809515FC9F" author="Yu" box="[829,1092,746,769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" refString="Yu, D. & Horstmann, K. (1997) Catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 58, 1 - 1558." type="journal article" year="1997">Yu and Horstmann 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 455
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3786555FC21FF91FF32F4609294FCBF" box="[151,965,778,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF32F4609294FCBF" blockId="6.[151,1436,650,801]" box="[151,965,778,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<typeStatus id="54D9887CFC21FF91FF32F460919DFCBF" box="[151,204,778,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FE88F46093ECFCBF" authority="Cresson, 1874" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1874" box="[301,701,778,801]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FE88F460934DFCBF" box="[301,540,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tryphon maculipennis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC21FF91FD87F46093ECFCBF" author="Cresson" box="[546,701,778,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1874) Descriptions of Mexican Ichneumonidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1873, 374 - 413." type="proceedings paper" year="1874">Cresson, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3786555FC21FF91FF32F4209041FBD5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF32F4209591FC2C" blockId="6.[151,1437,842,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF32F4209045FCFD" box="[151,276,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Ventral margin of clypeus thickened medially but never with sharply pointed median tooth. Occipital carina absent mid-dorsally, present at least ventrally. First flagellomere with tyloid laterally bearing 15 or fewer sensilla. Fore wing areolet always absent.
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<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC21FF91FC86F4F2920FFC2C" box="[803,862,920,946]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tarsi swollen, at least in male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF60F4D59041FBD5" blockId="6.[151,1437,842,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FF60F4D59031FC46" box="[197,352,959,984]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF60F4D59031FC46" box="[197,352,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physotarsus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks the sharply pointed median tooth on the clypeus that characterizes
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FAB6F4D59078FC61" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Scolobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FAB6F4D594CCFC46" box="[1299,1437,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scolobates</emphasis>
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Gravenhorst
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FEC1F48F937DFC61" authority="Townes" authorityName="Townes" box="[356,556,997,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Onarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FEC1F48F9099FC60" box="[356,456,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onarion</emphasis>
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Townes
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13592A5BFC21FF91FD99F48F93F9FC61" box="[572,680,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,194,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[210,1377,174,1366]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. ESEM, clypeus. 5, Physotarsus concavus n. sp., 6, P. luteus n. sp., 7, P. claviger n. sp., 8, Scolobates auriculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 5–8</figureCitation>
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), and is therefore most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FB99F48F9047FBB8" authority="Graf, Kumagai and Dutra. The" authorityName="Graf, Kumagai and Dutra. The" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Catucaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FB99F48F95FEFC60" box="[1084,1199,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Catucaba</emphasis>
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Graf, Kumagai and Dutra. The
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</taxonomicName>
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apical margin of the clypeus is variously thickened in
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FC31F3669572FBBB" box="[916,1059,1036,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FC31F3669572FBBB" box="[916,1059,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physotarsus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and uniformly thin and sharp in
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<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF32F3589041FBD5" box="[151,272,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FF32F358905CFBD5" box="[151,269,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Catucaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catucaba</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3786555FC21FF90FF60F33395AFFC40" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC21FF91FF60F33394CCF873" blockId="6.[151,1437,842,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FF60F3339008FBEC" box="[197,345,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
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Length: body
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||
<quantity id="4C9A9B3BFC21FF91FDB7F33393F5FBED" box="[530,676,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.449999999999999" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="6.449999999999999" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–9.7 mm</quantity>
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||
, fore wing 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B3BFC21FF91FCC7F333929EFBED" box="[866,975,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
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. Clypeus 2.4–4.0X as wide as long; in profile, varying from weakly, evenly convex to flattened medially and somewhat tuberculate laterally, sometimes separated medially by a weak transverse ridge; separated from face dorsomedially by epistomal sulcus that varies from distinctly impressed to barely visible; ventral margin variously thickened, but without sharply pointed median tooth. Anterior tentorial pits oval to slightly elongate with lateromost corners pointed laterad or upcurved. Malar space 0.2–0.8X basal width of mandible; mandible with lower tooth slightly longer than upper; mandible tapering over basal 0.3–0.5, almost parallel-sided apically. Dorsal margin of mandible without distinct median convexity. Mouthparts simple to weakly haustellate, labiomaxillary complex never as elongate as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC21FF91FEE0F2E590FBFA36" box="[325,426,1423,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Onarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC21FF91FEE0F2E590FBFA36" box="[325,426,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Onarion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Face smooth to deeply and relatively densely punctate, 1.2–2.3X as wide as long, with small median tooth or tubercle dorsally. Interantennal area flat to slightly concave, anterior margin of torulus situated at about 0.6–0.8 of eye height. Widest diameter of torulus 1.0–1.6X widest diameter of median ocellus. Area between lateral ocelli flat to strongly depressed, distance between lateral ocelli 0.4–1.5X their widest diameter, distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.4–2.8X widest diameter of lateral ocellus. Area behind ocelli regularly rounded to sharply declivitous. Antennae with 22–47 flagellomeres, longer to much longer than length of body. First flagellomere with small tyloid laterally, with 15 or fewer sensilla per tyloid; flagellomere length 0.7–1.6X widest transverse diameter of eye, second flagellomere 0.4–0.8X length of first. Occipital carina incomplete, narrowly to broadly effaced dorsally, present on ventral 0.2–0.8 of head, rarely joining hypostomal carina at or before mandibular base, the two carinae often widely separated at mandibular base ventrally but narrowly separated, nearly joining in some species. Pronotum dorsally with distinctly impressed transverse groove, anterior margin truncate to quite strongly emarginate, narrow to exceptionally narrow dorsomedially. Lateral groove of pronotum highly variable, from absent to complete; epomia absent. Pronotum glabrous to variably punctate, sometimes partially rugose. Mesoscutum glabrous to densely punctate, notauli absent. Epicnemial carina extending along ventral 0.2–0.4 of posterior margin of pronotum, sometimes turned towards but only rarely reaching thickened anterior margin of mesopleuron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC20FF90FF32F7F295AFFC40" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Mesopleuron always lightly pubescent ventrally, smooth to densely punctate laterally. Propodeum with pleural carina varying from absent to complete, median longitudinal carinae usually absent, sometimes present as posterior vestiges; punctation variable, usually absent posteromedially, sometimes present anteromedially; punctation always denser laterally than medially.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FC08F66692B9FEB8" box="[941,1000,268,294]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
trochanter less than 3.0X as long as basally wide, apical margin of trochanter reaching apical margin of trochantellus. Pretarsus longer than tarsomere 4. Pectination of tarsal claws varying from presence of stout setae only at extreme base to fully or almost fully pectinate. Fore wing without areolet (3rs-m always absent); stigma variable in shape from quite narrow to broadly hemispherical, Rs+2r arising from or more usually distinctly basad midpoint of stigma; marginal cell about 2.5–3.3X as long as wide; 2m-cu with a single bulla; Cu1a about 0.3–1.0X length of 2cu- a.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FF19F69E91A6FD90" box="[188,247,500,526]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wing with junction of M and rs-m relatively basal; 1st abscissa of Cu1 subequal to distinctly longer than cu-a, the relative lengths often quite variable within species; distal abscissa of 1A usually entirely absent, more rarely present as distinct basal stub (as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9887CFC20FF90FD5CF52B927DFDC5" box="[761,812,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species). Metasomal T1 about 1.2–2.4X longer than width at apex; flattened to weakly concave anteriorly, usually weakly convex posteriorly; basal depression very shallow to moderately deep at attachment of dorsal tendon, the depression often not delimited posteriorly; dorsomedian longitudinal carinae absent; dorsolateral longitudinal carinae usually present basally, sometimes as a distinct flange over glymma, absent posteriorad spiracle; T1 spiracles sometimes slightly protruding in profile. Glymma present as narrow groove at extreme base, widening somewhat posteriorly ventrad dorsal tendon attachment, not distinctly delimited posteriorly. S1 short to very short, posterior margin extending 0.1–0.4X length of T1. Cerci small, usually sessile or nearly so, never protruding greater than basal width, sparsely setose. Ovipositor short, with deep, broad, subapical notch; sheath usually broader apically than at base, usually sparsely long-setose apically, pattern slightly variable. Color extremely variable; wings largely hyaline, though variously yellow to fuscous in some species; often with dark apical spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3786555FC20FF90FF60F4809563FB01" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC20FF90FF60F4809563FB01" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FF60F4809006FB9D" box="[197,343,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Restricted to the New World, occurring from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FBA4F480950BFB9A" box="[1025,1114,1002,1028]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FA80F48094CDFB9A" box="[1317,1436,1002,1028]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FEC6F37B90FFFBB5" box="[355,430,1041,1067]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition to the North American specimens listed below from Arizona, California, Nebraska, Nevada, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FE1BF352934AFBCC" box="[446,539,1080,1106]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Texas, we have seen several additional specimens from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FAFAF35294CDFBCC" box="[1375,1436,1080,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">U. S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(AEIC, CNC, USNM), including three from Oklahoma and one from North Carolina. We also examined one specimen from Saskatchewan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FDA7F3EF930BFB01" box="[514,602,1157,1183]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CNC), a record that needs verification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3786555FC20FF90FF60F3C69298FA8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC20FF90FF60F3C69298FA8D" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FF60F3C69070FB5B" box="[197,289,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC20FF90FE9CF3C6908DFB58" author="Gauld" box="[313,476,1196,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Gauld, I. D. (1997) Tribe Scolobatini. In: Gauld, I. D. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 2. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 57, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1997">Gauld (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided seasonal and habitat data for the six species he described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FAFDF3C69183FB73" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. There is only one host record: several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FCF7F3B99299FB72" box="[850,968,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adriani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FCF7F3B99299FB72" box="[850,968,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. adriani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reared from cocoons of the argid sawfly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FF49F3939086FA8C" box="[236,471,1273,1298]" genus="Trochophora" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FF49F3939086FA8C" box="[236,471,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trochophora lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC20FF90FE59F393932DFA8D" box="[508,636,1273,1299]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC20FF90FD2EF3939248FA8D" author="Gauld" box="[651,793,1273,1299]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Gauld, I. D. (1997) Tribe Scolobatini. In: Gauld, I. D. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 2. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 57, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1997">Gauld 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC20FF90FC83F39392ECFA8D" author="Janzen" box="[806,957,1273,1299]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" refString="Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W. (2006) Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies and moths. Available from http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / Wadults / resultslongrec 2. lasso? - database = GCAvoucherDB & - table = www 3 & voucher = 88 - SRNP- 67 & - search (accessed 4 March, 2009)." type="book" year="2006">Janzen 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3786555FC20FF9FFF60F24A92F6FCF4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC20FF90FF60F24A957DF923" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FF60F24A9062FAA7" box="[197,307,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The shape of the clypeus is quite variable across its width, with the margin generally thickened medially, thinner and sometimes reflected laterally. The greatest degree of interspecific variation is in the median part of the clypeal margin, with the following states observed: margin evenly convex, weakly and evenly thickened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A5BFC20FF90FED7F2FE90EAFA30" box="[370,443,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,194,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[210,1377,174,1366]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. ESEM, clypeus. 5, Physotarsus concavus n. sp., 6, P. luteus n. sp., 7, P. claviger n. sp., 8, Scolobates auriculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); margin irregularly thickened, with a distinct, broadly rounded or truncate median lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A5BFC20FF90FF7CF2D19071FA4B" box="[217,288,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,194,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[210,1377,174,1366]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. ESEM, clypeus. 5, Physotarsus concavus n. sp., 6, P. luteus n. sp., 7, P. claviger n. sp., 8, Scolobates auriculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); margin with a narrower, median tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A5BFC20FF90FD5BF2D19212FA4B" box="[766,835,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,194,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[210,1377,174,1366]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. ESEM, clypeus. 5, Physotarsus concavus n. sp., 6, P. luteus n. sp., 7, P. claviger n. sp., 8, Scolobates auriculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to, but not as pointed as, that in the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FF1CF28B906CFA64" box="[185,317,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Scolobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FF1CF28B906CFA64" box="[185,317,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scolobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A5BFC20FF90FEEAF28B90C9FA65" box="[335,408,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[219,1371,194,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[210,1377,174,1366]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. ESEM, clypeus. 5, Physotarsus concavus n. sp., 6, P. luteus n. sp., 7, P. claviger n. sp., 8, Scolobates auriculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189757/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FE7AF28B9317FA64" box="[479,582,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Onarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FE7AF28B9317FA64" box="[479,582,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Onarion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These states are difficult to describe accurately because they largely represent a continuum of forms across the genus. The shape of the male subgenital plate, as first noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC20FF90FF32F144906DF9D6" author="Gauld" box="[151,316,1582,1608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Gauld, I. D. (1997) Tribe Scolobatini. In: Gauld, I. D. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 2. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 57, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1997">Gauld (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and aedeagus proved useful in discriminating among species that were otherwise similar in appearance. Unfortunately, these features were not always visible and males were unavailable for several species. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FED2F1169357F90B" box="[375,518,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FED2F1169357F90B" box="[375,518,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from Greek and refers to the inflated hind tarsus of males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2FFC20FF90FA9AF1169187F923" author="Townes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a feature which is also found in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FD01F1C99278F923" box="[676,809,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scolobatini">Scolobatini</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the New World.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36DEFC20FF9FFF60F1A392F6FCF4" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,874]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
It is apparent from the material available that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC20FF90FD45F1A3923EF97C" box="[736,879,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC20FF90FD45F1A3923EF97C" box="[736,879,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed, morphologically diverse, and speciose. During the course of this study, 22 additional morphospecies, each represented by a single specimen, were examined. Phylogenetic analysis is deemed premature due to the inability to score characters, especially for males, for many of the taxa. Lack of males is particularly problematic as our study reveals considerable morphological diversity in male genitalia. Our preliminary attempts to analyze relationships resulted in poorly resolved trees which changed dramatically when additional taxa were added. To facilitate future work, we offer the following observations. The species treated here fall into three groups, with two taxa difficult to place. We propose these as strictly informal species groups in the absence of any specific analysis of their monophyly. The first group is represented by very large, smooth-bodied species with fuscous wings and pectinate tarsal claws and includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFD69F7D592DDFF46" box="[716,908,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFD69F7D592DDFF46" box="[716,908,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFC6DF7D595A2FF46" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[968,1267,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFC6DF7D59535FF46" box="[968,1124,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. varicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFBD0F7D495BAFF46" box="[1141,1259,190,216]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFAADF7D590C1FF61" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melipennis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFAADF7D59046FF60" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physotarsus melipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFE3DF78F908AFF61" bold="true" box="[408,475,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFE3DF78F908AFF61" box="[408,475,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also has fuscous wings, but is more distinctly punctate and lacks pectinate tarsal claws. It does not fall readily into any of the three groups recognized here. A second group consists of similarly smooth-bodied species all of which have the dorsal tendon attaching within a shallow to moderately deep pit that is discrete and more or less steep-sided distally. All species have the head and mesosoma in various pastel colors and also have fore wings with an apically infumate spot, though this is hard to discern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFF32F6CD903AFE5E" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[151,363,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFF32F6CD91A5FE5E" box="[151,244,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. albus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFED6F6CC90E7FE5E" bold="true" box="[371,438,422,448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFED6F6CC90E7FE5E" box="[371,438,422,448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, in which the entire wing is weakly infumate. Species included in this second group are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFF61F6A790C2FE79" authority="Gauld" authorityName="Gauld" box="[196,403,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adriani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFF61F6A7906FFE78" box="[196,318,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. adriani</emphasis>
|
||
Gauld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFE04F6A7932FFE79" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[417,638,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFE04F6A79353FE78" box="[417,514,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. albus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFD22F6A7939CFE79" bold="true" box="[647,717,461,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFD22F6A7939CFE79" box="[647,717,461,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFD78F6A792E6FE79" authority="Gauld" authorityName="Gauld" box="[733,951,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonillae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFD78F6A79231FE78" box="[733,864,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. bonillae</emphasis>
|
||
Gauld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFC66F6A7959EFE79" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[963,1231,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFC66F6A79503FE78" box="[963,1106,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. glabellus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFB7DF6A7944FFE79" bold="true" box="[1240,1310,461,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFB7DF6A7944FFE79" box="[1240,1310,461,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFA8BF6A794C8FE78" box="[1326,1433,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. j a m e s i</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFEB5F6999002FD93" bold="true" box="[272,339,499,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFEC6F69E93E6FD90" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[355,695,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucohypopygus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFEC6F69E936FFD93" box="[355,574,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. leucohypopygus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFD1AF6999252FD93" bold="true" box="[703,771,499,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFD1AF6999252FD93" box="[703,771,499,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFCB7F69E955CFD90" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[786,1037,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFCB7F69E92C5FD93" box="[786,916,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. oculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFBB1F6999509FD93" bold="true" box="[1044,1112,499,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFBB1F6999509FD93" box="[1044,1112,499,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFB3FF69E942DFD90" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" box="[1178,1404,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niveus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFB3FF69E9455FD93" box="[1178,1284,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. niveus</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFA21F69991EAFDAA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFA21F69991EAFDAA" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
These species are distributed from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFD45F5709278FDAA" box="[736,809,538,564]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFCF4F5709285FDAA" box="[849,980,538,564]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Lesser Antilles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFAAFF570902FFDC5" authority="Zhaurova" authorityName="Zhaurova" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFAAFF57091AFFDC4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physotarsus claviger</emphasis>
|
||
Zhaurova
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFE22F52A909EFDC4" bold="true" box="[391,463,576,602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557B7FC2FFF9FFE22F52A909EFDC4" box="[391,463,576,602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFD83F52B93F6FDC5" box="[550,679,577,603]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is similar but has extensive dark markings on the head and mesosoma.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFE8DF502933BFD1C" authority="Gauld" authorityName="Gauld" box="[296,618,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castilloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFE8DF502934CFD1F" box="[296,541,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physotarsus castilloi</emphasis>
|
||
Gauld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFD06F502920BFD1C" authority="Gauld" authorityName="Gauld" box="[675,858,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eliethi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFD06F5029259FD1F" box="[675,776,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. eliethi</emphasis>
|
||
Gauld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFC45F5029532FD1C" box="[992,1123,616,642]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also probably belong here though the nature of the dorsal tendon attachment was not examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D5DFC2FFF9FFC68F5E595FBFD36" box="[973,1194,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Physotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EACCFC2FFF9FFC68F5E595FBFD36" box="[973,1194,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physotarsus luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similarly smoothbodied and resembles several of the smaller species in this second group but the dorsal tendon attachment does not appear to be the same. All remaining species are characterized by distinctly punctate face and mesopleuron, with some species also distinctly punctate on the mesoscutum. The hind femur and tibia are largely to entirely orange in these species. The described species in this third group are distributed from Durango and Nuevo Leon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFE73F43A9361FCF4" box="[470,560,848,874]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Nebraska and Nevada,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375764EFC2FFF9FFCC0F43A92F5FCF4" box="[869,932,848,874]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |