547 lines
74 KiB
XML
547 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="333B6AB7EFFEC31573A78173D6B3922E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842930" ID-ZooBank="041905ED-FCED-4ED5-8248-E9AA8D6271E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1710926876991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. & Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2024" docId="03A5566CFFC3FFA9FF1DFED82A63FBD0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5428.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5428 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nemalecium caeruleus Galea & Maggioni 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="08E68E3D-DF5F-43F0-BF29-15EBE40D3DAB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF9C2E14FFCDFFB8FF8AFFFF2F7CFF92" masterDocTitle="On some tropical hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1711388505602" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6C9483456D536002A452DA2F4E97EE49">On some tropical hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CF32D4E09E230B209AEF76E6539FDC35" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3EA627C2C317AB108CD44A1DEEAC768C">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1EBE66352D6F996F81CD6B3B2D1CC68">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DBF13A070960C6EFF07F1F8901A832C8">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6AEE0936CEE4ADC10796E8FE4C45706E">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. & Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3E1D76E6662E657033758D4684C21EA6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5352C8D30B64D8010CDC799F52292C09">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8BE588D1E7D0FC6DD19259D2D317D988">
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<mods:date id="839086F305A35443EBD5E4FE39B67530">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3741E3CC21A7DC12741BE1CB7F8A52DC">2024-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8174CD98957E048D25DF7B7FCF0280CE">5428</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0194C50785572296F729B05C57E5C4BF">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5D58F16A288CF40184B60306118C3D42">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8F73CA99D9282F038AE10ADC13834B04" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A5566CFFC3FFA9FF1DFED82A63FBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08E68E3D-DF5F-43F0-BF29-15EBE40D3DAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5566CFFC3FFA9FF1DFED82A63FBD0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC3FFB6FF1DFED82CA9FEF4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFED82D65FED3" blockId="14.[151,981,295,393]" box="[151,537,295,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0FB5016FFC3FFB6FF1DFED82D65FED3" bold="true" box="[151,537,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF1DFED82D65FED3" bold="true" box="[151,537,295,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FF1DFED82ED1FED0" authority="Galea & Maggioni, 2024" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,429,295,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF1DFED82ED1FED0" bold="true" box="[151,429,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium caeruleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B8613FFC3FFB6FE36FED82D65FED3" box="[444,537,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFEB42CA9FEF4" blockId="14.[151,981,295,393]" box="[151,981,331,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<uri id="FF9DEB78FFC3FFB6FF1DFEB42CA9FEF4" box="[151,981,331,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFAADDAFFFC3FFB6FE20FEB42CA9FEF4" box="[426,981,331,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">08E68E3D-DF5F-43F0-BF29-15EBE40D3DAB</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC3FFB6FF1DFE902E8BFE1B" box="[151,503,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFE902E8BFE1B" blockId="14.[151,981,295,393]" box="[151,503,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FF1DFE902F90FE1B" box="[151,236,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,620,644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov., in situ. A. Whole colony in coral crevice.B, C. Colony details, showing individual polyps and their colors in life. Photo in A taken by J-M. Bertot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FF72FE902ECCFE1B" box="[248,432,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13A‒H & M‒U</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FE3EFE902EB3FE1B" box="[436,463,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,526,550]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,502]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,502]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cnidome of Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Pseudostenotele. B. Banana-shaped microbasic mastigophore. C. Large, ovoid microbasic heteroneme. D. Small, ovoid microbasic heteroneme. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842964/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FE51FE902E8BFE1B" box="[475,503,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,561,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-189@44.[284,1303,561,1903]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 30. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Nemalecium based on the 16S rRNA region. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and MLBS, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842994/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">30</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC3FFB6FF1DFE4B2C66FDBA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFE4B2C2CFE78" blockId="14.[151,1436,435,552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FF26FE4B2E15FE5E" ID-CoL="466BV" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[172,361,436,460]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF26FE4B2E15FE5E" box="[172,361,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FE0EFE4B2C6EFE59" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[388,786,435,460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche, 1996: 169</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 172–197, fig. 2C, F.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FB87FE4B2A14FE59" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[1037,1384,435,460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FAF0FE4B2F80FE78" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pro parte</emphasis>
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||
): 208–213, fig. 2 [non
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FE62FE2D2C3AFE78" ID-CoL="466BV" authority="(Hargitt, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[488,838,466,490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE62FE2D2DDFFE78" box="[488,675,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FD3AFE2D2C42FE78" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[688,830,466,490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="467 - 507" refId="ref29578" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFE0E2DE9FD9B" blockId="14.[151,1436,435,552]" box="[151,661,497,521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1CC054FFC3FFB6FF1DFE0E2DE9FD9B" box="[151,661,497,521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FF23FE0E2E34FD9B" box="[169,328,497,521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF23FE0E2E54FD9B" box="[169,296,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium</emphasis>
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||
sp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFC3FFB6FEE9FE0E2DEDFD9B" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Bavestrello, G. & Valisano, L. & Puce, S." box="[355,657,497,521]" page="1594" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2008">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FEE9FE0E2DEDFD9B" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Bavestrello, G. & Valisano, L. & Puce, S." box="[355,657,497,521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref27801" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Bavestrello, G., Valisano, L. & Puce, S. (2008) Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (8), 1589 - 1599. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315408002981" type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE56FE0D2D74FD9B" box="[476,520,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008: 1594
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFDEF2C66FDBA" blockId="14.[151,1436,435,552]" box="[151,794,528,552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1CC054FFC3FFB6FF1DFDEF2C66FDBA" box="[151,794,528,552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
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?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FF23FDEF2E24FDBA" box="[169,344,528,552]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF23FDEF2E54FDBA" box="[169,296,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFC3FFB6FEF9FDEF2C6AFDBA" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F." box="[371,790,528,552]" page="107" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2012">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FEF9FDEF2C6AFDBA" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F." box="[371,790,528,552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="85 - 124" refId="ref29423" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F. (2012) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Baa Atoll (Indian Ocean, Maldives Archipelago). Atoll Research Bulletin, 590 (4), 85 - 124." type="journal article" year="2012">Gravier-Bonnet & Bourmaud, 2012: 107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC3FFB6FF1DFDAA2D57FC92" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DFDAA2D57FC92" blockId="14.[151,1437,597,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF1DFDAA2E02FDFD" bold="true" box="[151,382,597,623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B64ED27FFC3FFB6FE18FDA92B3EFD06" collectingDate="2020-01-26" country="Indonesia" elevation="3" location="Lipah Bay" municipality="Amed" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE18FDA92E83FDE2" bold="true" box="[402,511,598,624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC3FFB6FE18FDA92E83FDE2" box="[402,511,598,624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: MSNMCoe367,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC3FFB6FD58FDA92C3EFDE2" box="[722,834,598,624]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFC3FFB6FCD8FDA92CFFFDE2" box="[850,899,598,624]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD77D00FFC3FFB6FC18FDA92CA5FDE2" box="[914,985,598,624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amed</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED3B1A1FFC3FFB6FC60FDA92B19FDE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5566CFFC3FFA9FF1DFED82A63FBD0:8ED3B1A1FFC3FFB6FC60FDA92B19FDE2" box="[1002,1125,598,624]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Amed" name="Lipah Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Bali">Lipah Bay</location>
|
||
, -8.350152°, 115.683861°,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC3FFB6FF1DFD852F9AFD06" box="[151,230,634,660]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00210049FFC3FFB6FF1DFD852F9AFD06" box="[151,230,634,660]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2‒4 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFC3FFB6FF7DFD852EF1FD06" box="[247,397,634,660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-01-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF63852FFC3FFB6FF7DFD852EF1FD06" box="[247,397,634,660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-01-26">26 Jan 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, GenBank: OR872061–OR872064 (16S), OR872010 (18S)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FBEDFD852BA8FD06" bold="true" box="[1127,1236,634,660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC3FFB6FBEDFD852BA8FD06" box="[1127,1236,634,660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: MSNMCoe368, same collecting data as for the holotype, GenBank: OR872057–OR872060 (16S), OR872009 (18S).—
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FA97FD622F80FD49" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC3FFB6FA97FD622F80FD49" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional material</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: MSNMCoe369,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FE58FD3D2DF1FD4E" box="[466,653,706,732]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE58FD3D2D22FD4E" box="[466,606,706,732]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, same collecting data as for the holotype, GenBank: OR872065– OR872068 (16S), OR872011 (18S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC3FFB6FF4DFCF62CD5F886" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF4DFCF62EF4F9AE" blockId="14.[151,1437,597,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FF4DFCF62E2DFCB1" bold="true" box="[199,337,777,803]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies living in anfractuosities of scleractinian corals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FC5DFCF52B42FCB6" box="[983,1086,778,804]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,620,644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov., in situ. A. Whole colony in coral crevice.B, C. Colony details, showing individual polyps and their colors in life. Photo in A taken by J-M. Bertot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), where they form a continuous belt along the lateral walls (but not the bottom of the cavities), partly embedded among sand grains, detritus,filamentous algae and diatoms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FEFEFCAD2EA7FCFE" box="[372,475,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,620,644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov., in situ. A. Whole colony in coral crevice.B, C. Colony details, showing individual polyps and their colors in life. Photo in A taken by J-M. Bertot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
); stems erect, monosiphonic, either unbranched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FB8DFCAD2B0EFCFE" box="[1031,1138,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13M</figureCitation>
|
||
) or sympodially-branched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FF15FC892E16FC02" box="[159,362,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13B‒H, N‒R</figureCitation>
|
||
), up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC3FFB6FE33FC892E85FC02" box="[441,505,886,913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, borne on short apophyses of a creeping, branching hydrorhiza firmly adhering to the substrate; composed of fairly long hydrophores, often with 1‒3 intervening, proximal athecate internodes with slight bulges at both ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FD88FC412DA8FC4A" box="[514,724,958,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13B‒H, M‒R</figureCitation>
|
||
), nodes straight; a hydrotheca on distal part of the hydrophore; one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FF5AFC1D2EC4FC6E" box="[208,440,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13C‒F, H, N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
) or a pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FDBDFC1D2D82FC6E" box="[567,766,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13B, G, P‒R</figureCitation>
|
||
) of 75‒125 µm long apophyses are given off laterally from below the hydrothecal base, each bearing a hydrophore of varied length, ending distally into a hydrotheca; an intervening athecate internode may be occasionally present between the apophysis and the hydrophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FABAFBD52F90FBFA" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13D, N, P, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
); subsequent branching pattern similar throughout the colony, with up to 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC3FFB6FBBEFBB22B3DFBC9" attach="left" box="[1076,1089,1101,1115]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">th</superScript>
|
||
order branches formed, giving rise to cymose colonies (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE30FB8C2E9FFB1E" box="[442,483,1139,1164]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FE67FB8D2DC4FB1E" box="[493,696,1138,1164]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13F, G, P, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of up to a dozen polyps; hydrophores 155‒425 µm long, intervening athecate internodes 230‒380 µm long, diameter at nodes 70‒90 µm. Hydrothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FA85FB692AE8FB22" box="[1295,1428,1174,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13S‒U</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately deep (55‒65 µm high), with circular, 170‒200 µm wide apertures, walls slightly diverging distally from a 125‒140 µm wide, transversely-set, thin diaphragm (topped by a belt of large, ovoid desmocytes), rim smooth, sometimes inwardly-curved; rare renovations could be noted, with the secondary hydrothecae borne on fairy long hydrophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FEB9FAD92EC4FAD2" box="[307,440,1318,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13F, O</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydranths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FDD9FAD92DC5FAD2" box="[595,697,1318,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1435,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths. B–H, M–R. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of Nemalecium sp. (I–L). S–U. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) highly extensible, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC3FFB6FC56FAD92B62FAD2" box="[988,1054,1318,1344]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, composed proximally of an exceedingly long, slender, tubular, non-digestive portion (containing large, vacuolated cells), and distally of a short, globular, digestive part (filled with gland cells) bearing apically a conical hypostome, encircled by a whorl of 22‒25 filiform, amphicoronate tentacles, among which occur 1‒2 scorpioid nematodactyls; tentacle bases with adjacent clusters of gland cells, appearing visually as refringent patches; when a couple of nematodactyls is present, they are set at an angle of 80‒120° between each other with respect to the perimeter of the hypostome; non-digestive and digestive parts of the hydranth separated by a narrow constriction, allowing the head to move freely in all directions. Gonothecae not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF4DF9B92DA3F93A" blockId="14.[151,1437,597,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FEB6F9B92EF2F9F2" box="[316,398,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,526,550]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,502]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,502]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cnidome of Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov. A. Pseudostenotele. B. Banana-shaped microbasic mastigophore. C. Large, ovoid microbasic heteroneme. D. Small, ovoid microbasic heteroneme. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842964/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
): pseudostenoteles [(23.8‒28.9) × (10.0‒11.0) µm], banana-shaped microbasic mastigophores [(5.8‒6.2) × (1.5‒1.7) µm], large, ovoid microbasic heteronemes [(7.6‒7.9) × (2.7‒3.1) µm], and small, ovoid microbasic heteronemes [(5.2‒5.5) × (2.4‒2.6) µm].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF4DF94D2CD5F886" blockId="14.[151,1437,597,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Color in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC3FFB6FEE2F94D2EC3F95E" box="[360,447,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,620,644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,596]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Nemalecium caeruleus, sp. nov., in situ. A. Whole colony in coral crevice.B, C. Colony details, showing individual polyps and their colors in life. Photo in A taken by J-M. Bertot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
): the hydranth column is, for most of its length, translucent, except for its lumen and distalmost part that are white; the apical, digestive region is translucent, the tentacles have a distinctive fluorescent bluish tinge, while the hypostome and nematodactyls are milky white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<footnote id="E817FB74FFC3FFB6FF1DF8782B11F869" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC3FFB6FF1DF8782B11F869" blockId="14.[151,1437,1927,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
3 The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC3FFB6FF7FF8782E5DF80D" box="[245,289,1927,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FE75F8772D2EF80D" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[511,594,1927,1951]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FE75F8772D2EF80D" box="[511,594,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was formerly described as belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FBD1F8782A24F80D" authority="(Hargitt 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1115,1368,1927,1951]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FBD1F8782BC1F80D" box="[1115,1213,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Halecium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FB40F8782A2DF80D" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[1226,1361,1927,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="467 - 507" refId="ref29578" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FF4DF8592E16F82C" author="Bouillon, J." box="[199,362,1958,1982]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="71 - 80" refId="ref26676" refString="Bouillon, J. (1986) Nemalecium gen. nov., genre nouveau de Haleciidae (Thecata-Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Indo- Malayan Zoology, 3 (1), 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="1986">Bouillon (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FDA2F8592DDBF82C" authorityName="Bouillon" authorityYear="1986" box="[552,679,1958,1982]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FDA2F8592DDBF82C" box="[552,679,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate the species, nevertheless still considering it as part of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FE9AF83B2EFCF84E" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1869" box="[272,384,1988,2012]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Haleciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, subsequent molecular analyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC3FFB6FCB6F83B2B72F84E" author="Maronna, M. M. & Miranda, T. P. & Pena Cantero, A. L. & Barbeitos, M. S. & Marques, A. C." box="[828,1038,1988,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="18075" refId="ref31022" refString="Maronna, M. M., Miranda, T. P., Pena Cantero, A. L., Barbeitos, M. S. & Marques, A. C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Maronna
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FC2AF83A2CA8F84E" box="[928,980,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed that this genus is not closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FED8F81C2EC2F869" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1869" box="[338,446,2019,2043]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Haleciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC3FFB6FDE2F81B2D89F869" box="[616,757,2019,2043]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC3FFB6FDE2F81B2D89F869" box="[616,757,2019,2043]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pending further molecular analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFC2FFB7FF1DFD932C64FD3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842958/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,620,644]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,596]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF1DFD932C64FD3A" blockId="15.[151,1436,620,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FF1DFD932E6BFD16" bold="true" box="[151,279,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FEA8FD932D74FD16" authority="Galea & Maggioni, 2024" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,520,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FEA8FD932D74FD16" box="[290,520,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nemalecium caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FD99FD932D1EFD16" bold="true" box="[531,610,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B8613FFC2FFB7FD99FD932D1EFD16" box="[531,610,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FDE7FD922DD6FD16" box="[621,682,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FD3FFD932DBBFD16" bold="true" box="[693,711,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Whole colony in coral crevice.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FB8CFD932B48FD16" bold="true" box="[1030,1076,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
. Colony details, showing individual polyps and their colors in life. Photo in A taken by J-M. Bertot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC2FFA9FF4DFD042C25FCB1" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF4DFD042B5AFC5B" blockId="15.[151,1437,762,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FF4DFD042E48FC87" bold="true" box="[199,308,763,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is immediately distinguished from its two congeners [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FBE9FD042BFEFC86" box="[1123,1154,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FB1AFD042AE0FC87" authority="(Hargitt, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1168,1436,762,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FB1AFD042B90FC86" box="[1168,1260,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FB76FD052AE8FC87" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[1276,1428,762,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="467 - 507" refId="ref29578" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1924) Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (4), 467 - 507." type="journal article" year="1924">Hargitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FF4DFCE02D74FCAB" authority="Galea et al., 2012" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2012" box="[199,520,798,825]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FF4DFCE02E4BFCAA" box="[199,311,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FEB4FCE12D74FCAB" author="Galea, H. R. & Ferry, R. & Bertot, J. M." box="[318,520,798,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref28847" refString="Galea, H. R., Ferry, R. & Bertot, J. M. (2012) Medusoids in the life cycle of Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900) and Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 3527, 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3527.1.3" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FE0DFCE02EC4FCAA" box="[391,440,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] both ecologically and morphologically. Unlike them, it lives exclusively in coral anfractuosities, forming minute, sympodial stems, able to find shelter in such small cavities. Additionally, it forms a well-supported monophyletic clade, well separated from specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FC49FC982B62FC12" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[963,1054,870,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FC49FC982B62FC12" box="[963,1054,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from multiple localities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC2FFB7FAB6FC992AECFC13" box="[1340,1424,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,561,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-189@44.[284,1303,561,1903]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 30. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Nemalecium based on the 16S rRNA region. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and MLBS, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842994/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, genetic divergence exists also between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FD34FC742C37FC36" authority="Galea & Maggioni, 2024" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[702,843,906,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FD34FC742C37FC36" box="[702,843,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FCDBFC742CD5FC37" bold="true" box="[849,937,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B8613FFC2FFB7FCDBFC742CD5FC37" box="[849,937,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and other morphologically indistinguishable specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FE29FC512D2AFC5B" box="[419,598,942,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FE29FC512D53FC5A" box="[419,559,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this study and in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FCB3FC512B5DFC5B" author="Boissin, E. & Hoareau, T. B. & Postaire, B. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F." box="[825,1057,942,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2104 - 2117" refId="ref26525" refString="Boissin, E., Hoareau, T. B., Postaire, B. Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F. (2018) Cryptic diversity, low connectivity and suspected human-mediated dispersal among 17 widespread Indo-Pacific hydroid species of the south-western Indian Ocean. Journal of Biogeography, 45 (9), 2104 - 2117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13388" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Boissin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FC1EFC502CBAFC5A" box="[916,966,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF4DFC2D2C92FAEB" blockId="15.[151,1437,762,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The present material matches the typical ecology and distinctive “white blue opalescent coloration of the top of the hydranths”, documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FE70FC092CD7FB82" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[506,939,1014,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche (1996: 169)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC2FFB7FB0DFC092A48FB82" box="[1159,1332,1014,1040]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Reunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FAB4FC092ED1FBA7" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FE5EFBE42D53FBA6" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[468,559,1050,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FE5EFBE42D53FBA6" box="[468,559,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) discussed its reproduction, although based on mixed specimens of this species with Brazilian counterparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FE64FBC02D36FBCA" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[494,586,1086,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FE64FBC02D36FBCA" box="[494,586,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The authors appear not to have undertaken a morphological comparison of the colonies from the two localities
|
||
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC2FFB7FDA8FB9D2D56FBE2" attach="left" box="[546,554,1122,1136]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</superScript>
|
||
, although a thorough description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FC48FB9C2B62FBEE" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[962,1054,1122,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FC48FB9C2B62FBEE" box="[962,1054,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC2FFB7FBE9FB9D2BDBFBEE" box="[1123,1191,1122,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
was published earlier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FF15FB792E15FB32" author="Migotto, A. E." box="[159,361,1158,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref31131" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996: 36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7H–I). Differences in the “shape and size of the corpuscles” of the medusoid were noted, and it was concluded that “we are not dealing with one widespread or nearly circumtropical species, but rather with two or more sibling species” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FE60FB312CE4FB7B" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[490,920,1230,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000: 213</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, there could be additional, though unstated, differences between their material and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FCEBFB0C2CC3FA9E" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[865,959,1266,1292]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FCEBFB0C2CC3FA9E" box="[865,959,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FBEBFB0D2A6BFA9E" author="Bouillon, J." box="[1121,1303,1266,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="71 - 80" refId="ref26676" refString="Bouillon, J. (1986) Nemalecium gen. nov., genre nouveau de Haleciidae (Thecata-Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Indo- Malayan Zoology, 3 (1), 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="1986">Bouillon (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FAD8FB0D2F9EFAA3" author="Calder, D. R." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref26879" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC2FFB7FF68FAE92F96FAB6" attach="none" box="[226,234,1302,1316]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</superScript>
|
||
, and the authors decided not to name the species “until thoroughly morphological comparisons are not [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FAFEFAE82AEFFAA2" box="[1396,1427,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] undertaken” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FEA5FAC52DA6FAC7" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[303,730,1338,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000: 208</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present material from Bali allowed us to characterize the hydroid morphologically and genetically, and to assign to it a specific name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF4DFA7D2CB8F972" blockId="15.[151,1437,762,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Fertile colonies were found during the warm season (from November to February) of the southern hemisphere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FF15FA592D3FFA53" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[159,579,1446,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche 1996: 174</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and they were either mono- or dioecious (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FBADFA592FB9FA77" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000: 208</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The gonothecae are reportedly borne on both the hydrorhiza and stem internodes, and are broadly conical (with smooth to slightly undulated walls), tapering basally, distally being wide and truncate
|
||
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC2FFB7FB30FA112BBEFA6E" attach="left" box="[1210,1218,1518,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</superScript>
|
||
. The gonophore is a medusoid; the males are ovoid, while the females are almost rounded; the origin of the manubrium is slightly eccentrically-placed, and it does not open distally into a mouth, being encircled by a compact mass of gametes occupying the whole subumbrellar cavity; there are no canal system and sense organs, except for a belt of refringent corpuscles around the aperture, the latter being closed by a velum. The gonophores are released at dawn, or when the colonies are left in the dark. Unfortunately,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FDF6F95D2C86F92F" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[636,1018,1698,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not state whether the illustrations provided in their fig. 2 represent French or Brazilian specimens, or both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E817FB74FFC2FFB7FF1DF8972B1EF869" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF1DF8972D73F82C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1896,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
4 “[…] material from different localities should be morphologically compared, taking into account the whole characters of the skeleton and of the coenosarc (hydranth, gonangium, medusoid), and a detailed study of the nematocysts” [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FACEF8782D79F82C" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto (2000: 213)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF1DF83B2A75F84E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1896,2043]" box="[151,1289,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
5
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FF4DF83B2ED0F84E" author="Galea, H. R. & Ferry, R. & Bertot, J. M." box="[199,428,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref28847" refString="Galea, H. R., Ferry, R. & Bertot, J. M. (2012) Medusoids in the life cycle of Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900) and Nemalecium gracile sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, 3527, 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3527.1.3" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Galea
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FE83F83A2E49F84E" box="[265,309,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012: 48)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expressed the view that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC2FFB7FD2CF83B2C39F84E" author="Calder, D. R." box="[678,837,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref26879" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder’s (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material is conspecific with their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC2FFB7FB17F83A2A7FF84E" box="[1181,1283,1988,2012]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC2FFB7FB17F83A2A7FF84E" box="[1181,1283,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC2FFB7FF1DF81C2B1EF869" blockId="15.[151,1436,1896,2043]" box="[151,1122,2019,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6 It is unclear whether this description was based on merged observations of the two species.</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFDDFFA8FF1DF9242D33F8F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842960/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1755,1779]" targetBox="[155,1428,188,1728]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFDDFFA8FF1DF9242D33F8F2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1755,1888]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FF1DF9242E60F966" bold="true" box="[151,284,1755,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDDFFA8FEA6F9232D69F966" authority="Galea & Maggioni, 2024" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[300,533,1756,1780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FEA6F9232D69F966" box="[300,533,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nemalecium caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FDAFF9232DE8F961" bold="true" box="[549,660,1755,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B8613FFDDFFA8FDAFF9232D04F966" box="[549,632,1756,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal portion of a stem with two hydranths.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FBF5F9232B8BF966" bold="true" box="[1151,1271,1756,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B–H, M–R</emphasis>
|
||
. Various stems, to show mode of branching, and counterparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDDFFA8FD10F8FF2C43F885" box="[666,831,1792,1816]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FD10F8FF2C65F88A" box="[666,793,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(I–L).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDDFFA8FC07F9002CC6F885" bold="true" box="[909,954,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S–U</emphasis>
|
||
. Detailed view of the mode of branching and hydrothecae. From specimens MSNMCoe367 (B–G), additional unregistered colonies (A, M–U), and MSNMCoe369 (I–L). Scale bars: S–U = 200 µm; A–R = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFDCFFA9FF1DFDF12B16FDD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842964/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,250,526,550]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,502]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFDCFFA9FF1DFDF12B16FDD9" blockId="17.[151,1436,526,587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FF1DFDF12E65FDB4" bold="true" box="[151,281,526,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
|
||
. Cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FE29FDF12DF5FDB4" authority="Galea & Maggioni, 2024" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[419,649,526,550]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FE29FDF12DF5FDB4" box="[419,649,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nemalecium caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FD1CFDF12D83FDB4" bold="true" box="[662,767,526,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B8613FFDCFFA9FD1CFDF12D9AFDB4" box="[662,742,526,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Pseudostenotele.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FC31FDF12CB0FDB4" bold="true" box="[955,972,526,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Banana-shaped microbasic mastigophore.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FA0EFDF12AEAFDB4" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,526,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Large, ovoid microbasic heteroneme.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FD9DFDCD2D55FDD8" bold="true" box="[535,553,562,586]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Small, ovoid microbasic heteroneme. Scale bar: 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFDCFFA9FF4DFD622C25FCB1" blockId="17.[151,1437,668,1091]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In colonies from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FE1BFD632D3DFD24" box="[401,577,668,694]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Reunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the hydroid coexisted with unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FB10FD632A64FD24" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1178,1304,668,694]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FB10FD632A64FD24" box="[1178,1304,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FADFFD622AE1FD25" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1843" box="[1365,1437,669,695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FADFFD622AE1FD25" box="[1365,1437,669,695]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sarsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“either at the same time or alternately” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FDEAFD3F2CADFD48" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[608,977,704,731]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although only a few sterile polyps of a corynid were noted to occur among the colonies from Bali. No propagulae were observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FB17FD1A2B9FFD6C" box="[1181,1251,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
so far, although they were produced
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FEF1FCF62EB0FCB0" box="[379,460,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">in vitro</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FE50FCF72C31FCB1" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[474,845,776,803]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFDCFFA9FF4DFCD22B96FCD4" box="[199,1258,812,839]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFDCFFA9FF4DFCD22B96FCD4" blockId="17.[151,1437,668,1091]" box="[199,1258,812,839]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FF4DFCD22E34FCD5" bold="true" box="[199,328,813,839]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FD8FFCD32D16FCD4" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[517,618,812,838]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FD8FFCD32D16FCD4" box="[517,618,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">caerŭlĕus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FDF2FCD22DF3FCD4" box="[632,655,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">-a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FD14FCD22DB5FCD4" box="[670,713,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">-um</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning (sky) blue, to describe its color in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFDCFFA9FF4DFCAF2A63FBD0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFDCFFA9FF4DFCAF2A63FBD0" blockId="17.[151,1437,668,1091]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FF4DFCAF2E25FCF8" bold="true" box="[199,345,848,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on ecological preferences and visual appearance, the hydroid is scientifically documented from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FF59FC8B2E07FC1C" box="[211,379,884,910]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Reunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FE03FC8B2D8DFC1C" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[393,753,884,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref29530" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices of a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FD71FC8B2B1BFC1D" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E." box="[763,1127,884,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref29469" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Migotto, A. E. (2000) Gonangium development and medusoid of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1207" type="journal article" year="2000">Gravier-Bonnet & Migotto 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; both as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FB4EFC8A2A62FC1C" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1220,1310,884,910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FB4EFC8A2A62FC1C" box="[1220,1310,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. lighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FABEFC8B2AE0FC1C" box="[1332,1436,884,910]" name="Maldives" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FF15FC672D5AFC21" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F." box="[159,550,920,947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="85 - 124" refId="ref29423" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C. A. F. (2012) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Baa Atoll (Indian Ocean, Maldives Archipelago). Atoll Research Bulletin, 590 (4), 85 - 124." type="journal article" year="2012">Gravier-Bonnet & Bourmaud 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FDC6FC672C72FC21" box="[588,782,920,947]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FDC6FC672DA4FC20" box="[588,728,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FCC6FC672CC5FC20" box="[844,953,920,946]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFDCFFA9FC4CFC672BC2FC21" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Bavestrello, G. & Valisano, L. & Puce, S." box="[966,1214,920,947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref27801" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Bavestrello, G., Valisano, L. & Puce, S. (2008) Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (8), 1589 - 1599. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315408002981" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FBC2FC662B0BFC20" box="[1096,1143,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FB69FC672AEBFC21" box="[1251,1431,920,947]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FB69FC672A13FC20" box="[1251,1391,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; present study). However, at present, only the material from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFDCFFA9FCA0FC432C25FC44" box="[810,857,956,982]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
can be unambiguously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FB6BFC422A12FC44" authorityName="Galea & Maggioni" authorityYear="2024" box="[1249,1390,956,982]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FB6BFC422A12FC44" box="[1249,1390,956,982]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other distributional records should be confirmed through molecular analyses. Additionally, photographic evidence from iNaturalist.org shows similar specimens (mainly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFDCFFA9FC0DFBFB2B46FB8D" box="[903,1082,1028,1055]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFDCFFA9FC0DFBFB2B6FFB8C" box="[903,1043,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nemalecium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FB0CFBFB2BBEFB8C" box="[1158,1218,1028,1054]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Christmas Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FF1DFBD72F90FBD0" box="[151,236,1064,1090]" name="Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FED5FBD62EDEFBD1" box="[351,418,1065,1091]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FE26FBD62D20FBD0" box="[428,604,1064,1091]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFDCFFA9FDE2FBD72DF3FBD0" box="[616,655,1064,1090]" name="Fiji" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hawaii, whose specific identities need to be assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |