234 lines
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234 lines
29 KiB
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<mods:title id="DF58C2F6CB12BBEC7443D789FF947B94">A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra O Loughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="A44B72AB29CF19ED1F2268308AAAB058">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FF0DFE55D90EFE52" ID-CoL="5W2G5" authority="(Livingstone, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[140,589,432,454]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">
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<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DFE55DAC2FE51" bold="true" box="[140,385,432,454]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Aquilonastra scobinata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FE0EFE55D905FE52" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[399,582,432,454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref28677" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19: 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF0DFE38DA6DFE64" blockId="26.[140,302,477,499]" box="[140,302,477,499]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
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<figureCitation id="E0ACD9FF5D74FFD0FF0DFE38DBA9FE65" box="[140,234,477,499]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[140,199,1883,1902]" captionTargetBox="[140,1440,948,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-349@4.[136,1443,944,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Indo-west Pacific distribution of type localities for the species of Aquilonastra OʼLoughlin." pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E0ACD9FF5D74FFD0FF77FE38DA48FE64" box="[246,267,477,499]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[140,200,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[148,1432,237,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[140,1442,227,1615]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Photos of live colour and form of Aquilonastra species. a, A. doranae sp. nov., Japan, Okinawa (UF 3913, holotype; photo G. Paulay); b, A. halseyae sp. nov., Indian Ocean, Maldive Is. (photo N. Coleman); c, A. marshae sp. nov., Red Sea, Egypt (photo J. Hinterkircher); d, A. minor (Hayashi), Japan, Honshu, Hiroshima, Takehara (NSMT E–4102; photo T. Fujita, see Fujita and Saba, 2000); e, A. oharai sp. nov., Japan, Okinawa (photo G. Paulay); f, A. rosea (H.L. Clark), WA, Ludlow (photo N. Coleman); g, A. samyni sp. nov., SE Africa, Sodwana Bay (photo Y. Samyn); h, A. samyni sp. nov., Oman (photo G. Paulay); i, A. scobinata (Livingstone), Victoria (photo L. Altoff); j, A. watersi sp. nov., Oman (photo G.Paulay);k, unidentified Aquilonastra fissiparous species, Indian Ocean,Seychelles Is. (photo N.Coleman); l, unidentified Aquilonastra fissiparous species, Seychelles Is., La Digue I. (photo M. Richmond)." pageId="26" pageNumber="283">3i</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E0ACD9FF5D74FFD0FE94FE38DA6DFE64" box="[277,302,477,499]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[147,205,1631,1650]" captionTargetBox="[155,1438,240,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[147,1448,227,1615]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Photos of Aquilonastra species. a, A. limboonkengi (Smith), China, Amoy, spines (NHM 1926.12.22.35–36, syntype); b, A. lorioli (Koehler), Bombay, atypically two conspicuous madreporites, not fissiparous (R = 22 mm; NHM 1960.10.4.11–16); c, A.lorioli (Koehler), Pakistan, Karachi, spinelets (MNHN EcAs2662, syntype); d, A. marshae sp. nov., Red Sea, Egypt, spinelets (R = 13 mm; NMV F109382); e, A. marshae sp. nov., Red Sea, marginal spinelets (TM H1814); f, A. richmondi sp. nov., SE Africa, Sodwana Bay, spinelets (MRAC 1737); g, A. richmondi sp. nov., SE Africa, Sodwana Bay, distal interradial overlapping spinelets (R = 23 mm; MRAC 1737); h, A. rosea (H.L. Clark), WA, Jurien Bay, circular paxilliform spinelet clusters (R = 7 mm; WAM Z31162); i, A. rowleyi sp. nov., abactinal view (MRAC 1736, holotype, partly dissected, R = 23 mm); j, A. samyni sp. nov., SE Africa, Sodwana Bay, marginal spinelets (MRAC 1741); k, A. scobinata (Livingstone), Tasmania, Tamar R. mouth, crescentiform paxilliform spinelet clusters (R = 14 mm; NMV F112176); l, A. watersi sp. nov., Arabian Sea, Oman, spinelets and pedicellaria (arrow) (R = 15 mm; partly cleared paratype UF 3283).v" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">6k</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="308D96F15D74FFD0FF33FDEDD90CFD67" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF33FDEDD979FD8C" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[178,570,520,539]" page="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1933">
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<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FF33FDEDD979FD8C" ID-CoL="HSV3" authority="Livingstone, 1933: 1 - 2" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityPageNumber="1 - 2" authorityYear="1933" box="[178,570,520,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">
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<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF33FDEDDA23FD8C" box="[178,352,520,539]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Asterina scobinata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FEE6FDEDD979FD8C" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[359,570,520,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref28677" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19: 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone, 1933: 1–2</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5 figs 9–12, 15.— H.L.
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF3CFDC6DAC0FDA1" author="Clark, H. L." box="[189,387,547,566]" page="149" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FF3CFDC6DAC0FDA1" author="Clark, H. L." box="[189,387,547,566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref27050" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark, 1938: 149–150</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FE1CFDC6D983FDA1" author="Cotton, B. C. & Godfrey, F. K." box="[413,704,547,566]" page="201" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1942">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FE1CFDC6D983FDA1" author="Cotton, B. C. & Godfrey, F. K." box="[413,704,547,566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="193 - 234" refId="ref27125" refString="Cotton, B. C. and Godfrey, F. K. 1942. Echinodermata of the Flindersian Region, southern Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 7 (2): 193 - 234, 1 pl .." type="journal article" year="1942">Cotton and Godfrey, 1942: 201</bibRefCitation>
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.—H.L.
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF0DFDD8DA68FDC7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[140,299,573,592]" page="132" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1946">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FF0DFDD8DA68FDC7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[140,299,573,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 567" refId="ref27094" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1946">Clark, 1946: 132</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FEC7FDD8DAB0FDC7" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[326,499,573,592]" page="55" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FEC7FDD8DAB0FDC7" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[326,499,573,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref27167" refString="Dartnall, A. J. 1969. New Zealand sea-stars in Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 103: 53 - 55, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1969">Dartnall, 1969: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FD8FFDD8D986FDC7" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[526,709,573,592]" page="73" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FD8FFDD8D986FDC7" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[526,709,573,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref27199" refString="Dartnall, A. J. 1970 a. The asterinid sea stars of Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 73 - 77, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1970">Dartnall, 1970a: 73</bibRefCitation>
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, 76.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF0DFDBDDA23FDFC" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[140,352,600,619]" page="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FF0DFDBDDA23FDFC" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[140,352,600,619]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="19 - 22" refId="ref27233" refString="Dartnall, A. J. 1970 b. Some species of Asterina from Flinders, Victoria. The Victorian Naturalist 87 (1): 19 - 22, figs 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1970">Dartnall, 1970b: 19–20</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1, 2.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FE4BFDBDD926FDFC" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[458,613,600,619]" page="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FE4BFDBDD926FDFC" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[458,613,600,619]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" refId="ref27268" refString="Dartnall, A. J. 1980. Fauna of Tasmania Handbook 3. Tasmanian echinoderms. University of Tasmania: Hobart. 82 pp., 36 figs, 5 pls, 18 maps." type="book" year="1980">Dartnall, 1980: 8</bibRefCitation>
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, 34, 66.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FD41FDBDDA33FD11" author="Zeidler, W. & Shepherd, S. A." page="412" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FD41FDBDDA33FD11" author="Zeidler, W. & Shepherd, S. A." pageId="26" pageNumber="283" refId="ref30392" refString="Zeidler, W. and Shepherd, S. A. 1982. Sea-stars (class Asteroidea). Pp. 400 - 418, figs 10.3 - 10.9, pl. 30 (2) in: Shepherd, S. A. and Thomas, I. M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Part 1. South Australian Government Printer: Adelaide." type="book" year="1982">Zeidler and Shepherd, 1982: 412</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.
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<geoCoordinate id="1DA3A3BD5D74FFD0FE1CFD96DA8EFD11" box="[413,461,627,646]" degrees="10.6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" precision="5555" value="10.6">10.6e</geoCoordinate>
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.—OʼLoughlin, 1984: 134.—A.M.
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF0DFD68DA65FD37" author="Clark, A. M." box="[140,294,653,672]" page="213" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FF0DFD68DA65FD37" author="Clark, A. M." box="[140,294,653,672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref26714" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 213</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FEC1FD68D971FD37" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[320,562,653,672]" page="35" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FEC1FD68D971FD37" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[320,562,653,672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref29591" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33: i - xiii, 1 - 510. CSIRO: Melbourne." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe and Gates, 1995: 35</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FDCDFD68DBECFD2C" author="Waters, J. M. & Roy, M. S." page="873" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FDCDFD68DBECFD2C" author="Waters, J. M. & Roy, M. S." pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref30343" refString="Waters, J. M., OʼLoughlin, P. M. and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al., 2004: 873</bibRefCitation>
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, 876, figs 1, 2.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FF33FD27DAC9FD42" ID-CoL="5W2G5" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[178,394,706,725]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">
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<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF33FD27DAC9FD42" box="[178,394,706,725]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Aquilonastra scobinata</emphasis>
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.—OʼLoughlin and Waters, 2004: 11, 13– 14, fig. 1.—
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<treatmentCitation id="F936E36B5D74FFD0FF70FD38DAD0FD67" author="Byrne, M." box="[241,403,733,752]" page="245" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FF70FD38DAD0FD67" author="Byrne, M." box="[241,403,733,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="243 - 254" refId="ref26423" refString="Byrne, M. 2006. Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae. Integrative and Comparative Biology 46 (3): 243 - 254." type="journal article" year="2006">Byrne, 2006: 245</bibRefCitation>
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, 248, tbls 1, 2, fig. 1.
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<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DFCE2DA01FC8D" box="[140,322,775,794]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C8FFCF275D74FFD0FEC7FCE2D92EFC8D" box="[326,621,775,794]" collectionCode="AM" location="Tasmania" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="J1241" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="A72C7BD85D74FFD0FEC7FCE2DADEFC8D" box="[326,413,775,794]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BA530B985D74FFD0FE27FCE2D943FC8D" box="[422,512,775,794]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1E865DBF5D74FFD0FD88FCE2D96DFC8D" box="[521,558,775,794]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="28316D015D74FFD0FDB2FCE2D92BFC8D" box="[563,616,775,794]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">J1241</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF33FCC4D998FC43" blockId="26.[140,771,775,980]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
Other material. Tas., Port Arthur,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FE72FCC4D92DFCA3" box="[499,622,801,821]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1968-11-25">25 Nov 1968</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1E865DBF5D74FFD0FDFBFCC7D9F3FCA2" box="[634,688,802,821]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F112178 (2); Eaglehawk Neck, J9060 (3); Tamar R. mouth, North Head,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FD47FCD9DBF9FCFE" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1978-10-28">28 Oct 1978</date>
|
||
, F112176 (1); King I.,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FE02FCB3DABBFCFE" box="[387,504,854,874]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1980-03-10">10 Mar 1980</date>
|
||
, F112177 (1); Vic., Inverloch,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FF0DFC94DA43FC13" box="[140,256,881,900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1981-03-28">28 Mar 1981</date>
|
||
, F72975 (1); Point Leo,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FE5DFC94D90DFC13" box="[476,590,881,900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1935-04-20">20 Apr 1935</date>
|
||
, F58683 (1); Phillip I.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1E865DBF5D74FFD0FF24FC69DB98FC08" box="[165,219,908,927]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F72998 (1); Flinders ocean platforms,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FDC5FC69D9EEFC08" box="[580,685,908,927]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1994-09-07">7 Sep 1994</date>
|
||
, F112180 (3);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BA530B985D74FFD0FF31FC43DB9CFC2E" box="[176,223,934,953]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Otway,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FEA9FC43DACEFC2E" box="[296,397,934,953]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1983-04-03">3 Apr 1983</date>
|
||
, F58682 (2); Killarney, F72997 (10); Port Fairy, F72985 (2); SA, Port MacDonnell,
|
||
<date id="0C29E3BA5D74FFD0FD87FC24D925FC43" box="[518,614,961,980]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" value="1988-01-08">8 Jan 1988</date>
|
||
F112179 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF0DFC0EDAA4FBC0" blockId="26.[140,771,1003,1599]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DFC0EDBB0FB97" box="[140,243,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-fissiparous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FE24FC0ED93DFB96" box="[421,638,1003,1025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FE24FC0ED968FB97" box="[421,555,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; rays 5, wide basally, tapered, narrowly rounded distally, up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="BF6F689F5D74FFD0FD29FBEDD9B3FB8A" box="[680,752,1032,1053]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="BF6F689F5D74FFD0FF22FBC1DBA0FBAD" box="[163,227,1060,1082]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; form frequently asymmetrical with one ray shorter; actinal gonopores, hermaphrodite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF33FBBBDAF5FA7E" blockId="26.[140,771,1003,1599]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
At R =
|
||
<quantity id="BF6F689F5D74FFD0FF7BFBBBDA01FBE4" box="[250,322,1118,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="BF6F689F5D74FFD0FEEDFBBBDAEAFBE4" box="[364,425,1118,1139]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, proximal ray with zig-zag carinal series of singly papulate plates, bordered laterally by subequal non-papulate plates; singly papulate plates in longitudinal series along sides of rays; papulate plates not notched, slightly crescentiform, non-papulate plates round to oval to irregular; rarely 2 papulae per space; secondary plates rare; disc small, variably delineated by 5 long radial 5 short interradial plates; spinelets elongate, thin, pencil-like, splay-pointed sacciform; up to more than 30 per plate, in splayed tuft or crescentiform straight band across plate; superomarginal and inferomarginal plates subequal, in regular series; superomarginal plates with up to about 10 pencil-like splay-pointed spinelets; inferomarginal plates with up to about 20 paxilliform similar spinelets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF33FA15D971F9A8" blockId="26.[140,771,1003,1599]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Spines per actinal plate up to: oral 7; suboral 6; furrow 6; subambulacral 6; actinal interradial 7; interradial spines long, rugose, digitiform, some pointed distally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF0DF9B0D95CF910" blockId="26.[140,771,1621,1672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DF9B0DA50F9FD" box="[140,275,1621,1642]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Colour (live)</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark brown to greyish-brown to cream, with some dark flecking (OʼLoughlin, 1984).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF0DF978DA80F97A" blockId="26.[140,771,1693,1773]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DF978DA52F925" box="[140,273,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tas., Bass Strait,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BA530B985D74FFD0FE5FF97BD951F924" box="[478,530,1694,1715]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Conran (eastern Vic.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1E865DBF5D74FFD0FF0DF95EDB8BF947" box="[140,200,1723,1744]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
collections) to Port MacDonnell (
|
||
<collectionCode id="1E865DBF5D74FFD0FDC6F95FD929F958" box="[583,618,1722,1743]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
); rocky lower littoral and shallow sublittoral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FF0DF8E6DFA9FEC6" blockId="26.[140,771,1795,1903]" lastBlockId="26.[808,1439,229,422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DF8E6DBA6F88F" box="[140,229,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FE80F8E6DAD2F88F" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[257,401,1795,1816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FE80F8E6DAD2F88F" box="[257,401,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">A. scobinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provisionally maintained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FF0DF8FADA51F8A3" authorityName="O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters" authorityYear="2004" box="[140,274,1823,1844]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FF0DF8FADA51F8A3" box="[140,274,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the arrangement of abactinal plates and papulae, the presence of internal superambulacral plates, and the arrangement of actinal plates. The paxilliform tufts of long thin pencil-like abactinal spinelets and actinal spines, and high numbers of spinelets and spines per plate, are atypical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FCA9FEFBD8EDFEA4" authorityName="O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters" authorityYear="2004" box="[808,942,286,307]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FCA9FEFBD8EDFEA4" box="[808,942,286,307]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Aquilonastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphological similarities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FB69FEFADE2AFEA4" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1256,1385,286,308]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FB69FEFADE2AFEA4" box="[1256,1385,286,308]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">A. scobinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FA09FEFAD823FEC7" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosea">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FA09FEFAD823FEC7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">A. rosea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF97BEF95D74FFD0FC10FEDED8BAFEC7" authorityName="O" authorityYear="2006" box="[913,1017,315,336]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rowleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AE319685D74FFD0FC10FEDED8BAFEC7" box="[913,1017,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">A. rowleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been noted above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7828C57A5D74FFD0FCCFFEB2DE3FFE31" blockId="26.[808,1439,229,422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C06B88B5D74FFD0FCCFFEB2DF48FEFA" author="Dartnall, A. J." box="[846,1035,343,365]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" pagination="19 - 22" refId="ref27233" refString="Dartnall, A. J. 1970 b. Some species of Asterina from Flinders, Victoria. The Victorian Naturalist 87 (1): 19 - 22, figs 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1970">Dartnall (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported actinal gonopores and hermpahrodite reproduction. Mieko Komatsu (pers. comm.) confirmed that a specimen (F112180) was hermaphroditic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |