182 lines
22 KiB
XML
182 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="D07A651D1A31B80FF60B32056FBA61B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="63562" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6603219" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a11bab00-29d1-4781-88c0-003861873d21" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603219" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654090699889" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="7347878F8F313E42FA77F778FA8FF3FD" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Erethizontidae_0372.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Coendou prehensilis Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="376" masterDocId="8F7EFFF78F323E46FFC9FB22FFAAFFC5" masterDocTitle="Erethizontidae" masterLastPageNumber="397" masterPageNumber="372" pageNumber="375" updateTime="1699338562361" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D4F9B64EEA0FBE7B2F424776962FBE7F">
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<mods:title id="77D4CA726ABC884D34DE9F62662EDB54">Erethizontidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="96DBBE8D42BFF3291980AC7319A62C48" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="09A864404DA773A40C2505643A0B27E6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8D0975EDA39BEC45ECD1EDAF2D5683F">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FDE69BE1F62C9334A83AA0F6326AB827" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FE67087C0115049E95A27EDBF8F2A11">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A967F5F0EDC71E3E4DF443D0CA5101E8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5D8935531CEB73D25D63C18AA1E18CFA">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4076CAE1063BD0069459EA28E9284B25" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="7E866E3499C1F53CB1CBA6B1DB45A158">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="3B94C438F898631C7BEE783B46B0C96A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="31338E137F1E2D01B561AC9BDBE32E21">
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<mods:title id="DF0AE95DA47A1A79ECFA02B8709881AB">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="EAC341FDF99292226C021E4644519072">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="7347878F8F313E42FA77F778FA8FF3FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195729098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7347878F8F313E42FA77F778FA8FF3FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7347878F8F313E42FA77F778FA8FF3FD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45FA77F778FA77F34D" box="[1470,1501,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45FA77F778FA77F34D" blockId="3.[1467,2456,3162,3290]" box="[1470,1501,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<heading id="A01981F58F313E45FA77F778FA77F34D" box="[1470,1501,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<figureCitation id="63D52A1C8F313E45FA77F778FA77F34D" box="[1470,1501,3162,3208]" captionStart="Plate 23: Erethizontidae" captionStartId="2.[100,130,3339,3360]" captionTargetBox="[13,2734,16,3644]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Broomstraw-spined Porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), 2. North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), 3. Brazilian Porcupine (Coendou prehensilis), 4. Mexican Hairy Porcupine (Coendou mexicanus), 5. Stump-tailed Porcupine (Coendou rufescens), 6. Quichua Porcupine (Coendou quichua), 7. Bicolor-spined Porcupine (Coendou bicolor), 8. Eastern Amazonian Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou nycthemera), 9. Paraguayan Hairy Dwart Porcupine (Coendou spinosus), 10. Bahian Hairy Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou insidiosus), 11. Pernambuco Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou speratus), 12. Baturite Porcupine (Coendou baturitensis), 13. Blackish Hairy Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou vestitus), 14. Frosted Porcupine (Coendou pruinosus), 15. Western Amazonian Dwarf Porcupine (Coendow ichillus), 16. Roosmalen’s Porcupine (Coendou roosmalenorum), 17. Black-tailed Porcupine (Coendou melanurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603304/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45FA27F778F826F34D" box="[1518,1932,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45FA27F778F826F34D" blockId="3.[1467,2456,3162,3290]" box="[1518,1932,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<heading id="A01981F58F313E45FA27F778F826F34D" box="[1518,1932,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F313E45FA27F778F826F34D" box="[1518,1932,3162,3208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Brazilian Porcupine</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45F80DF779F699F34C" box="[1988,2355,3163,3209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45F80DF779F699F34C" blockId="3.[1467,2456,3162,3290]" box="[1988,2355,3163,3209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<heading id="A01981F58F313E45F80DF779F699F34C" box="[1988,2355,3163,3209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F313E45F80DF779F699F34C" ID-CoL="WTYV" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1988,2355,3163,3209]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45F80DF779F699F34C" box="[1988,2355,3163,3209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45FA74F7B9F861F313" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45FA74F7B9F632F375" blockId="3.[1467,2456,3162,3290]" box="[1469,2456,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<heading id="A01981F58F313E45FA74F7B9F632F375" box="[1469,2456,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45FA74F7B9F9A2F375" bold="true" box="[1469,1544,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F313E45F9D8F7B9F962F375" box="[1553,1736,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Coendou du Brésil</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45F917F7B9F892F375" bold="true" box="[1758,1848,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F313E45F88BF7B9F797F375" box="[1858,2109,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Eigentlicher Greifstachler</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45F798F7B9F706F375" bold="true" box="[2129,2220,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F313E45F77FF7B9F632F375" box="[2230,2456,3227,3248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Puercoespin arboricola</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45FA75F7E3F861F313" blockId="3.[1467,2456,3162,3290]" box="[1468,1995,3265,3286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<heading id="A01981F58F313E45FA75F7E3F861F313" box="[1468,1995,3265,3286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45FA75F7E3F919F313" bold="true" box="[1468,1715,3265,3286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F313E45F974F7E3F861F313" box="[1725,1995,3265,3286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Prehensile-tailed Porcupine</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45FA72F626F784F2E0" box="[1467,2094,3332,3365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45FA72F626F784F2E0" blockId="3.[1465,2672,3332,3491]" box="[1467,2094,3332,3365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F313E45FA72F626F9FCF2E0" bold="true" box="[1467,1622,3332,3365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F313E45F9AAF626F783F2E0" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1635,2089,3332,3365]" class="Mammalia" family="Hystricidae" genus="Hystrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F313E45F7F3F626F91DF25E" pageId="3" pageNumber="375" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F313E45F7F3F626F91DF25E" blockId="3.[1465,2672,3332,3491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">
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<materialsCitation id="4B863CC48F313E45F7F3F626F91DF25E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802853314" pageId="3" pageNumber="375">“Habitat in Asia, America.” Restricted by Y. L. R. Leite and colleagues in 2011 to “Mata Xangua, Usina Trapiche, municipality of Sirthaém, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, 8°38’50” S, 35°10°15” W, elevation 100 m” by neotype selection.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FD04FA09FAABFCB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FD04FA09FAABFCB4" blockId="4.[714,1310,299,722]" lastBlockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FD04FA09FC78FE8D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[717,978,299,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">Coendou prehensilis</taxonomicName>
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appears to be most closely related to a clade of trans-Andean and Andean species including C. mexicanus,
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FCE5FA84FC10FE7A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1899" box="[812,954,422,447]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quichua">C. quichua</taxonomicName>
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, and C. rufescens. Several publications on molecular phylogenetics used sequence data from a
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FBB8FACEFAB7FDC8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1137,1309,492,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">C. prehensilis</taxonomicName>
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specimen misidentified as a
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FB96F936FB7FFDF0" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1844" box="[1119,1237,532,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">C. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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, calling earlier results into question.
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FB78F919FCE4FD46" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">Coendou prehensilis</taxonomicName>
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is monotypic, has a very large geographical distribution, and although there is very little genetic variation among specimens from northern South America, Amazonia, and the “cerrado” (bush savanna) biome, genetic divergence was apparent in samples from Pernambuco. Further molecular data are required to help discern whether or not the newly discovered C. baturitensis actually belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FE3EF872FD37FCB4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[503,669,848,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">C. prehensilis</taxonomicName>
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, given that phenotypes overlap. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA0F85EFEA6FBD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="distribution">
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<caption id="AF9166118F363E42FFA0F85EFEA6FBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603230/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" targetBox="[100,690,307,720]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA0F85EFEA6FBD4" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA0F85EFEB3FC5C" bold="true" box="[105,281,892,921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From most of Colombia (except W), Venezuela, and the Guianas, S throughout most of the forested cis-Andean lowlands of Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil to E Bolivia, N & E Paraguay, and NW Argentina, also on Trinidad [; it may also be found in Uruguay.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA3FF3BFC79F939" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA3FF3BFC79F939" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA3FF3BFECFFBF3" bold="true" box="[106,357,1049,1078]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 444-560 mm, tail 330-578 mm, ear 20-29 mm, hindfoot 80-95 mm; weight 3.2-5.3 kg. The Brazilian Porcupine is large,salt-and-pepper in appearance, and has a long tail. It lacks emergent fur and thus appears spiny. Dorsum, including rump, is covered in bicolored and tricolored barbed defensive spines. Longest dorsal spines (60-110 mm) are tricolored white or pale yellow at bases and tips, with black or dark brown centers, and colors are of about equal length on each spine. Head is round, and face usually white. Pink nose and lips are large, soft, and bulbous; nasal aperture is very wide. Small ears are inconspicuous among sharp, short spines on head. Mystacial vibrissae are stout and long, reaching shoulders. Eyes are small and black, with faint dull red-eye shines. Frontal sinuses of the Brazilian Porcupine are highly inflated, external auditory meatus is weakly keeled, and upperincisors are distinctly procumbent. Tail is long; tail length is 100% of head-body length. Robust tail is dorsally prehensile, distal one-third of dorsalside is naked, remainderis covered in short spines, and it is whitish at the base. Tail is often held curled around branches in an up-curling coil. Venter is covered with short, pale gray-brown or whitish soft spines. Short spines cover legs. Feet are broad with large pads opposing four long, strong claws and appear gray-brown above. Young Brazilian Porcupines are born with long, soft red-brown or brown hair that partially covers spines. Individuals from the Peruvian Basin may appear darker, with small white tips on their spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA4FC20FC87F8B6" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA4FC20FC87F8B6" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA4FC20FF76F8E6" bold="true" box="[109,220,1794,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Old second growth or particularly vine-covered areas of lowland rainforest or tropical dry forests and riparian woodlands in savanna landscapes. Brazilian Porcupines are usually found in midto upper canopies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA4FCA3FEB8F82F" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA4FCA3FEB8F82F" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA4FCA3FED0F85F" bold="true" box="[109,378,1921,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Brazilian Porcupine eats fruit, immature seeds, buds, bark, green or ripe fruits, and some leaves, butit is less folivorous than smaller New World porcupines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA7FCCCFD14F713" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA7FCCCFD14F713" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA7FCCCFF5EF7CA" bold="true" box="[110,244,2030,2063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In captivity, female Brazilian Porcupines give birth aseasonally to a single precocial young after 195-200 days of gestation. Periods ofrainfall can cause peaksin births. Young weigh 360-450 g at birth and are nutritionally independent at c.15 weeks after birth. During the day, young are left alone in a sheltered place but are nursed at least once per day. Age offirst reproduction of females is ¢.19 months, and individuals can reproduce for more than twelve years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA4F3F9FB6CF68E" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA4F3F9FB6CF68E" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA4F3F9FEF2F739" bold="true" box="[109,344,2267,2300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Brazilian Porcupines are arboreal and nocturnal. They are often immobile and difficult to spot. They rest diurnally in retreats in hollow trees or in shady locations in the forest subcanopy. They are surprisingly agile and climb quickly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFA6F273FBB4F539" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFA6F273FBB4F539" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFA6F273FC85F6B7" bold="true" box="[111,815,2385,2418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Brazilian Porcupines occur at relatively high densities as indicated by large numbers rescued during construction of a hydroelectric dam. In the Venezuelan Llanos, individuals have been reported to range over 15-20 ha. In one study, home ranges were 8 ha and 38 ha for two radio-tracked males and 10 ha for one female. Home ranges of males overlapped with female’s home range. Brazilian Porcupines used different sleeping sites each day. Distance between trees required some nocturnal travel on the ground. Brazilian Porcupines are solitary but socially tolerant and communicate vocally and by scent marking. Social calls include whistles and a long, low-amplitude moaning cry. Males and females rub, and males mark females with urine. Diurnal restsites include large hollow tree trunks or other cavities, and females are occasionally found with their young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFBBF025FBB7F404" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFBBF025FBB7F404" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFBBF025FE67F4E1" bold="true" box="[114,461,2823,2852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F363E42FC58F025FB9CF4E1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[913,1078,2823,2852]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">C. prehensilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and as Data Deficient (as C. sanctamartae) on The IUCN Red List. Feral dogs regularly eat Brazilian Porcupines in summerin Brazil. Presence of azole-resistant yeast fungus, Candida albicans, could indicate exposure to agricultural azole antifungals in the wild or in captivity, or exposure to environmental contaminants or chemical compounds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F363E42FFBDF0F2FA8FF3FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="376" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB5136998F363E42FFBDF0F2FA8FF3FD" blockId="4.[105,1318,738,3128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F363E42FFBDF0F2FEA6F42C" bold="true" box="[116,268,3024,3049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="376">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arita et al. (1990), Bonvicino, Penna-Firme & Braggio (2002), Campos et al. (2007), Castelo-Branco et al. (2013), Dobson & Yu Jinping (1993), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Emmons (1997a), Feijé6 & Langguth (2013), Leite et al. (2011), Miles et al. (1981), Montgomery & Lubin (1978), Vilela et al. (2009), Voss (2011, 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |