171 lines
17 KiB
XML
171 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd0d3b9c-a3ed-4dbe-8482-80b87cefa611" ID-PMC="PMC5740468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-722-137" ID-PubMed="29308033" ID-ZBK="AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-722-137" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 722" ModsDocTitle="Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species" checkinTime="1513276562789" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A." docDate="2017" docId="673E791DABB02CF56E06A8C2B474FD94" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 722: 137-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 722" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131" docTitle="Hoplothrips magnaccai Mound, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C4F3EDFE-638E-4DEC-9048-0839D3DCF4EC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="0D51FFD0FFA1FF97141CFFF5FFDEFF9B" masterDocTitle="Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1668165209758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Intra-specific structural variation among Hawaiian Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), with ten new synonymies and one new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>722</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>137</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>152</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.722.22131</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-722-137</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AFA43345E3564FE59BC0FCABE2EEB9FC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137765451" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4F3EDFE-638E-4DEC-9048-0839D3DCF4EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/673E791DABB02CF56E06A8C2B474FD94" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C4F3EDFE-638E-4DEC-9048-0839D3DCF4EC" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips magnaccai" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnaccai">Hoplothrips magnaccai</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="143">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Male microptera. Head yellowish-brown and darkest around antennal bases; fore legs yellowish-brown, prothorax and pterothorax brown, abdomen paler, tube with yellow sub-apical area; mid and hind femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="144" start="start">ish</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; antennal segment I brown, apex of II and basal half of III yellow, rest of antenna brown; major setae pale. Head slender, twice as long as width at base, with prominent lateral tubercles behind small eyes (Fig. 1); ocelli absent; postocular setae long and acute, longer than half of head width; maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, close together medially; ventrally all setae small, frons of largest male with pair of large irregular tubercles, absent in small male; mouth cone short and rounded. Antennae 8-segmented (Fig. 5); major male with segment I exceptionally long; VIII narrowed to small pedicel; 3 sense cones on III, 4 on IV, sense cone length little more than half of segment width. Pronotum massive, median longitudinal apodeme weak; anteromarginal setal pair very small, posteroangular pair unusually long in smaller male; prosternal basantra absent (Fig. 4), ferna large with median margins parallel in largest male but rounded in smaller males; mesopresternum of three weakly joined small sclerites; metathoracic sternopleural sutures present but short. Fore femora elongate, extending to apical margin of head in largest male, but not beyond mid-point of head in smaller males; fore tibia with large, broadly rounded tubercle at inner apex dorsal to the normal apical seta (Fig. 2); fore tarsal tooth as long as tarsal width. Meso and metanota transverse, metanotum without sculpture medially; fore wing lobe 50 microns long, bearing one seta. Pelta broadly D-shaped (Fig. 3), posterior margin confluent with anterior margin of tergite II; tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
each with 2 pairs of short, straight wing-retaining setae; tergite IX setae shorter than tube, tube much shorter than head. Sternite VIII with slender pore plate, median length about 15 microns, extending fully across sternite; median sternites without any lateral reticulate areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figures 1-6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips magnaccai" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnaccai">Hoplothrips magnaccai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males. Holotype 1-5: 1 head 2 fore tibia and tarsus 3 pelta 4 prosternites 5 antenna 6 Small male head and pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Measurements (holotype male and smallest paratype male in microns). Body length 3500 (2900). Head, length 380 (250); width posterior to tubercles 230 (215); po setae 125 (135). Pronotum, length 500 (280); width 500 (350); major setae: aa 20 (30), ml 100 (100), epim 120 (130), pa 180 (185). Tergite IX setae, S1 180 (185), S2 75 (70), S3 180 (160). Tube length 240 (215). Antennal segments
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
length 100 (65), 75 (60), 115 (85), 105 (85), 90 (70), 80 (?), 60 (?), 60 (?).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Female microptera. Body and femora brown, basal half of head paler than pronotum, antennae brown except for base of segment III (Fig. 12), tibiae and tarsi shading yellowish-brown to yellow. Head with convex cheeks (Fig. 11), constricted behind small eyes with small tubercle ventro-laterally just behind eyes; ocelli absent; po setae long and acute; maxillary stylets close together medially and retracted to eyes. Pronotum transverse, ml, epim and pa setae long. Prosternal ferna large, narrowing medially; mesopresternum of three small sclerites. Tergites similar to those of male microptera.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Female macroptera. Darker than microptera, head dark brown (Fig. 7) and darker than pronotum, mid and hind tibiae mainly brown; fore wings pale. Head with cheeks convex, slightly constricted behind large eyes, without any tubercles; ocelli large, stylets retracted to eyes. Body similar to microptera; metanotum with no sculpture medially (Fig. 8); mesopresternum almost entire with three sclerites joined; fore wing with only two pairs of long sub-basal setae; tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
each with only one pair of sigmoid wing-retaining setae, anterior pair short and straight on these tergites, and both pairs short and straight on tergite II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figures 7-12.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips magnaccai" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnaccai">Hoplothrips magnaccai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females. Macroptera 7-9: 7 head 8 meso and metanota 9 pelta. Microptera 10-12: 10 pelta 11 head 12 antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="145" start="start">Measurements</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(macropterous female paratype in microns). Body length 3200. Head, length 300; width 250; po setae 140. Pronotum, length 230; median width 350; major setae: aa 15, am 75, ml 140, epim 130, pa 190. Fore wing length 1250;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="146" start="start">sub-basal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
setae 80. Posteroangular tergal setae: tergite II 30, tergite VI 180. Tergite VIII setae S1 180, S2 210, S3 240. Tube length 250. Antennal segments
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
length 60, 68, 100, 95, 90, 85, 60, 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Material studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Holotype male microptera, OAHU, Mokuleia Trail, from dead branches, 29.vii.2016 (LAM 6310), in BPBM, Hawaii.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Paratypes: 2 female macropterae, 6 female micropterae taken with holotype; at same site and date, 25 female macropterae (many de-alate), 3 female micropterae, 2 male micropterae (A. Wells 83, 84, 86, 87). MAUI,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Io’a">Io'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
Needle, 2 female micropterae from dead branches, 26.vii.2016 (A.Wells 77).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
The macropterae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="magnaccai" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" rank="species" species="magnaccai">magnaccai</taxonomicName>
|
||
are particularly unusual among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, in that on tergite II both pairs of wing-retaining setae are small and straight and on each of tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
only the posterior pair is sigmoid with each anterior pair short and straight. Moreover, there are only two long sub-basal setae on
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="147" start="start">each</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fore wing. In large males, the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="magnaccai" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="magnaccai">magnaccai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in appearance to that of two species known only from eastern USA:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips flavicauda" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicauda">Hoplothrips flavicauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 25) from several northeastern states (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stannard, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="213 - 552" title="The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois." volume="29" year="1968">Stannard 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips mutabilis" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutabilis">Hoplothrips mutabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="147">Hood 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In each of these three species, the largest short-winged males have a prominent tubercle behind the eyes, although such tubercles are not present in winged males (where known) nor in smaller short-winged males. The species most closely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="magnaccai" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="magnaccai">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="148" start="start">magnaccai</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="mutabilis" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="mutabilis">mutabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because these two share with typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
|
||
species both the absence of prosternal basantra (= praepectus of Stannard, 1968) and the presence in males of a transverse pore plate on sternite VIII. In contrast, both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="flavicauda" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="flavicauda">flavicauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips fungosus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungosus">Hoplothrips fungosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moulton from eastern Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Okajima, S" journalOrPublisher="The Insects of Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 720" title="The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera)." volume="2" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are distinctive within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the presence of prosternal basantra (Fig. 26), and the absence in males of a pore plate on sternite VIII. This new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="mutabilis" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="mutabilis">mutabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: body and first two antennal segments brown to dark brown rather than mainly yellow, postocular setae longer in all morphs, fore wing with about 15 duplicated cilia rather than eight, and sense cones of macropterae not long and slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Figures 13-21.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. dubius" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="dubius">H. dubius</taxonomicName>
|
||
13-16: 13 female head 14 lectotype antennal segments
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
15 lectotype metanotum 16 lectotype pelta.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. flavitibia" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="flavitibia">H. flavitibia</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype female 17-19: 17 meso and metanota 18 pelta 19 antenna.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. laticornis" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="laticornis">H. laticornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype 20-21: 20 antenna 21 pelta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Figures 22-26.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplothrips</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. 22
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. flavipes" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="flavipes">H. flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
paralectotype male, sternite V.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. hawaiiensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">H. hawaiiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype female 23-24: 23 tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–III">II-III</normalizedToken>
|
||
24 tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VII">VI-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. flavicauda" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="flavicauda">H. flavicauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
25-26: 25 large male microptera, head 26 female macroptera prosternites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |