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<document id="9B04E2E417D4442B0CAD17C52657A661" ID-CLB-Dataset="21623" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3903611" ID-GBIF-Dataset="690418a8-e475-4bd8-a604-02f244cd641a" ID-ISBN="9789871231920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3903611" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1592844899405" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia &amp; Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens" docDate="2008" docId="656987ABFFE39A6509B4FE53FB5247DC" docLanguage="pt" docName="BiodivArtropArgentinos.2.223-234.pdf" docOrigin="Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos, vol. 2, Sociedad Entomológica Argentina" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cyrtocoridae DISTANT" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="9950FFD3FFE09A660957FFF6FFEA433C" masterDocTitle="Pentatomidae Cyrtocoridae" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1698842832606" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="54C2CDAC8F57010C1CCCBBE4BFB2653B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E2EA27F9159C3726B949E1EBAF59F2C">
<mods:title id="1147884BDFE8CEC5161806650B146F63">Pentatomidae Cyrtocoridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F82341A805A5A16E7139CF142DA67C77">Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="599F5D6C369CA18571DFA08A986684CC">Departamento de Zoologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9.500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43435, Sala 223, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D76F5FBEE2327B7E088D2C28309D300E">Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE3326F804B89E7B2E88673CA6A7B863">Departamento de Zoologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9.500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43435, Sala 223, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A74B9D33D549B225FA3444450698496" type="email">acrosternum@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FC74DF55A4650866532D980D29AD779C">2008</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:namePart id="1804F00FB24558C89A704B78A6AAE642">Claps, Lucía E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8CE80BE69F8B5592FB2ADD7C26497F2">Roig-Juñent, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4D36A8CD20429349BBCF44A6E8F9C92D">Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos, vol. 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="656987ABFFE39A6509B4FE53FB5247DC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164696902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:656987ABFFE39A6509B4FE53FB5247DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/656987ABFFE39A6509B4FE53FB5247DC" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<subSubSection id="A5DA6536FFE39A6509B4FE53FE7C4286" box="[227,406,421,443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6509B4FE53FE644287" blockId="3.[152,740,218,960]" box="[227,398,421,443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
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<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6509B4FE53FE644287" authorityName="DISTANT" box="[227,398,421,443]" class="Insecta" family="Cyrtocoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509B4FE53FE644287" bold="true" box="[227,398,421,443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Cyrtocoridae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6508DAFE53FE7C4286" blockId="3.[152,740,218,960]" box="[397,406,421,442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5DA6536FFE39A6508CBFE53FB5247DC" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6508CBFE53FD2140FC" blockId="3.[152,740,218,960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6508CBFE53FD444287" author="BRAILOVSKY, H. &amp; L. CERVANTES &amp; L. MAYORGA" box="[412,686,421,443]" journalOrPublisher="An. Inst. Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="537 - 560" part="58" refId="ref6041" refString="BRAILOVSKY, H., L. CERVANTES &amp; L. MAYORGA. 1988. Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XL: La familia Cyrtocoridae Distant em la Estacion de Biologia Tropical &quot; Los Tuxtlas &quot; (Pentatomoidea). An. Inst. Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico 58 (2): 537 - 560." title="Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XL: La familia Cyrtocoridae Distant em la Estacion de Biologia Tropical &quot; Los Tuxtlas &quot; (Pentatomoidea)" type="journal article" year="1988">
Brailovsky
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650B4CFE50FDA74286" box="[539,589,421,443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
. (1988)
</bibRefCitation>
discutiram características da história de vida de
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509CFFE2BFE8842CF" box="[152,354,477,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6509CFFE2BFEFB42CE" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1842" box="[152,273,477,498]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Cyrtocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtocoris</taxonomicName>
egeris
</emphasis>
e
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6508D7FE2BFDEF42CF" box="[384,517,477,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">C. trigonus</emphasis>
(Germar), ambas registradas para a Argentina.
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650B74FE0CFF064111" author="SCHAEFER, C. W. &amp; A. R. PANIZZI &amp; M. C. COSCARON" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="127 - 129" refId="ref10008" refString="SCHAEFER, C. W., A. R. PANIZZI &amp; M. C. COSCARON. 2005. New records of plants fed upon by the uncommon heteropterans Cyrtocoris egeris Packauskas &amp; Schaefer and C. trigonus (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cyrtocoridae) in South America. Neotropical Entomol. 34 (1): 127 - 129." type="journal article" year="2005">
Schaefer
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650BCCFE0DFD3C4133" box="[667,726,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
forneceram novos registros de plantas para ambas as espécies. Os ovos são colocados junto a ranhuras na casca da planta hospedeira, em conjuntos de número variado, geralmente mais de dez. As ninfas possuem hábitos gregários e permanecem na mesma planta durante todo o desenvolvimento; tempo de desenvolvimento em torno de 45 dias. Éregistrada uma geração por ano, hibernação no estágio adulto. São exclusivamente fitófagos e se alimentam principalmente nos ramos da planta hospedeira. Registrados em cinco famílias de plantas (
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A65085CFC86FE9340B9" box="[267,377,880,901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6508DCFC86FDA140BA" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[395,587,880,902]" family="Euphorbiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650B0BFC86FF2F409E" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650981FC7BFEB9409F" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[214,339,909,931]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="order">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
e
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A65082EFC7BFDE9409F" authorityName="Giseke" authorityYear="1792" box="[377,515,909,931]" family="Piperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
), o que pode evidenciar o aspecto polífago dos cirtocoríneos.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6509CFFC12FD68473D" blockId="3.[152,642,996,1025]" box="[152,642,996,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<heading id="B63781D1FFE39A6509CFFC12FD68473D" bold="true" box="[152,642,996,1025]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" reason="0">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509CFFC12FD68473D" bold="true" box="[152,642,996,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Importância agroeconômica</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6509B4FBEBFE41464C" blockId="3.[152,741,1053,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
O grande número de plantas hospedeiras e os danos freqüentes que causam na produção agrícola fazem dos pentatomideos fitófagos um dos grupos mais importantes em termos econômicos entre os heterópteros (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650BEFFB66FE8C47FE" author="PANIZZI, A. R. &amp; J. E. McPHERSON &amp; D. G. JAMES &amp; M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="421 - 474" refId="ref8880" refString="PANIZZI, A. R., J. E. McPHERSON, D. G. JAMES, M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON. 2000. Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. Panizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. Pp. 421 - 474." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Panizzi
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650982FB58FEF647FE" box="[213,284,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al.,</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650823FB5BFDF647FF" author="PANIZZI, A. R." box="[372,540,1197,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="2120 - 2123" refId="ref8643" refString="PANIZZI, A. R. 2004. Stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emphasizing economic importance. En: J. L. Capinera (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 3: 2120 - 2123." type="journal article" year="2004">Panizzi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Além disso, os pentatomídeos predadores tem sido cada vez mais estudados como potenciais agentes de controle biológico (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6508D5FAF3FDBF4627" author="DE CLERCQ, P." box="[386,597,1285,1307]" editor="J. L. Capinera" journalOrPublisher="Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="2123 - 2125" part="3" refId="ref6514" refString="DE CLERCQ, P. 2004. Stink Bugs, predatory (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Asopinae). En: J. L. Capinera (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 3: 2123 - 2125" title="Stink Bugs, predatory (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Asopinae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Insects" year="2004">De Clercq, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Não existem registros de danos a plantas cultivadas por espécies da família
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6508DEFACBFDC8466F" authorityName="DISTANT" box="[393,546,1341,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Cyrtocoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cyrtocoridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650B64FACBFD34466E" author="PANIZZI, A. R." box="[563,734,1341,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="2120 - 2123" refId="ref8643" refString="PANIZZI, A. R. 2004. Stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emphasizing economic importance. En: J. L. Capinera (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 3: 2120 - 2123." type="journal article" year="2004">Panizzi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6509CFFAACFE77464C" author="SCHAEFER, C. W. &amp; A. R. PANIZZI &amp; M. C. COSCARON" box="[152,413,1370,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="127 - 129" refId="ref10008" refString="SCHAEFER, C. W., A. R. PANIZZI &amp; M. C. COSCARON. 2005. New records of plants fed upon by the uncommon heteropterans Cyrtocoris egeris Packauskas &amp; Schaefer and C. trigonus (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cyrtocoridae) in South America. Neotropical Entomol. 34 (1): 127 - 129." type="journal article" year="2005">
Schaefer
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A65085CFAADFEB84653" box="[267,338,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A6509B4FA8EFAA2415A" blockId="3.[152,741,1053,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[773,1361,218,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
As principais espécies citadas como pragas de plantas cultivadas pertencem exlusivamente a duas subfamílias:
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6508B3FA46FDB046FA" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[484,602,1456,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Edessinae">Edessinae</taxonomicName>
e
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650B29FA46FF0A46DF" authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pentatominae">Pentatominae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6509B9FA3BFE0346DF" author="SCHUH, T. R. &amp; J. A. SLATER" box="[238,489,1485,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" refId="ref10100" refString="SCHUH, T. R. &amp; J. A. SLATER. 1995. True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), classification and natural history. Ithaca, Cornell Universit y Press, xiii + 337 p." type="book" year="1995">Schuh &amp; Slater, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6508A3FA3BFD3946DF" author="PANIZZI, A. R. &amp; J. E. McPHERSON &amp; D. G. JAMES &amp; M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON" box="[500,723,1485,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="421 - 474" refId="ref8880" refString="PANIZZI, A. R., J. E. McPHERSON, D. G. JAMES, M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON. 2000. Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. Panizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. Pp. 421 - 474." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Panizzi
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650B1CFA38FD9746DE" box="[587,637,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
</bibRefCitation>
). Como característica geral, essas espécies possuem distribuição geográfica ampla, são extremamente generalistas, possuem ciclo de vida curto, fecundidade e fertilidade altas; a importância econômica varia de espécie para espécie e também depende da planta cultivada em que é encontrada (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650807F96EFD344591" author="McPHERSON, J. E. &amp; R. M. McPHERSON" box="[336,734,1688,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" refId="ref8400" refString="McPHERSON, J. E. &amp; R. M. McPHERSON. 2000. Stinkbugs of economic Importance in America north of Mexico. Boca Raton, CRC Press. 253 pp." type="book" year="2000">McPherson &amp; McPherson, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6509CFF943FE6D45F6" author="PANIZZI, A. R. &amp; J. E. McPHERSON &amp; D. G. JAMES &amp; M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON" box="[152,391,1717,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="421 - 474" refId="ref8880" refString="PANIZZI, A. R., J. E. McPHERSON, D. G. JAMES, M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON. 2000. Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. Panizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. Pp. 421 - 474." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Panizzi
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509A4F940FED045F6" box="[243,314,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al.,</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A6508C0F943FDD745F7" author="PANIZZI, A. R." box="[407,573,1717,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="2120 - 2123" refId="ref8643" refString="PANIZZI, A. R. 2004. Stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emphasizing economic importance. En: J. L. Capinera (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 3: 2120 - 2123." type="journal article" year="2004">Panizzi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). As espécies de
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6509EAF926FE0A45DA" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" box="[189,480,1744,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Nezara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509EAF926FEE545D9" box="[189,271,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Nezara</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
</taxonomicName>
são pragas de grãos, legumes e vegetais em geral;
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650B4AF91BFD4A443E" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[541,672,1773,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Piezodorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650B4AF91BFD4A443E" box="[541,672,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Piezodorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. alimentamse principalmente em leguminosas;
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6509CFF8DEFEF34401" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[152,281,1832,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Euschistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6509CFF8DEFEF34401" box="[152,281,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Euschistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. e
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A65082AF8DEFE0A4401" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1860" box="[381,480,1832,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Thyanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A65082AF8DEFE0A4401" box="[381,480,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Thyanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. são pragas de várias culturas, danificando principalmente legumes em geral e gramíneas como milho e trigo; espécies dos gêneros
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A6508E4F88BFDB944AF" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[435,595,1917,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Oebalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A6508E4F88BFDFC44AE" box="[435,534,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Oebalus</emphasis>
Stål
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650B3FF88BFEB7448C" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Mormidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650B3FF88BFD0A44AE" box="[616,736,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Mormidea</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650835F86DFE9A448C" box="[354,368,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">e</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650820F86CFDE8448C" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1858" box="[375,514,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tibraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650820F86CFE274493" box="[375,461,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Tibraca</emphasis>
Stål
</taxonomicName>
são pragas importantes de gramíneas, principalmente arroz;
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650BE7F84EFF3244D7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Chinavia</emphasis>
spp. são geralmente associadas a danos em leguminosas, malváceas, solanáceas e algumas culturas perenes (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650D3DFF0EFB0A4231" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1130,1248,248,269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
e
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650C5EFF0EFCA84216" authorityName="A.L.Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" family="Rutaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A0AFEE3FC514216" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1837" box="[861,955,277,298]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A0AFEE3FC514216" box="[861,955,277,298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Arvelius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. e edessíneos em geral são mais associados a solanáceas, estes últimos também encontrados em leguminosas. Os danos causados são geralmente diretos, associados às partes reprodutivas das plantas. Na região Neotropical, perdas por pentatomídeos fitófagos são registradas em culturas como algodão, arroz, milho, soja, sorgo, tomate entre outras.
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650A32FE0CFB89412C" author="PANIZZI, A. R. &amp; J. E. McPHERSON &amp; D. G. JAMES &amp; M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON" box="[869,1123,506,528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="421 - 474" refId="ref8880" refString="PANIZZI, A. R., J. E. McPHERSON, D. G. JAMES, M. JAVAHERY &amp; R. M. McPHERSON. 2000. Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. Panizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. Pp. 421 - 474." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Panizzi
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A92FE0DFBEF4133" box="[965,1029,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
citam cerca de 20 espécies de pentatomídeos fitófagos associadas a danos na região Neotropical, praticamente todas registradas para a Argentina (
<tableCitation id="A0420306FFE39A650D9EFDA6FADE415A" box="[1225,1332,592,614]" captionStart="Tabela 1" captionStartId="4.[227,314,1279,1298]" captionTargetBox="[285,1376,1380,2015]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Tabela 1 – Número de gêneros e espécies das subfamílias e tribos de Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) conhecidas para a região Neotropical e para a Argentina." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B9BF6635FFE49A6209B4FB09FC954610" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" tableUuid="B9BF6635FFE49A6209B4FB09FC954610">Tabela 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED7F36BDFFE39A650A04FD9BFB5247DC" blockId="3.[773,1361,218,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
A utilização dos asopíneos em programas de controle biológico ainda é tímida, apesar do grupo ser destacado em vários estudos como agentes potenciais de controle de pragas (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650C7BFD33FC4C41C9" author="DE CLERCQ, P." editor="Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="737 - 789" refId="ref6462" refString="DE CLERCQ, P. 2000. Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. pp. 737 - 789." title="Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Heteroptera of Economic Importance" year="2000">De Clercq, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650AE3FD16FC1241CA" author="DE CLERCQ, P." box="[948,1016,736,758]" editor="J. L. Capinera" journalOrPublisher="Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="2123 - 2125" part="3" refId="ref6514" refString="DE CLERCQ, P. 2004. Stink Bugs, predatory (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Asopinae). En: J. L. Capinera (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 3: 2123 - 2125" title="Stink Bugs, predatory (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Asopinae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Insects" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
). Apenas cerca de 10% têm sido estudadas com maior ou menor grau de detalhamento. Entre estas, estão incluídas espécies dos gêneros
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650D52FCCEFAA24072" authority="Bergroth" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1891" box="[1029,1352,824,846]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Alcaeorrhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650D52FCCEFB3A4071" box="[1029,1232,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Alcaeorrhynchus</emphasis>
Bergroth
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A52FCA0FC114057" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[773,1019,853,875]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Brontocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A52FCA0FC644057" box="[773,910,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Brontocoris</emphasis>
Thomas
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650D47FCA3FAA74057" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1851" box="[1040,1357,853,875]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Podisus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650D47FCA3FB814056" box="[1040,1131,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Podisus</emphasis>
Herrich-Schaeffer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A52FC86FC3440B9" authority="Laporte" authorityName="Laporte" box="[773,990,880,901]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Stiretrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A52FC86FC9A40B9" box="[773,880,880,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Stiretrus</emphasis>
Laporte
</taxonomicName>
e
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650D5FFC86FABA40BA" authority="Stal. Aespecie" authorityName="Stal" box="[1032,1360,879,902]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tylospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650D5FFC86FB6E40B9" box="[1032,1156,880,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Tylospilus</emphasis>
Stål. Aespécie
</taxonomicName>
neártica
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A22FC7BFB94409E" box="[885,1150,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A22FC7BFC3A409E" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1851" box="[885,976,909,930]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Podisus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Podisus</taxonomicName>
maculiventris
</emphasis>
(Say) é a única espécie explorada comercialmente, principalmente nos EUA e na Europa. Na região Neotropical,
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A1AFC13FBD840C7" box="[845,1074,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A1AFC13FC4240C6" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1851" box="[845,936,997,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Podisus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Podisus</taxonomicName>
nigrispinus
</emphasis>
(Dallas) é bastante estudada e apresenta grande potencial no controle de populações de algumas espécies fitófagas (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650A59FBCCFC494773" author="SAINI, E. D." box="[782,931,1082,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref9877" refString="SAINI, E. D. 1994. Aspectos morfologicos y biologicos de Podisus connexivus Bergroth (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argentina 53: 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="1994">Saini, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650AE3FBCDFB6F476C" author="DE CLERCQ, P." box="[948,1157,1082,1104]" editor="Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="737 - 789" refId="ref6462" refString="DE CLERCQ, P. 2000. Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. pp. 737 - 789." title="Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Heteroptera of Economic Importance" year="2000">De Clercq, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Outras espécies que têm sido estudadas, e que possuem registros para a Argentina são
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650DC4FB83FCB54799" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">Alcaeorhynchus grandis</emphasis>
(Dallas),
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650A8AFB66FB204799" box="[989,1226,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650A8AFB66FB8C4799" authorityName="Thomas" box="[989,1126,1168,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Brontocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brontocoris</taxonomicName>
tabidus
</emphasis>
(Signoret) (
<bibRefCitation id="89514B4CFFE39A650A59FB5BFC0E47FF" author="DE CLERCQ, P." box="[782,996,1197,1219]" editor="Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" pagination="737 - 789" refId="ref6462" refString="DE CLERCQ, P. 2000. Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae). En: Schaefer C. W. &amp; A. R. P anizzi (eds), Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press. pp. 737 - 789." title="Predaceous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Heteroptera of Economic Importance" year="2000">De Clercq, 2000</bibRefCitation>
) e
<emphasis id="DFB4EAAFFFE39A650D42FB5BFABB47FE" box="[1045,1361,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName id="2AC04D3EFFE39A650D42FB5BFB6547FE" authorityName="Stal" box="[1045,1167,1197,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Tylospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tylospilus</taxonomicName>
nigrobinotatus
</emphasis>
(Berg) (Saini, informação pessoal).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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