183 lines
21 KiB
XML
183 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="389195769F5041BB179DA0CEF56F1C4C" ID-CLB-Dataset="222436" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5223.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f19c5754-1a7b-4f9e-bdd8-70cc4bf3d1e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7517957" ID-ZooBank="2AF3B77E-408A-4104-A058-108101993EBC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1673307560985" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schiesari, Luis, Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira, Menin, Marcelo & Hödl, Walter" docDate="2022" docId="B31987BBFFFBFFD7E0D0543E891CFD59" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5223.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5223 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5223.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lysapsus bolivianus Gallardo 1961" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="4F20FFC3FFC1FFEBE047522D8D27FFDC" masterDocTitle="Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1699473481772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F25BED08E41C6D992AFA09284788713E">
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<mods:title id="4F98852C726DA69E4F484286E2511588">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BDE73F9AC1D88B7233343E5B5127B8B1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B854591B890E87FA40B6D1B3F44B2C8A">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="350C4CC2700EBD5A0B38DD39B77C7FEC" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0814-591X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="94C02736132EC415B3DB812B2242A9A8" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="36557E8E3F6B488F38CF2E187D45274E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6B5450E740992DD5D62A4B0EA5ADD63C">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FB6BACC5FDB0ACC1D191169538E6F560" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4537-9064</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32375C3F4202906B22C5166636BE07C9" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E209E1DD84F09B79AEDD358BA9500E77" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="80471E9657A6E40D8D9DF96B9096A213">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E368E22A0A216D01C512856EEA0225D">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7A231EEE337CB75B36586C0119E9997" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7209-5083</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5615D07849875B7F31EB6337F98E78C1">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="13CDF5B3D402C4705FF13116AE2F8F2F" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="485FF41434B4AC3B0E20AF77CA07EE5D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="272BCD114356E4941854767B2DB04058">
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<mods:date id="E72DA3BB7C1E3EC5E3D12CF1B4D49586">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="82B867A426192C0D906467A1A01CB78F">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="555CBB1DCBED4E10ED31A866CF892635">5223</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5F6940A10D5D350E3E7A4309AC6E3AF6">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5223.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2B30B968ABEC402FD2FCF1ABC86012A0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFFBFFD7E0D0543E891CFD59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFFBFFD7E0D0543E891CFD59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFFBFFD7E0D0543E891CFD59" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFFBFFD1E0D0543E8F4CF800" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFBFFD1E0D0543E8C58F9F1" blockId="58.[151,1437,1554,2013]" box="[151,383,1554,1581]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="604781C1FFFBFFD1E0D0543E8C58F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,383,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFBFFD1E0D0543E8C58F9F1" ID-CoL="3WTV9" ID-ENA="1033715" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,383,1554,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Lysapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFBFFD1E0D0543E8C58F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,383,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lysapsus bolivianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFBFFD1E080541A8F4CF800" blockId="58.[151,1437,1554,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFBFFD1E080541A8CE8F98D" bold="true" box="[199,463,1591,1617]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on a tadpole at Stage 35 (LCS 597). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFFBFFD1E4AE541B8874F98D" box="[1257,1363,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
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. Body elongate oval in dorsal view and triangular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFFBFFD1E3F154778965F9A9" box="[950,1090,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,425,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-107@59.[151,1436,416,1842]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 32. Tadpole of Lysapsus bolivianus (LCS 597) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Lateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518052/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 32A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes small, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, circular, dorsolaterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFFBFFD1E56B548F88B3F961" box="[1324,1428,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,425,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-107@59.[151,1436,416,1842]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 32. Tadpole of Lysapsus bolivianus (LCS 597) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Lateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518052/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 32C</figureCitation>
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) terminal, ventrally emarginate; marginal papillae blunt, biseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally. LTRF 2(1,2)/3; A1 and A2 of the same length; P2 slightly longer than P1; P3 of about half the length of P2. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than external wall. Vent tube medial, very large, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height, convex, originating on the posterior third of the body; ventral fin of moderate height, convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFFAFFD7E08052BB8CBEFF25" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFAFFD0E08052BB8F6BFEC0" blockId="59.[151,1436,150,392]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E08052BB8C07FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,288,150,176]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative dorsum grayish brown with dark brown spots; caudal musculature cream and fins translucent, both with vertical brown bars. In life dorsum greenish brown with scattered brown spots; sides and venter silver; iris bright red; anterior 2/3 of tail largely unpigmented and translucent, contrasting with the posterior third of tail, which is entirely black (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFFAFFD0E190532F8F67FEC0" box="[471,576,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,425,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-107@59.[151,1436,416,1842]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 32. Tadpole of Lysapsus bolivianus (LCS 597) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Lateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFAFFD0E080530B8E23FE9C" blockId="59.[151,1436,150,392]" box="[199,772,294,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E080530B8C18FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,319,294,320]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Variation.</emphasis>
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LTRF 2/3 or 2(2)/3 at Stages 30 and 31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFAFFD0E08053678C35FE54" blockId="59.[151,1436,150,392]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E08053678C4FFEB8" bold="true" box="[199,360,330,356]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Metamorphs.</emphasis>
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Metamorphs strongly resemble adults; color green with sparse gray marks and coppery red iris (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFFAFFD0E0D853438C22FE54" box="[159,261,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,425,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-107@59.[151,1436,416,1842]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 32. Tadpole of Lysapsus bolivianus (LCS 597) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Lateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFFAFFD0E0D05564881CF85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,250,1865,1889]" targetBox="[151,1436,425,1842]" targetPageId="59">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFAFFD0E0D05564881CF85A" blockId="59.[151,1436,1865,1926]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E0D055648C38F8BD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1865,1889]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFAFFD0E1D055678F45F8BE" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="1961" box="[407,610,1866,1890]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Lysapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E1D055678F45F8BE" box="[407,610,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Lysapsus bolivianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(LCS 597) at Stage 35: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Lateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFAFFD7E08055998CBEFF25" blockId="59.[151,1436,1971,2036]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E08055998CA3F811" bold="true" box="[199,388,1971,1998]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs were not observed in Central Amazonia. Gravid females contain on average 147 ovarian eggs (Ĥdl 1990). In Central Amazonia tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFAFFD0E29C55F48E4AF82E" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="1961" box="[731,877,2008,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Lysapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFAFFD0E29C55F48E4AF82E" box="[731,877,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">L. bolivianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are found in the root zone of floating meadows in várzea floodplain lakes. In the igapó flooded forests of eastern Amazonia tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFDFFD7E40F52BA89FEFF6D" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="1961" box="[1096,1241,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Lysapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E40F52BA89FEFF6D" box="[1096,1241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">L. bolivianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are found in both temporary and permanent lentic water bodies (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFFDFFD7E2DA52968EFDFF09" author="Azevedo-Ramos, C. & Magnusson, W. E. & Bayliss, E. P." box="[669,986,187,213]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="22 - 23" refId="ref74768" refString="Azevedo-Ramos, C., Magnusson, W. E. & Bayliss, E. P. (1999) Predation as the key factor in tadpole community structure in a savanna area in Central Amazonia. Copeia, 1999, 22 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447381" type="journal article" year="1999">
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Azevedo-Ramos
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E32752968EBFFF09" box="[864,920,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
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1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles are nektonic. Color pattern is presumably disruptive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFFDFFD7E080532F891CFD59" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFDFFD7E080532F8CBEFE71" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E080532F8C68FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,335,258,284]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comments.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8BD83CF0FFFDFFD7E11E532E8CB2FE71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012716302" collectionCode="LTRF" country="Brazil" location="Tadpoles" municipality="State" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="LTRF 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amapa">
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<location id="3E6F6076FFFDFFD7E11E532E8C99FEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFFBFFD7E0D0543E891CFD59:3E6F6076FFFDFFD7E11E532E8C99FEC1" box="[345,446,259,285]" country="Brazil" municipality="State" name="Tadpoles" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="Amapa">Tadpoles</location>
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described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFFDFFD7E227532E8E77FEC1" author="Santana, D. J. & Queiroz, S. S. & Wanderley, P. S. & V. A & Leite, F. S. F. & Garda, A. A." box="[608,848,259,285]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="201 - 215" refId="ref83049" refString="Santana, D. J., Queiroz, S. S., Wanderley, P. S., S " o-Pedro, V. A., Leite, F. S. F. & Garda, A. A. (2013) Calls and tadpoles of the species of Lysapsus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 34, 201 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002885" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Santana
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E285532E8FDAFEC1" box="[706,765,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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from the
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<collectingMunicipality id="DB6BACD7FFFDFFD7E382532E8EDAFEC1" box="[965,1021,259,285]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">State</collectingMunicipality>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFFFDFFD7E462532E895EFEC1" box="[1061,1145,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Amapá</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFFDFFD7E4C1532E89EAFEC1" box="[1158,1229,259,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, differ from those herein characterized by presenting snout rounded to slightly acute in lateral view, nostrils elliptic, oral disc ventral and not emarginate, two rows of alternated marginal papillae (biseriate anteriorly, bi or triseriate laterally, and uniserate and short posteriorly),
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<specimenCode id="6B169ED6FFFDFFD7E24653428F7FFE55" box="[513,600,367,393]" collectionCode="LTRF" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">LTRF 2</specimenCode>
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(2)/3, 2(2)/3(1) and 2/3, tail fins low, dorsal and ventral fins almost parallel to the tail musculature
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFFDFFD7E0D053F7891CFD59" blockId="60.[151,1436,474,645]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E0D053F78CBEFE29" bold="true" box="[151,409,474,501]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Genus
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E0AD53F78CBEFE29" bold="true" box="[234,409,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFDFFD7E0AD53F78CB2FE29" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" box="[234,405,474,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of genus
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFDFFD7E23553F68E30FE29" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" box="[626,791,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E23553F68E30FE29" box="[626,791,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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found in Central Amazonia share the following combination of morphological characteristics: moderate size; body elongate oval or ovoid in dorsal view and globular or globular/depressed in lateral view; spiracle sinistral (ventrolateral in
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFDFFD7E3DC500E890CFDE1" box="[923,1067,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E3DC500E890CFDE1" box="[923,1067,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">O. oophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); dorsal and ventral fins shallow or of moderate height; oral disc anteroventral with one row of marginal papillae (biseriate in
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFFDFFD7E4F5506A8865FDBD" box="[1202,1346,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFFDFFD7E4F5506A8865FDBD" box="[1202,1346,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">O. oophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) except for a dorsal gap; submarginal papillae present; LTRF in variations of 2/3 and 2/5-7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |