193 lines
23 KiB
XML
193 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7698CF74EAA7AAEA7324773F10EE0777">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8EE471C3CA6F30FDA8001F3A28A905C6">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5AE62D320227F2B0F9943F8D0EC8C741" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BFC00AE9515D04CCB7BC460DCBC25A8E">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="732767E0937B49224921AA3BA5BB12DD" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="33290E456BA91EFDABCF52CB0517CF9A">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A282C9E408503C7099B15142469B43A">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED40C5E4885B25AD45C0C49579CC7D5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4BFBA5CA547D2601BE46C1A47E680EF3">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E1490E8485F6CF82A079DE01793B90F0">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFE2FFCFE0D051338C0CF9DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7525623" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7525623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFE2FFCFE0D051338C0CF9DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFE2FFCFE0D051338C0CF9DE" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE2FFC8E0D05133887BFB19" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE2FFC8E0D051338CA1FCE5" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1833]" box="[151,390,798,825]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="604781C1FFE2FFC8E0D051338CA1FCE5" bold="true" box="[151,390,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE2FFC8E0D051338CA1FCE5" ID-CoL="69L7J" ID-ENA="248779" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,390,798,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E0D051338CA1FCE5" bold="true" box="[151,390,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceratophrys cornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE2FFC8E080516E887BFB19" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E080516E8CE9FC81" bold="true" box="[199,462,835,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on one tadpole at Stage 38 (INPA-H 1582). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE2FFC8E577516F88BEFC81" box="[1328,1433,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="53.8">53.8 mm</quantity>
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. Body oval in dorsal view and globular in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE2FFC8E2B3514A8E5DFC5D" box="[756,890,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1297,1321]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,192,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[151,1437,181,1273]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. Tadpole of Ceratophrys cornuta (MNRJ s/n) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517994/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout pointed in dorsal view and sloping in lateral view. Eyes small, dorsally positioned and laterally directed. Nostrils small, circular, dorsally positioned, near to eyes, with opening laterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE2FFC8E4C2518289CEFC15" box="[1157,1257,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1297,1321]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,192,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[151,1437,181,1273]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. Tadpole of Ceratophrys cornuta (MNRJ s/n) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517994/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
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) terminal, anteriorly directed, non-emarginate; marginal papillae great and triangular, uniseriate, continuous. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 9(6-9)/9(1-4); rows A1; P8 and P9 shorter than others. Jaw sheaths wide, serrated, both V-shaped; the anterior jaw sheath with a notch, posterior jaw sheath with a pointed projection. Spiracle single, lateroventral, conical, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height, convex, originating at the tail-body junction; ventral fin of moderate height, convex. Tail tip rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE2FFC8E08056E38F1BFA1D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE2FFC8E08056E38E1EFA89" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E08056E38C07FB34" bold="true" box="[199,288,1230,1256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative, body and caudal musculature light brown, paler ventrally; fins translucent. Tadpoles after Stage 40 already possess the characteristic dark dorsolateral and interocular bars found in the adults. Tadpoles after Stage 42 start to develop the characteristic palpebral appendages found in the adults. In life, body transparent olive with a silver venter, tail transparent olive (Hero 1990).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE2FFC8E08057728F1BFA1D" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E08057728CA3FAA4" bold="true" box="[199,388,1374,1401]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs were not observed in Central Amazonia. Clutches of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE2FFC8E455577289AEFAA4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1042,1161,1375,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E455577289AEFAA4" box="[1042,1161,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. cornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E48C577289D9FAA5" box="[1227,1278,1375,1401]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
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contain 1,640 to 2,270 pigmented eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E18757AE8F51FA41" author="Aichinger, M." box="[448,630,1411,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="9 - 18" refId="ref74242" refString="Aichinger, M. (1992) Fecundity and breeding sites of an anuran community in a seasonal tropical environment. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 27, 9 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529209360863" type="journal article" year="1992">Aichinger 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E2C457AE8E10FA41" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[643,823,1410,1437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Eggs are deposited in ponds filled with rainwater in terra-firme forests (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E136578A8F17FA1D" author="Lima, A. P. & Magnusson, W. E. & Menin, M. & Erdtmann, L. K. & Rodrigues, D. J. & Keller, C." box="[369,560,1447,1473]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref79759" refString="Lima, A. P., Magnusson, W. E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L. K., Rodrigues, D. J., Keller, C. & H ˆ dl, W. (2012) Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. 2 nd Edition. Editora INPA, Manaus, 187 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFFE2FFC8E136578A8C89FA1D" box="[369,430,1447,1473]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lima</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E1F3578A8CCAFA1D" box="[436,493,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE2FFCFE08057E78C0CF9DE" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE2FFC8E08057E78C5EF8F5" blockId="35.[151,1437,798,1833]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE2FFC8E08057E78C68FA38" bold="true" box="[199,335,1482,1508]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Comments.</emphasis>
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These tadpoles were previously characterized by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E3CF57E6896DFA39" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[904,1098,1483,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E4D657E689D7FA39" box="[1169,1264,1483,1509]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E56957E68DC5F9D5" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E15057C28F61F9D5" author="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M." box="[279,582,1519,1545]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="51 - 64" refId="ref76693" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M. (1994) Biology of a sit-and-wait predator, leptodactylid frog Ceratophrys cornuta. Herpetologica, 50, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="1994">Duellman & Lizana (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E2CE57C28FE7F9D5" box="[649,704,1519,1545]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. Tadpoles from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E33557C28EE8F9D5" box="[882,975,1519,1545]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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differ from those herein characterized by presenting LRTF 9(7-9)/9(1-3) (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E245543E8F91F9F1" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[514,694,1555,1581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), and those from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E33B543E8E88F9F1" box="[892,943,1555,1581]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
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by presenting LTRF 13/8 (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E4A4543E88B2F9F1" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1251,1429,1554,1581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and l3(6)/8(2) (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E102541A8F49F98D" author="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M." box="[325,622,1591,1617]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="51 - 64" refId="ref76693" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M. (1994) Biology of a sit-and-wait predator, leptodactylid frog Ceratophrys cornuta. Herpetologica, 50, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="1994">Duellman & Lizana 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E368541A8EABF98D" box="[815,908,1591,1617]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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differ from those herein characterized by presenting vent tube dextral and tail tip pointed (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E2DF54768E6BF9A9" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[664,844,1627,1653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), which is rounded in tadpoles from
|
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E4AD5476883AF9A9" box="[1258,1309,1627,1653]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E56B54768DF3F945" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE2FFC8E1D054528CEDF945" box="[407,458,1663,1689]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting snout bluntly rounded in dorsal view, spiracle posteriorly directed, vent tube dextral, dorsal fin originating at the body-tail junction, marginal papillae elongately conical and tail tip pointed (according to
|
||
<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE2FFC8E34054EA8E6EF93D" box="[775,841,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tadpole of Allobates sumtuosus (LCS 552) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsolateral view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517972/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="FC489B48FFE2FFC8E37C54EB8E6EF93D" box="[827,841,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE2FFC8E32A54EA89A9F93D" author="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M." box="[877,1166,1735,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="51 - 64" refId="ref76693" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Lizana, M. (1994) Biology of a sit-and-wait predator, leptodactylid frog Ceratophrys cornuta. Herpetologica, 50, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="1994">Duellman & Lizana 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tadpoles from Central Amazonia illustrated by Hero (1990) differ from those herein characterized by presenting LTRF 6-9(7-9)/6-9(1-3) and rounded tail tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6FCF6625FFE5FFCFE0D0573C8C9BFA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7517994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517994/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,250,1297,1321]" targetBox="[177,1424,192,1262]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE5FFCFE0D0573C8C9BFA91" blockId="36.[151,1437,1297,1357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0D0573C8C07FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,288,1297,1321]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE1DD573C8F48FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[410,623,1297,1321]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE1DD573C8F48FAF5" box="[410,623,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ceratophrys cornuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNRJ s/n) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE5FFCFE0D057568CA9FA49" blockId="36.[151,398,1403,1429]" box="[151,398,1403,1429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE0D057568CA9FA49" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,398,1403,1429]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0D057568CA9FA49" bold="true" box="[151,398,1403,1429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DENDROBATIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE5FFCFE0D057EE8C0CF9DE" blockId="36.[151,1436,1475,1538]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0D057EE8C41FA01" bold="true" box="[151,358,1475,1501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0AD57EE8C41FA01" bold="true" box="[234,358,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE0AD57EE8C46FA01" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="1986" box="[234,353,1475,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ameerega</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two are the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE22B57EE8FFBFA01" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="1986" box="[620,732,1475,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE22B57EE8FFBFA01" box="[620,732,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Central Amazonia. The only species with collected tadpoles is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE0F657CA8C03F9DD" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[177,292,1511,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0F657CA8C03F9DD" box="[177,292,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |