159 lines
20 KiB
XML
159 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AAC9E4AE76F5F8993E192774C3977E37">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4B501251DC53C05731802B03196C37C">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35BA4BC81FFA6275C0AA75D02EA6B044">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08498B26EDC631B9C5CCB974AADB90E8">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F86DB78014789B2B1FC9C0CA02E89DB">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B1FF52C46DEA1E53039E31A73D247114">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0CFB1ED809958F3729B00F03DD97EE12">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF9AFFB7E0D057E78CCEFD75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF9AFFB7E0D057E78CCEFD75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF9AFFB7E0D057E78CCEFD75" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9AFFB0E0D057E789A5F8AC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9AFFB0E0D057E78CB5FA38" blockId="91.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,402,1482,1509]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="604781C1FF9AFFB0E0D057E78CB5FA38" bold="true" box="[151,402,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9AFFB0E0D057E78CB5FA38" ID-CoL="3TN72" ID-ENA="1033695" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,402,1482,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9AFFB0E0D057E78CB5FA38" bold="true" box="[151,402,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Leptodactylus petersii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9AFFB0E08057C389A5F8AC" blockId="91.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9AFFB0E08057C38CE8F9D4" bold="true" box="[199,463,1518,1544]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on one tadpole at Stage 40 (MNRJ 7953). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF9AFFB0E56857C388BEF9D5" box="[1327,1433,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="26.2">26.2 mm</quantity>
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. Body oval in dorsal view and globular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF9AFFB0E33A543F8920F9F0" box="[893,1031,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,710,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-265@92.[151,1436,704,1620]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 59. Tadpole of Leptodactylus petersii (MNRJ 79539) at Stage 40: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518134/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 59A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in dorsal view and truncate in lateral view. Eyes small, dorsally positioned and dorsolaterally directed. Nostrils small, oval, dorsolaterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF9AFFB0E09354538C1FF945" box="[212,312,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,710,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-265@92.[151,1436,704,1620]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 59. Tadpole of Leptodactylus petersii (MNRJ 79539) at Stage 40: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518134/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 59C</figureCitation>
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) ventral, non-emarginate; marginal papillae conical, biseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 2(2)/3; A1 and A2 of the same length; P1, P2 and P3 of the same length. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, lateroventral, conical, short and wide, posteriorly directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow, originating at the tail-body junction, convex; ventral fin shallow, convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9AFFB7E08055578E10FEC0" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9AFFB0E08055578E85F800" blockId="91.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9AFFB0E08055578C07F848" bold="true" box="[199,288,1914,1940]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature brown, venter lighter; fins translucent. In life body dark brown / black; tail dark brown / black but becoming lighter towards the tip of the tail (as
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9AFFB0E4D455B38C3DF800" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9AFFB0E4D455B388B7F865" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1171,1424,1950,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wagneri">Leptodactylus wagneri</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9AFFB0E0D055EF8C3DF800" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,282,1986,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podicipinus">podicipinus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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in Hero 1990). Gut perfectly visible through ventral skin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9DFFB7E08052BB8E10FEC0" blockId="92.[151,1436,150,681]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E08052BB8CA3FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,388,150,176]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Gravid females of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E21F52BA8FEEFF6C" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[600,713,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E21F52BA8FEEFF6C" box="[600,713,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L. petersii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF9DFFB7E34B52BA8E18FF6D" box="[780,831,151,177]" name="Peru" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Peru</collectingCountry>
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contain between 465 and 655 ovarian eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E56D52BB8DF4FF08" author="Aichinger, M." pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="9 - 18" refId="ref74242" refString="Aichinger, M. (1992) Fecundity and breeding sites of an anuran community in a seasonal tropical environment. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 27, 9 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529209360863" type="journal article" year="1992">Aichinger 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). Foam nests are deposited in a depression excavated by the male under fallen leaves at the edge of isolated forest ponds in terra-firme forests (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E26E52F38FC8FF24" author="Lima, A. P. & Magnusson, W. E. & Menin, M. & Erdtmann, L. K. & Rodrigues, D. J. & Keller, C." box="[553,751,222,248]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref79759" refString="Lima, A. P., Magnusson, W. E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L. K., Rodrigues, D. J., Keller, C. & H ˆ dl, W. (2012) Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. 2 nd Edition. Editora INPA, Manaus, 187 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFF9DFFB7E26E52F38F41FF24" box="[553,614,222,248]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lima</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E22852F28F8DFF24" box="[623,682,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles were collected in the dry season. In experiments tadpoles were found to be preyed upon by fish (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E2EA532F8E0DFEC0" author="Hero, J-M." box="[685,810,258,284]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref77845" refString="Hero, J-M. (1991) Predation, palatability and the distribution of tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest. PhD Thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, 234 pp." type="book" year="1991">Hero 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF9DFFB7E080530B8CCEFD75" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF9DFFB7E080530B8CCEFD75" blockId="92.[151,1436,150,681]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E080530B8C68FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,335,294,320]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E19A530A8F69FE9C" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[477,590,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E19A530A8F69FE9C" box="[477,590,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L. petersii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Central Amazonia were illustrated as
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E477530B8D99FEB8" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E477530B880AFE9C" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1072,1325,294,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wagneri">Leptodactylus wagneri</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E57D530B8D99FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podicipinus">podicipinus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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by Hero (1990) and described from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF9DFFB7E21653668FA3FEB9" box="[593,644,331,357]" name="Peru" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Peru</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E2EA53668E65FEB8" author="Heyer, W. R." box="[685,834,330,357]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref78068" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1994) Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri c omplex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 546, 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.546. i" type="journal article" year="1994">Heyer (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E3315367891EFEB9" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[886,1081,330,357]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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. The tadpole illustrated by Hero (1990, Plate 32) is, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E24753428FB0FE54" author="Heyer, W. R." box="[512,663,366,393]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref78068" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1994) Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri c omplex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 546, 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.546. i" type="journal article" year="1994">Heyer (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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, most certainly
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF9DFFB7E30053428E9FFE54" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[839,952,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E30053428E70FE54" box="[839,855,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF9DFFB7E32353428E9FFE54" box="[868,952,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">petersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since it is the only member of the complex that occurs within the forests in the areas sampled by Hero (1990). The only morphologically differences between the tadpoles illustrated by Hero (1990) and those herein characterized is the e tail tip rounded, the sloped snout in lateral viewand the seemingly anteroventral oral disc (Hero 1990). Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF9DFFB7E40A53F689A7FE29" box="[1101,1152,475,501]" name="Peru" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by having nostril just nearer to eye or midway between eye and snout, oral disc subterminal, marginal papillae uniseriate anteriorly and biseriate lateroventrally, or uniseriate anteriorly and posteriorly and biseriate laterally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E096506B8C7CFDBC" author="Heyer, W. R." box="[209,347,582,608]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref78068" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1994) Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri c omplex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 546, 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.546. i" type="journal article" year="1994">Heyer 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and by presenting snout bluntly rounded in lateral view, spiracle directed posterodorsally, vent tube dextral, tail tip rounded, oral disc directed anteroventrally, row of marginal papillae uniseriate, LTRF 2(2)/2(1) or 2(2)/3[1] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF9DFFB7E16E50A38CFAFD75" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[297,477,654,681]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |