468 lines
61 KiB
XML
468 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04CB14A6F4CFF7E8E" box="[136,438,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Mantidactylus tripunctatus</emphasis>
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|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04E764A6F4FAA7E8F" bold="true" box="[591,739,362,389]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">bona species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB2FFA04CB14AA84C9E7C4E" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB2FFA04CB14AA84C9E7C4E" blockId="110.[136,778,427,869]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04CB14AA84C6D7ECE" box="[136,292,427,453]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04D7F4AAF4E437ECE" authority="Angel, 1930" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[326,778,427,453]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04D7F4AAF4F3F7ECE" box="[326,630,427,453]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Mantidactylus tripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA04E474AAF4E437ECE" author="Angel, F." box="[638,778,427,453]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="619 - 620" refId="ref121985" refString="Angel, F. (1930) Description d'un Batracien nouveau de Madagascar, appartenant au genre Mantidactylus (Materiaux des Missions de M. R. Decary). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 2, 2, 619 - 620." type="journal article" year="1930">Angel, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67E44C5EFFB2FFA04CC64ACF4C1D7D8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4010830452" collectionCode="MNHN, MCZ" county="Fort-Dauphin'" elevation="700" location="Pic St. Louis" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" specimenCode="1931.21, 1931.23-25, 14280, 1931.22" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
on
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FFB2FFA04D144ACF4CDA7EEE" box="[301,403,459,485]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FFB2FFA04D904ACF4CB67EEE" box="[425,511,459,485]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FFB2FFA04E284ACF4F267EEE" box="[529,623,459,485]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">1931.21</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FFB2FFA04EBC4ACF4E437EED" box="[645,778,459,486]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">1931.23–25</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FFB2FFA04C844AEF4DB37D0E" box="[189,250,491,517]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FFB2FFA04D3E4AEF4C047D0E" box="[263,333,491,517]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">14280</specimenCode>
|
||
[formerly
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FFB2FFA04DE84AEF4F6E7D0E" box="[465,551,491,517]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FFB2FFA04E0D4AEF4FDB7D0E" box="[564,658,491,517]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">1931.22</specimenCode>
|
||
] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA04E954AEF4C2C7D2E" author="Barbour, T. & Loveridge, A." pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="59 - 214" refId="ref122240" refString="Barbour, T. & Loveridge, A. (1946) First supplement to typical reptiles and amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 96, 59 - 214." type="journal article" year="1946">Barbour & Loveridge 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA04D4F490F4F4A7D2E" author="Guibe, J." box="[374,515,523,549]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref125942" refString="Guibe, J. (1978) Les batraciens de Madagascar. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 11, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1978">Guibé 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from ‘
|
||
<location id="D25310D8FFB2FFA04E5A490F4E4F7D2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FFB2FFA14CB14A6F4EF87BCE:D25310D8FFB2FFA04E5A490F4E4F7D2E" box="[611,774,523,549]" county="Fort-Dauphin'" name="Pic St. Louis" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Pic St. Louis</location>
|
||
, province de
|
||
<collectingCounty id="3E523E8FFFB2FFA04D27492F4CF77D4E" box="[286,446,555,581]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Fort-Dauphin’</collectingCounty>
|
||
and ‘
|
||
<location id="D25310D8FFB2FFA04E3A492F4F397D4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FFB2FFA14CB14A6F4EF87BCE:D25310D8FFB2FFA04E3A492F4F397D4E" box="[515,624,555,581]" county="Fort-Dauphin'" name="Befotaka" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Befotaka</location>
|
||
, province de
|
||
<location id="D25310D8FFB2FFA04CB1494F4C5B7D6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FFB2FFA14CB14A6F4EF87BCE:D25310D8FFB2FFA04CB1494F4C5B7D6E" box="[136,274,587,613]" county="Fort-Dauphin'" name="Farafangana" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Farafangana</location>
|
||
... à l’altitude de 700 mètres, au bord d’un torrent, en forêt’.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67E44C5EFFB2FFA04D59496F4C617DEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4010830377" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Pic St. Louis" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" specimenCode="1931.24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
We here designate
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FFB2FFA04E7C496F4FD27D8E" box="[581,667,619,645]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FFB2FFA04E91496F4E4F7D8E" box="[680,774,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">1931.24</specimenCode>
|
||
, probably a subadult/
|
||
<specimenCount id="C18A8D8AFFB2FFA04D50498F4C8D7DAE" box="[361,452,651,677]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen from
|
||
<location id="D25310D8FFB2FFA04E4C498F4E4F7DAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FFB2FFA14CB14A6F4EF87BCE:D25310D8FFB2FFA04E4C498F4E4F7DAE" box="[629,774,651,677]" county="Fort-Dauphin'" name="Pic St. Louis" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Pic St. Louis</location>
|
||
, as
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FFB2FFA04C9049AF4C597DCE" box="[169,272,683,709]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
because we could obtain genetic data from this specimen
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Lectotype designation is justified by the need to stabilize this and other nomina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04E5F49E84E4A7C0E" box="[614,771,748,773]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04E5F49E84E4A7C0E" box="[614,771,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the uncertain identity and morphological similarity of many taxa in the subgenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB2FFA04C81484F48337C2E" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB2FFA04C81484F48337C2E" blockId="110.[136,778,427,869]" lastBlockId="110.[810,1452,171,869]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04C81484F4C477C6E" box="[184,270,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Identity</emphasis>
|
||
.—This nomen has been considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F134BA84E9E7FCE" box="[810,983,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA048364BAF49E67FCE" author="Guibe, J." box="[1039,1199,171,197]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref125942" refString="Guibe, J. (1978) Les batraciens de Madagascar. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 11, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1978">Guibé (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Blommers-Schl̂sser and Blanc (1991) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA048054BCF48387FEE" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[1084,1393,203,229]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" refId="ref125414" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (1992 a) A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, Germany, 335 pp. First Edition." type="book" year="1992">Glaw and Vences (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA048794BE849AF7E0E" box="[1088,1254,235,261]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA048794BE849AF7E0E" box="[1088,1254,235,261]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA0492F4BEF48EE7E0E" author="Frost, D. R." box="[1302,1447,235,261]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" refId="ref125096" refString="Frost, D. R. (2021) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (Accessed 18 February 2021). Electronic Database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA" type="url" year="2021">Frost (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Using barcode fishing we obtained a 16S sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FFB2FFA04F624A2F4E8B7E4E" box="[859,962,299,325]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
which firmly clusters among sequences of a lineage morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA0493A4A4848E27E6E" box="[1283,1451,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA0493A4A4848E27E6E" box="[1283,1451,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is widespread and common in the Tolagnaro (= Fort Dauphin) area, including the environments of the Pic St. Louis, and considered as
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA0486F4AA8493C7ECE" box="[1110,1141,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 29 or
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA048CD4AA8485A7ECE" box="[1268,1299,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. Ca29 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA04F134ACF494C7EEE" author="Vieites, D. R. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Andreone, F. & Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[810,1029,459,485]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="8267 - 8272" refId="ref134563" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., K ˆ hler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 8267 - 8272. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Vieites
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F444AC84EFC7EEE" box="[893,949,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB2FFA048004ACF49BF7EEE" author="Perl, R. G. B. & Nagy, Z. T. & Sonet, G. & Glaw, F. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M." box="[1081,1270,459,485]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref129051" refString="Perl, R. G. B., Nagy, Z. T., Sonet, G., Glaw, F., Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M. (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 197 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002942" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Perl
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA048554AC849ED7EEE" box="[1132,1188,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and depicted as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04F0A4AEF4EB37D0E" box="[819,1018,491,517]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F0A4AEF4E9A7D0E" box="[819,979,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA048384AEF49E57D0E" authority="Tolagnaro" authorityName="Tolagnaro" box="[1025,1196,491,517]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA048174AEF49E57D0E" box="[1070,1196,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Tolagnaro”’ by Glaw andVences(2007).In the phylogenomic tree, a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04F1349284E9C7D4E" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[810,981,556,581]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F1349284E9C7D4E" box="[810,981,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. tripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in a subclade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA0492B492848E57D4E" box="[1298,1452,555,581]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noralottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA0492B492848E57D4E" box="[1298,1452,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. noralottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two other new species described below as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA0497E494848E57D6E" authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1452,587,613]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA0497E494848E57D6E" box="[1351,1452,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. katae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F13496F4ECA7D8E" bold="true" box="[810,899,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECB276AFFB2FFA04F13496F4ECA7D8E" box="[810,899,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04F81496849547D8E" authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[952,1053,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kortei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F81496849547D8E" box="[952,1053,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. kortei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA0481D496F49347D8E" bold="true" box="[1060,1149,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECB276AFFB2FFA0481D496F49347D8E" box="[1060,1149,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and relationships between these species are also supported by the 16S tree; all of the species differ from each other in their advertisement calls, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04F6149C84EB97DEE" box="[856,1008,715,741]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noralottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F6149C84EB97DEE" box="[856,1008,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. noralottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also is characterized by larger body size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FFB2FFA04F0A49EF4EC07C0E" box="[819,905,747,773]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
), confirming their species-level distinctness and justifying elevation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04811480849FE7C2E" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1947" box="[1064,1207,780,805]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04811480849FE7C2E" box="[1064,1207,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. tricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB2FFA14F6348284FDF7B6E" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB2FFA14F6348284F037C6E" blockId="110.[810,1452,171,869]" lastBlockId="111.[136,778,171,1349]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04F6348284E857C4E" box="[858,972,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—A member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA048864828482F7C4E" box="[1215,1382,811,837]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA048864828482F7C4E" box="[1215,1382,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade as revealed by the phylogenomic analysis, probably sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14C9E4BA84C427FCE" authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[167,267,171,197]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14C9E4BA84C427FCE" box="[167,267,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. katae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14D2A4BAF4C267FCE" bold="true" box="[275,367,171,197]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECB276AFFB3FFA14D2A4BAF4C267FCE" box="[275,367,171,197]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
described below (but see below for uncertainties regarding the samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14E074BC84FEB7FEE" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[574,674,203,229]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14E074BC84FEB7FEE" box="[574,674,203,229]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. katae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the phylogenomic analysis). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FFB3FFA14E1C4BEF4F327E0E" box="[549,635,235,261]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for a list of diagnostic morphological characters. The combination of a relatively small body size in males (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FFB3FFA14E654A2F4F9D7E4E" box="[604,724,299,325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="26.0">26–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and distinctly larger size in females (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FFB3FFA14E104A4F4FED7E6E" box="[553,676,331,358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slightly tubercular dorsal skin with distinct continuous dorsolateral ridges, reduced webbing (one phalanx of fifth toe free of web), absence of white spots on flanks, presence of a white marking on snout tip, and advertisement call consisting of a single, long note composed of ≥70 pulses distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14CB149084C707D2E" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[136,313,524,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14CB149084C707D2E" box="[136,313,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. tripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from species of all other clades (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FFB3FFA14EF5490F4DD07D4E" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14D0E49284C967D4E" box="[311,479,555,581]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14D0E49284C967D4E" box="[311,479,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, the species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14CF449484C3E7D6E" box="[205,375,587,613]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14CF449484C3E7D6E" box="[205,375,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a lower number of pulses in advertisement calls and a lower pulse repetition rate; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14CF349884C207DAE" box="[202,361,651,677]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noralottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14CF349884C207DAE" box="[202,361,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. noralottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size and presence of a distinct white marking on snout tip (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FFB3FFA14E4849AF4F827DCE" box="[625,715,683,709]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). For a distinction from the new species described herein, see the respective species accounts. A full list of molecular diagnostic sites in the 16S gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14E0C48084FAE7C2E" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[565,743,780,805]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14E0C48084FAE7C2E" box="[565,743,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. tripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in pairwise comparisons to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14E2B48284FE67C4E" box="[530,687,812,837]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14E2B48284FE67C4E" box="[530,687,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is provided as Supplementary appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="83F3168BFFB2FFA04CB14C594CBB78BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441108/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" startId="110.[136,235,1885,1909]" targetBox="[151,1435,922,1866]" targetPageId="110">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB2FFA04CB14C594CBB78BE" blockId="110.[136,1452,1885,1974]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04CB14C594C59787E" bold="true" box="[136,272,1885,1909]" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of a 1000 ms section of one advertisement call (call duration 2704 ms) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB2FFA04CE84C7A4C9B789D" box="[209,466,1918,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="110" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noralottae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB2FFA04CE84C7A4C9B789D" box="[209,466,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="223">Mantidactylus noralottae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recorded 18 December 2004 at Ambovo, Isalo National Park (20°C air temperature). Recording bandpass-filtered at 1000–3500 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14C8148684E437CAE" blockId="111.[136,778,171,1349]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14C8148684C697C8E" box="[184,288,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.—Variation in measurements is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FFB3FFA14CB1488F4D957CAE" box="[136,220,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="106.[134,222,477,503]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus betsileanus clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. An asterisk (*) marks lectotypes designated in the current paper. A hash (#) marks measurements taken by AH, an asterisk (*) specimens measured by V. Mercurio and F. Andreone, and thus not fully comparable with other measurements, all taken by MV. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FFB3FFA14D2B488F4C167CAE" box="[274,351,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="111.[136,235,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1418,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-662@111.[151,1436,1418,1849]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 38. Specimens assigned to Mantidactylus tripunctatus in life, in dorsolateral view. (a) Probably adult male (based on large tympanum size) from Pic St Louis near Tolagnaro, photographed in 1991. (b) Probably adult male (based on large tympanum size) from Nahampoana, photographed in 1991." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441110/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
for colouration in life and its variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14CB148AF4FDF7B6E" blockId="111.[136,778,171,1349]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
A light vertebral line can be present. There is pronounced sexual size dimorphism (confirmed male SVL 26.4–27.0 mm [n = 3] vs confirmed female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FFB3FFA14E0A48EF4F9F7B0E" box="[563,726,1003,1029]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" metricValueMax="3.47" metricValueMin="3.29" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="33.8" valueMax="34.7" valueMin="32.9">32.9–34.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
[n = 5]). Tympanum size is quite variable but does not seem to differ consistently and strongly between sexes (HTD/ED ratio is 53–93% in females, 93–95% in males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB3FFA14C814F6F4F987BEE" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14C814F6F4F987BEE" blockId="111.[136,778,171,1349]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14C814F6F4C397B8E" box="[184,368,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.—At the base of Pic St. Louis (Tolagnaro) we observed calling males at night, sitting at the edge of shallow puddles in a small, very slowly running stream surrounded by remains of rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB3FFA14C814FEF4ED47CCE" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14C814FEF49A47D6E" blockId="111.[136,778,171,1349]" lastBlockId="111.[810,1452,171,1221]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14C814FEF4DBA7A0E" box="[184,243,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Calls</emphasis>
|
||
.—Advertisement calls of individuals probably belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FFB3FFA14D1F4E084C9E7A2E" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[294,471,1292,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14D1F4E084C9E7A2E" box="[294,471,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">M. tripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but not DNA barcoded), recorded in
|
||
<date id="A33260C3FFB3FFA14D2C4E2F4CF47A4E" box="[277,445,1323,1349]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" value="1991-02">February 1991</date>
|
||
at a site near Tolagnaro, air temperature unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB3FFA148174BAF49B47FCE" author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[1070,1277,171,197]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA148BD4BA849F27FCE" box="[1156,1211,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CD2, track 68, cut 1), consists of a long, regularly pulsed note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FFB3FFA149734BCF48D77FEE" box="[1354,1438,203,229]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="112.[136,235,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,186,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-35@112.[151,1435,185,1130]" captionTargetPageId="112" captionText="FIGURE 39. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of a 1000 ms section of one advertisement call (call duration 1545 ms) of Mantidactylus tripunctatus, recorded February 1991 near Tolagnaro. Recording bandpass-filtered at 1200–4100 Hz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441112/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
), emitted in series. The available recording was of relatively poor quality and partly suffered from the overlap of calls of different individuals, making it difficult to assess and measure all parameters precisely. Numerical parameters of five analysed calls were as follows: call duration (= note duration) 1380–1870 ms (1612.8 ± 197.8 ms); ca 70–80 pulses per note (estimate according to overlap of calls); pulse duration 11–19 ms (14.2 ± 2.6 ms); pulse repetition rate within notes 41.7–47.6 pulses/s (45.6 ± 2.3); dominant frequency 1383–1556 Hz (1460 ± 75 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 1200–3400 Hz; call repetition rate (= note repetition rate) ca 8–9 calls/min.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14F63496F4E9E7C8E" blockId="111.[810,1452,171,1221]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
Calls recorded on
|
||
<date id="A33260C3FFB3FFA1480D496F49AE7D8E" box="[1076,1255,619,645]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" value="1992-01-01">1 January 1992</date>
|
||
at Pic St. Louis near Tolagnaro, 23°C air temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FFB3FFA148E1498F48E17DAE" author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[1240,1448,651,677]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA149174988482C7DAE" box="[1326,1381,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CD2, track 68, cuts 2 & 3), generally agree in character with the other calls from Tolagnaro described above. Although difficult to evaluate due to overlapping calls of multiple individuals, call duration seems to be longer, roughly ranging from 2100–2600 ms. Pulse repetition rate in these calls is slightly lower and ranges from ca 30–39 pulses/s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14F63488F4ED47CCE" blockId="111.[810,1452,171,1221]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14F63488F4E947CAE" box="[858,989,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Tadpoles.—</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole of this species has not been described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB3FFA14F6348CF49CE7B6E" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14F6348CF49CE7B6E" blockId="111.[810,1452,171,1221]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14F6348CF494B7CEE" box="[858,1026,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
Apparently microendemic to a small area in far South East of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9B0693FFB3FFA1480148EF49F67B0E" box="[1080,1215,1003,1029]" name="Madagascar" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FFB3FFA148F448EF48597B0E" box="[1229,1296,1003,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="49.[136,235,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis species distribution based on verified records, divided by clade (Mantidactylus stelliger sp. nov. is presented alongside the inaudax clade for practicality). Colours for species correspond to those in Figs 2 and 4. Inset map shows the geographic regions of Madagascar identified by Boumans et al. (2007), referred to throughout the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441037/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from Andohahela, Manantantely, Mandena, Nahampoana, Pic St. Louis, and Tsitongambarika. Elevation range:
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FFB3FFA14FD04F4F49057B6E" box="[1001,1100,1099,1126]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1149999999999998" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="0.08" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="211.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="8.0">8–415 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FFB3FFA14F634F6F4EF87BCE" pageId="111" pageNumber="224" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FFB3FFA14F634F6F4EF87BCE" blockId="111.[810,1452,171,1221]" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FFB3FFA14F634F6F4E9B7B8E" box="[858,978,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="224">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.—Latin adjective meaning ‘having three spots’, presumably in reference to some feature of the colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |