448 lines
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448 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874F1348CF49797CEE" box="[810,1072,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Mantidactylus bourgati</emphasis>
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Guibé, 1974
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.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FCB4F0F48E27B2E" authority="Guibe, 1974" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[1010,1451,1035,1061]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874FCB4F0F484A7B2E" box="[1010,1283,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Mantidactylus bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
Guibé, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67E44C5EFF95FF874FCD4F2F4EEC7BCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4010830465" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Ambalamarovandana'" municipality="Andringitra Mountains" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="1972.437" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FF95FF874FCD4F2F491F7B4E" box="[1012,1110,1067,1093]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FF95FF87485D4F2F49F37B4E" box="[1124,1210,1067,1093]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF8748F14F2F48787B4E" box="[1224,1329,1067,1093]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.437</specimenCode>
|
||
(given in error as
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF95FF874FB24F4F495A7B6E" box="[907,1043,1099,1125]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.00996458" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" unit="in" value="1972.427">1972.427 in</quantity>
|
||
the original publication but correct in the handwritten catalogue) by original designation from ‘
|
||
<location id="D25310D8FF95FF874F4A4F8F493D7BAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF95FF824F1348CF4C2F78EE:D25310D8FF95FF874F4A4F8F493D7BAE" box="[883,1140,1163,1189]" municipality="Andringitra Mountains" name="Ambalamarovandana'" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Ambalamarovandana’</location>
|
||
, a site in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3757DC79FF95FF8749104F8F4EEC7BCE" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Andringitra Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="C18A8D8AFF95FF874FC14FAF49717BCE" box="[1016,1080,1195,1221]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="generic">seven</specimenCount>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67E44C5EFF95FF8748724FAF4ED57A0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4010830423" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Ambalamarovandana'" municipality="Andringitra Mountains" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="1972.440, 1972.449, 1972.464, 1972.472, 1972.476, 1972.479, 1972.491" specimenCount="7" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FF95FF8748724FAF49FF7BCE" box="[1099,1206,1195,1221]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="B19DDEC6FF95FF8748E84FAF48617BCE" box="[1233,1320,1195,1221]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF8749024FAF48EE7BCE" box="[1339,1447,1195,1221]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.440</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF874F134FCF4EDF7BEE" box="[810,918,1227,1253]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.449</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF874F9B4FCF49477BEE" box="[930,1038,1227,1253]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.464</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF8748234FCF49CF7BEE" box="[1050,1158,1227,1253]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.472</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF8748AB4FCF49B77BEE" box="[1170,1278,1227,1253]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.476</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF8749324FCF483E7BEE" box="[1291,1399,1227,1253]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.479</specimenCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCode id="872AEE78FF95FF874F134FEF4EDC7A0E" box="[810,917,1259,1285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">1972.491</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF95FF874F634E0F4805790E" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF95FF874F634E0F4805790E" blockId="73.[810,1452,1035,2085]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874F634E0F4EF97A2E" box="[858,944,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Identity</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FEB4E0F49AC7A2E" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[978,1253,1291,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874FEB4E0F49AC7A2E" box="[978,1253,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Mantidactylus bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF87486D4E28498B7A4E" box="[1108,1218,1324,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF87486D4E28498B7A4E" box="[1108,1218,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but was resurrected as a separate species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FF95FF87487F4E4F482B7A6E" author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[1094,1378,1355,1381]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">Glaw and Vences (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based primarily on strong genetic divergences. We here provide a 16S sequence obtained by barcode fishing from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FF95FF874F134EAF4EC57ACE" box="[810,908,1451,1477]" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNHN 1972.437 confirming the attribution of the lineage containing all samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8748E44EC8486A7AEE" box="[1245,1315,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8748E44EC8486A7AEE" box="[1245,1315,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like stream frogs from the Andringitra Massif to this nomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF95FF824F634D084DBF7E4E" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF95FF824F634D084DBF7E4E" blockId="73.[810,1452,1035,2085]" lastBlockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874F634D084E85792E" box="[858,972,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—A member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8748FB4D08487B792E" box="[1218,1330,1548,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8748FB4D08487B792E" box="[1218,1330,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade and sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FA94D284949794E" box="[912,1024,1580,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874FA94D284949794E" box="[912,1024,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FF95FF87487D4D2F49D2794E" box="[1092,1179,1579,1605]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for a list of diagnostic morphological characters. The combination of relatively large body size of at least up to
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF95FF8748984D6F49BB798E" box="[1185,1266,1643,1669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FF95FF87493D4D6F4812798D" box="[1284,1371,1643,1670]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="59.[134,222,467,493]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus curtus clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. An asterisk (*) marks lectotypes designated in the current paper. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. All specimens are probable adults, but sex is difficult to ascertain externally in many species of this clade due to weak expression of femoral glands in male specimens, and is therefore only given for some specimens where gonad examination was possible. NM, not measured. # Measurements taken by Gavetti and Andreone (1993)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" tableUuid="83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
; larger specimens observed in the field), slightly granular skin, strongly expressed foot webbing with almost fully webbed fifth toe distinguishes this species from species of the other clades. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8748B94DE849A2780E" box="[1152,1259,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8748B94DE849A2780E" box="[1152,1259,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade,
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8749024DE84E9F782E" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8749024DE848EE780E" box="[1339,1447,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alutus">M. alutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874F134C084E9F782E" box="[810,982,1803,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madecassus">M. madecassus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8748294C0849DA782E" box="[1040,1171,1803,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8748294C0849DA782E" box="[1040,1171,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have smaller body sizes (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FF95FF874F0A4C2F4EC3784E" box="[819,906,1835,1861]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FA64C284945784E" box="[927,1036,1836,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874FA64C284945784E" box="[927,1036,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a very smooth dorsal skin while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874F754C484E9F786E" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[844,982,1867,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874F754C484E9F786E" box="[844,982,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the skin is usually somewhat granular. Morphological distinction from
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8748B74C684834788E" box="[1166,1405,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">
|
||
M. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8748F44C6F4834788E" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[1229,1405,1899,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874F134C884EF778AE" box="[810,958,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. a. miloko</emphasis>
|
||
is most difficult, but as far as known, the distributions of these taxa do not overlap with that of
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8749B44CA8496B78EE" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8749B44CA84EC478EE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">M. bourgati</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FA24CC8496B78EE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[923,1058,1995,2021]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">M. bourgati</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs further from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF8749214CC848CD78EE" box="[1304,1412,1995,2021]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF8749214CC848CD78EE" box="[1304,1412,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. alutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by longer advertisement calls emitted at irregular intervals (vs regular series in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF95FF874FDF43084919772E" box="[998,1104,2059,2085]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="73" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF95FF874FDF43084919772E" box="[998,1104,2059,2085]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="186">M. alutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For detailed distinction from new species described herein, see the respective species accounts. A full list of molecular diagnostic sites in the 16S gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824D244BE84CED7E0E" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[285,420,235,261]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824D244BE84CED7E0E" box="[285,420,235,261]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in pairwise comparisons to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824CFE4A084C2D7E2E" box="[199,356,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824CFE4A084C2D7E2E" box="[199,356,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is provided as Supplementary appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="83F3168BFF96FF844CB14D69499C79AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441055/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="187" startId="74.[136,235,1645,1669]" targetBox="[151,1436,185,1625]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF96FF844CB14D69499C79AF" blockId="74.[136,1451,1645,1701]" pageId="74" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF96FF844CB14D694C59798E" bold="true" box="[136,272,1645,1669]" pageId="74" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF96FF844D2F4D694FDE798E" authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[278,663,1645,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="74" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="miloko">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF96FF844D2F4D694FDE798E" box="[278,663,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="187">Mantidactylus ambohimitombi miloko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF96FF844EA44D694FBE798E" bold="true" box="[669,759,1645,1669]" pageId="74" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECB276AFF96FF844EA44D694FBE798E" box="[669,759,1645,1669]" pageId="74" pageNumber="187" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life, in dorsolateral and ventral view. (a,b,c) Adult male (holotype ZSM 219/2005 = FGZC 2143; note distinct and large femoral glands), from Ambohitantely Special Reserve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="83F3168BFF97FF854CB14C9349C77724" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441059/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="188" startId="75.[136,235,1943,1967]" targetBox="[192,1399,185,1924]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF97FF854CB14C9349C77724" blockId="75.[136,1452,1943,2095]" pageId="75" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF97FF854CB14C934C5878A4" bold="true" box="[136,273,1943,1967]" pageId="75" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF97FF854D214C934F4C78A4" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[280,517,1943,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="75" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF97FF854D214C934F4C78A4" box="[280,517,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="188">Mantidactylus bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life, in lateral, dorsolateral, and/or ventral view, and their habitat. (a,b,c) Adult specimen (ZSM 770/2001 = FGMV 2001.520; possibly an adult male due to relatively distinct femoral glands) from Andringitra, photographed in 2001. (d,e) Adult female (ACZC 10819) from Riandahy, Andringitra. (f,g) Adult male (ACZC 10698) from Imaitso, Andringitra. (h) Adult male from Andringitra, photographed in 1994. (i) View of the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra Massif) with stream inhabited by
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF97FF854D35431C4CC57724" box="[268,396,2071,2095]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF97FF854D35431C4CC17724" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[268,392,2071,2095]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="75" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">M. bourgati</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(j) Stream at the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra), habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF97FF854837431C49C37724" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[1038,1162,2071,2095]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="75" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">M. bourgati</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF90FF824C814A484CC67DAE" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C814A484CC67DAE" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C814A484C617E6E" box="[184,296,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
—Variation in measurements is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9A0E73B8FF90FF824C934A6F4C4D7E8D" box="[170,260,363,390]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="59.[134,222,467,493]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus curtus clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. An asterisk (*) marks lectotypes designated in the current paper. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. All specimens are probable adults, but sex is difficult to ascertain externally in many species of this clade due to weak expression of femoral glands in male specimens, and is therefore only given for some specimens where gonad examination was possible. NM, not measured. # Measurements taken by Gavetti and Andreone (1993)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" tableUuid="83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FF90FF824D724A6F4CE97E8E" box="[331,416,363,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,185,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[188,1399,185,1924]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 17. Mantidactylus bourgati in life, in lateral, dorsolateral, and/or ventral view, and their habitat. (a,b,c) Adult specimen (ZSM 770/2001 = FGMV 2001.520; possibly an adultmale dueto relatively distinct femoral glands) fromAndringitra, photographed in 2001. (d,e) Adult female (ACZC 10819) from Riandahy,Andringitra. (f,g)Adult male (ACZC 10698) from Imaitso, Andringitra. (h) Adult male from Andringitra, photographed in 1994. (i) View of the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra Massif) with stream inhabited by M. bourgati. (j) Stream at the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra), habitat of M. bourgati." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441059/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
for colouration in life and its variation. From our sample, it is unclear whether sexual size dimorphism exists in this species; in the specimens measured, male SVl is 33.0–
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF90FF824DEC4ACF4F727EEE" box="[469,571,459,485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8899999999999997" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="38.9">38.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2) and female SVL is 32.3–40.0 mm (n=13). Femoral glands in adult males in life are often clearly visible and prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FF90FF824CA9492F4DAD7D4E" box="[144,228,555,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,185,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[188,1399,185,1924]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 17. Mantidactylus bourgati in life, in lateral, dorsolateral, and/or ventral view, and their habitat. (a,b,c) Adult specimen (ZSM 770/2001 = FGMV 2001.520; possibly an adultmale dueto relatively distinct femoral glands) fromAndringitra, photographed in 2001. (d,e) Adult female (ACZC 10819) from Riandahy,Andringitra. (f,g)Adult male (ACZC 10698) from Imaitso, Andringitra. (h) Adult male from Andringitra, photographed in 1994. (i) View of the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra Massif) with stream inhabited by M. bourgati. (j) Stream at the Andohariana Plateau (Andringitra), habitat of M. bourgati." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441059/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) but in preserved specimens, a clear distinction between males and females (which probably also have visible gland rudiments) is often not possible without examination of gonads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF90FF824C8149AF4FCC7B2E" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C8149AF4FCC7B2E" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C8149AF4C267DCE" box="[184,367,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.—Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824E7F49A84F9C7DCE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[582,725,683,709]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824E7F49A84F9C7DCE" box="[582,725,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common in and around small slow-flowing montane streams at high elevations in the Andringitra Massif, e.g. on the Andohariana Plateau at
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF90FF824E1D480F4F357C2E" box="[548,636,779,805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. where they can be found at the edge of the water. They do not seem to occur higher up the massif, e.g. at Cuvette Boby we found only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824D0748684CA77C8E" box="[318,494,875,901]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madecassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824D0748684CA77C8E" box="[318,494,875,901]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. madecassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, at somewhat lower elevations (e.g. Imaitso forest at ca
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF90FF824E5E488F4FF47CAE" box="[615,701,907,934]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824CB148A84C447CCE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[136,269,939,965]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824CB148A84C447CCE" box="[136,269,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also common along large streams running through rainforest. Our call recordings were made from a swamp area next to such a stream where specimens were observed during the day in the shallow water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF90FF824C814F2F4DB279CE" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C814F2F4E437BEE" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C814F2F4C5A7B4E" box="[184,275,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Calls.—</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824E494F284E4B7B4E" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" box="[624,770,1067,1093]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824E494F284E4B7B4E" box="[624,770,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been recorded on
|
||
<date id="A33260C3FF90FF824DA64F4F4F247B6E" box="[415,621,1099,1125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" value="1994-01-16">16 January 1994</date>
|
||
, 10:00 h, at Andringitra National Park, in a forest swamp area close to Ambalamarina, 19°C air temperature, but the calling specimens could not be seen, and the attribution to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108C3D80FF90FF824ED24FA84DAE7BEE" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824ED24FA84DAE7BEE" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tentative (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FF90FF824D404FCF4F037BEE" author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[377,586,1227,1253]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824DF64FC84F4E7BEE" box="[463,519,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CD 2, track 77).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824CB14FEF4F84798E" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The call consists of a regularly pulsed note(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FF90FF824E6F4FEF4FED7A0E" box="[598,676,1259,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="77.[136,235,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,186,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-20@77.[151,1435,185,1130]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 18. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call tentatively assigned to Mantidactylus bourgati, recorded on 16 January 1994 at Andringitra National Park, close to Ambalamarina (19°C air temperature). Recording bandpass-filtered at 700–2000 Hz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441061/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Fig.18</figureCitation>
|
||
),emitted in series at somewhat irregular intervals. Notes exhibit some amplitude modulation, with amplitude continuously increasing from the beginning, reaching maximum call energy at the middle of the note, before continuously decreasing towards the note’s end. Numerical parameters of four analysed calls are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 756–1020 ms (872.8 ± 112.6 ms); 36–50 pulses per note (43.8 ± 5.9); pulse duration 8–10 ms (8.7 ± 0.8 ms); pulse repetition rate within notes 45.8–54.1 pulses/s (50.8 ± 4.1); dominant frequency 1063–1106 Hz (1087 ± 18 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 880–1740 Hz; call repetition rate (= note repetition rate) within series ca 19–29 calls/min.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C814D8F4DB279CE" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C814D8F4C7579AE" box="[184,316,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Tadpoles.—</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole of this species has not been described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF90FF824C814DCF4C19786E" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C814DCF4C19786E" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C814DCF4C2879EE" box="[184,353,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
Apparently microendemic to Andringitra and nearby areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB75A86FF90FF824DCC4DEF4F09780E" box="[501,576,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="49.[136,235,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis species distribution based on verified records, divided by clade (Mantidactylus stelliger sp. nov. is presented alongside the inaudax clade for practicality). Colours for species correspond to those in Figs 2 and 4. Inset map shows the geographic regions of Madagascar identified by Boumans et al. (2007), referred to throughout the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441037/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from Andringitra (various sites,
|
||
<typeStatus id="0837F8A1FF90FF824E5E4C0F4FDE782E" box="[615,663,1803,1829]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), Belambo, Fivahona, and Tsaranoro. Elevation range:
|
||
<quantity id="1074EBE6FF90FF824CB14C4F4C5C786E" box="[136,277,1867,1893]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.714" metricValueMax="2.488" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1714.0" valueMax="2488.0" valueMin="940.0">940–2488 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F961588FF90FF824C814C6F4C2F78EE" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7334603FF90FF824C814C6F4C2F78EE" blockId="76.[136,778,171,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5F89A11FF90FF824C814C6F4C79788E" box="[184,304,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.—Eponym for ‘Professor [Robert M.] Bourgat of the University of Lomé (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9B0693FF90FF824E244C8F4F1378AE" box="[541,602,1931,1957]" name="Togo" pageId="76" pageNumber="189">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
), who collected several frogs during his voyages in Madagascar’(translated from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31D3BF2FF90FF824CFC4CCF4C1078EE" author="Guibe, J." box="[197,345,1995,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="189" pagination="1009 - 1017" refId="ref125880" refString="Guibe, J. (1973 a) Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 3, 145, 1009 - 1017." type="journal article" year="1973">Guibé 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |