447 lines
52 KiB
XML
447 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0342C6237F4627D67A45B591320B402C">Hexactinellida from the Perth Canyon, Eastern Indian Ocean, with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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Tabachnick & Fromont
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,
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,
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(
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31
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46’19.884’’S
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114
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42’21.144’’E
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, ROV,
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,
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RV
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</emphasis>
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station FPC15_D05_S006
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.
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|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22BAC6CFC2C9485FE9AFE61" box="[273,382,399,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1631,1656]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,547,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[227,1361,547,1611]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., paratype, WAM Z88475 and holotype, WAM Z92521, external morphology (scale 50 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383518/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
. Erect stock of branching tubes with basal plates. Sponge body tapers to basal plate. Two speci- mens:
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D22BAC6CFDDE94B9FEA7FE05" box="[227,323,435,461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
was attached to a cnidarian fragment.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D22BAC6CFFC394B9FC82FE05" box="[766,870,435,461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
dimensions: height
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CF97094B9FB7BFE05" box="[1101,1183,435,461]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width at widest point apically
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFDC494DDFEADFE39" box="[249,329,471,497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
to base
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFC9694DCFE14FE39" box="[427,496,470,497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wall thickness
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFF9A94DCFD09FE39" box="[679,749,470,497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Fine reticulate skeleton visible beneath tissue. Texture soft, surface smooth and microhispid, colour creamy white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4AB15BCD22BAC6CFDAA9355FF0AF953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383518/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" startId="14.[151,250,1631,1656]" targetBox="[227,1361,547,1611]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22BAC6CFDAA9355FF0AF953" blockId="14.[151,1436,1631,1692]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22BAC6CFDAA9355FEF3F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,279,1631,1656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22BAC6CFC1E936AFDE5F9BF" box="[291,513,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22BAC6CFC1E936AFE19F9BF" authority="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina, 2019" authorityName="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina" authorityYear="2019" box="[291,509,1631,1655]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hieroglyphica" status="sp. nov.">Farrea hieroglyphica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22BAC6CFF3A9355FDB2F9BF" bold="true" box="[519,598,1631,1655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D993245DD22BAC6CFF3A9355FDB2F9BF" box="[519,598,1631,1655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype, WAM Z88475 and holotype, WAM Z92521, external morphology (scale 50 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22BAC6CFDFA93C0FBA7F8C0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1738,2016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22BAC6CFDFA93C0FEBFF92C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1738,1764]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Framework,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22BAC6CFC5F93C0FE35F92C" box="[354,465,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1435,445,1408]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521, SEM images. A, B, one layer of farreoid skeleton together with dermal pentactins and clavules. C, loose spicules: pileate and anchorate clavules and rays of dermal pentactins. D, anchorate clavules and some irregular discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383520/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
. The wall is constructed from a single layer of farreoid skeleton with rectangular meshes 0.33–0.40x
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFC0993E7FE3DF8C0" box="[308,473,1773,1800]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.665" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.52">0.52–0.81 mm</quantity>
|
||
, constructed from beams
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFFC593E4FC53F8C0" box="[760,951,1774,1800]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.025" valueMax="0.03" valueMin="0.02">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CFFC593E4FCD3F8C0" box="[760,823,1774,1800]" degrees="0.020" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="0.02">0.020</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CFE0A93E4FC60F8C0" box="[823,900,1774,1800]" degrees="0.030" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="-0.03">–0.030</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22BAC6DFDFA921BFDE4FE67" blockId="14.[151,1437,1738,2016]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,431]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22BAC6CFDFA921BFE34F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,464,1809,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Spicules. Megascleres,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22BAC6CFCE59218FDACF8E4" box="[472,584,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
. Uncinates, about 2.1/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFE7F9218FC5CF8E4" box="[834,952,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
|
||
, are very rare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22BAC6CF95E9218FB0AF8E4" box="[1123,1262,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 13 B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dermalia and atrialia are pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22BAC6CFCA6923CFDCCF898" box="[411,552,1846,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 13 A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the tangential ray slightly bent toward the ray directed inside the body. These tangential rays have spines directed outside the body, and small spines distributed in all directions at distal parts of the rays. The ray directed inside the body has spines at the base and in the distal part, close to the outer end, with the outer ends of these spicules being rounded. The tangential rays of dermal and atrial pentactins are
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFDAA92CFFEB3F828" box="[151,343,1989,2016]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.655" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.2655" valueMax="0.378" valueMin="0.153">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CFDAA92CFFF32F828" box="[151,214,1989,2016]" degrees="0.153" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="0.153">0.153</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CFDEB92CFFEC7F828" box="[214,291,1989,2016]" degrees="0.378" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="-0.378">–0.378</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFF1D92CCFD70F828" box="[544,660,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.240 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CFFED92CFFCA2F828" box="[720,838,1989,2016]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.053">0.053 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the ray directed inside the body is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22BAC6CF9E092CCFA79F828" box="[1245,1437,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.925" metricValueMax="4.43" metricValueMin="1.42" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.2925" valueMax="0.443" valueMin="0.142">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CF9E092CCFAF8F828" box="[1245,1308,1990,2016]" degrees="0.142" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="0.142">0.142</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22BAC6CF82092CCFA8DF828" box="[1309,1385,1990,2016]" degrees="0.443" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="-0.443">–0.443</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFC689592FE2CFF7B" box="[341,456,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.275">0.275 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFF3C9593FD91FF7B" box="[513,629,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.087">0.087 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the diameter of these rays is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFEFC9593FB66FF7B" box="[961,1154,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.0095" valueMax="0.012" valueMin="0.007">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFEFC9593FC1BFF7B" box="[961,1023,153,179]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFEC29593FBA9FF7B" box="[1023,1101,153,179]" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.012">–0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Clavules are represented by two
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D22AAC6DFDD095B7FEC8FF1F" box="[237,300,189,215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: pileate and anchorate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22AAC6DFF0A95B7FD42FF1F" box="[567,678,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C–I). Pileate clavules are
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFEEF95B6FB76FF1F" box="[978,1170,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.365" metricValueMax="5.37" metricValueMin="3.36" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.4365" valueMax="0.537" valueMin="0.336">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFEEF95B6FBF5FF1F" box="[978,1041,188,215]" degrees="0.336" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.336">0.336</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF92C95B6FBBAFF1F" box="[1041,1118,188,215]" degrees="0.537" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.537">–0.537</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF86095B7FF21FF33" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.43" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.443">0.443 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFDC295EAFE91FF33" box="[255,373,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.054">0.054 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the disc is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFCC095EBFD5FFF33" box="[509,699,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.7000000000000001" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.012499999999999999" valueMax="0.018" valueMin="0.007">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFCC095EBFDD8FF33" box="[509,572,225,251]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFF0695EBFD6DFF33" box="[571,649,225,251]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFEBC95EAFC10FF33" box="[897,1012,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF91395EBFB45FF33" box="[1070,1185,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF9E395EBFA79FF33" box="[1246,1437,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.036" valueMax="0.042" valueMin="0.03">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF9E395EBFAF9FF33" box="[1246,1309,225,251]" degrees="0.030" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.03">0.030</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF82095EBFA8EFF33" box="[1309,1386,225,251]" degrees="0.042" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.042">–0.042</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFC9A940FFDFFFED7" box="[423,539,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.036">0.036 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFF6A940FFD29FED7" box="[599,717,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Anchorate clavules often have irregular spines along the shaft, similar to the tooth of the anchor. At times the number of teeth on the anchor are so reduced that the entire anchor becomes asymmetrical. Anchorate clavules are
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFF8D9446FC95FEAF" box="[688,881,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.755" metricValueMax="8.85" metricValueMin="2.66" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.5755" valueMax="0.885" valueMin="0.266">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFF8D9446FD0BFEAF" box="[688,751,332,359]" degrees="0.266" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.266">0.266</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFFCD9446FCD8FEAF" box="[752,828,332,359]" degrees="0.885" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.885">–0.885</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF9009447FB56FEAF" box="[1085,1202,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.437">0.437 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF9D29447FA82FEAF" box="[1263,1382,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.126">0.126 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the anchor is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFC3A947BFE2CFE43" box="[263,456,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.0505" valueMax="0.077" valueMin="0.024">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFC3A947BFEA2FE43" box="[263,326,369,395]" degrees="0.024" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.024">0.024</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFC7B947BFE77FE43" box="[326,403,369,395]" degrees="0.077" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.077">–0.077</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFFAB947AFCE8FE43" box="[662,780,368,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.045">0.045 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFE77947BFC5BFE43" box="[842,959,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.013">0.013 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF93D947BFB25FE43" box="[1024,1217,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.066" valueMax="0.091" valueMin="0.041">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF93D947BFBDBFE43" box="[1024,1087,369,395]" degrees="0.041" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.041">0.041</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF902947BFB69FE43" box="[1087,1165,369,395]" degrees="0.091" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.091">–0.091</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFDF3949FFEA6FE67" box="[206,322,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.061">0.061 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFC40949EFE17FE67" box="[381,499,404,431]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4AB15BCD22AAC6DFDAA909EFCE3FA3D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383520/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" startId="15.[151,250,1428,1453]" targetBox="[151,1435,445,1406]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22AAC6DFDAA909EFCE3FA3D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1428,1525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFDAA909EFEC5FA65" bold="true" box="[151,289,1428,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFC14909FFDEDFA64" box="[297,521,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFC14909FFDE1FA64" authority="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina, 2019" authorityName="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,517,1428,1452]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hieroglyphica" status="sp. nov.">Farrea hieroglyphica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFF2C909FFD87FA65" bold="true" box="[529,611,1429,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D993245DD22AAC6DFF2C909FFD87FA65" box="[529,611,1429,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype, WAM Z92521, SEM images. A, B, one layer of farreoid skeleton together with dermal pentactins and clavules. C, loose spicules: pileate and anchorate clavules and rays of dermal pentactins. D, anchorate clavules and some irregular discoidal microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22AAC6DFDFA9328FD98F939" blockId="15.[151,1437,1570,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFDFA9328FE81F9F5" bold="true" box="[199,357,1570,1597]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Microscleres,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22AAC6DFC539329FE3BF9F5" box="[366,479,1571,1597]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
. Microscleres are represented by numerous abnormal hieroglyph-like forms derived from discohexactins and hemidiscohexasters by reduction of the rays. The forms with no secondary rays (descendants from hemidiscohexasters and discohexactins) are very rare. Most common are discoidal stauractins, tauactins and diactins (amphidiscs), sometimes with curved rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D22AAC6DFE719385FC58F961" box="[844,956,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1389,174,1915]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of Farrea hieroglyphica, sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
J–W). These discoidal spicules have rays
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFDAA93B9FEB3F905" box="[151,343,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.0115" valueMax="0.02" valueMin="0.003">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFDAA93B9FF31F905" box="[151,213,1715,1741]" degrees="0.003" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.003">0.003</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DFDE893B9FEC7F905" box="[213,291,1715,1741]" degrees="0.020" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.02">–0.020</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=25, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFF1993B9FD7DF905" box="[548,665,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.012">0.012 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFFEB93B9FCA9F905" box="[726,845,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the primary ray, when present, is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DF9E393B9FA79F905" box="[1246,1437,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.999999999999998" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.006999999999999999" valueMax="0.011" valueMin="0.003">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF9E393B9FAF9F905" box="[1246,1309,1715,1741]" degrees="0.003" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="0.003">0.003</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D22AAC6DF82193B9FA8DF905" box="[1308,1385,1715,1741]" degrees="0.011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.011">–0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (n=8, avg:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFC7793DDFE5AF939" box="[330,446,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.007">0.007 mm</quantity>
|
||
, std:
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D22AAC6DFCC493DDFD8BF939" box="[505,623,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D22AAC6DFDFA93F1FBDBF825" blockId="15.[151,1437,1570,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFDFA93F1FEDFF8DD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1787,1813]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species has a very specific complement of discoidal microscleres which have a very irregular form (hieroglyph-like), including amphidiscs. These hieroglyph-like spicules are unique for the species. However, the presence of teeth-like spines on the shafts of anchorate clavules is not a specific character as similar spicules have been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFCC89262FCFCF849" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[501,792,1895,1921]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFCC89262FD94F849" box="[501,624,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFE1F9262FB8EF849" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[802,1130,1895,1921]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="convolvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFE1F9262FC27F849" box="[802,963,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. convolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DF9499262FA7CF849" authority="Wilson, 1904" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1904" box="[1140,1432,1895,1921]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DF9499262FB1EF849" box="[1140,1274,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
Wilson, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFDAA9286FED5F86D" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,305,1931,1957]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="beringiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFDAA9286FED5F86D" box="[151,305,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. beringiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFC509286FCF8F86D" authority="Okada, 1932" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[365,796,1931,1957]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="beringiana" subSpecies="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFC509286FD99F86D" box="[365,637,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. beringiana kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
Okada, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFE179286FBB2F86D" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[810,1110,1931,1957]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFE179286FC20F86D" box="[810,964,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D22AAC6DFEF29281FBB2F86D" author="Ijima, I." box="[975,1110,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref13742" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. 106 (Monographie VI). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i-viii + 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DF9599286FA9EF86D" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[1124,1402,1931,1957]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DF9599286FB0DF86D" box="[1124,1257,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. nodulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D22AAC6DF9CE9281FA9EF86D" author="Ijima, I." box="[1267,1402,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref13742" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. 106 (Monographie VI). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i-viii + 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DF8B59286FDD7F801" authority="Reiswig & Kelly, 2011" authorityName="Reiswig & Kelly" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="medusiforma">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DF8B59286FECDF801" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. medusiforma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D22AAC6DFC0D92A5FDD7F801" author="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M." box="[304,563,1967,1993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" refId="ref14642" refString="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M. (2011) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 124. NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Wellington, 176 pp." type="book" year="2011">Reiswig & Kelly, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFF0092BAFC30F801" authority="Reiswig & Kelly, 2011" authorityName="Reiswig & Kelly" authorityYear="2011" box="[573,980,1967,1993]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raoulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFF0092BAFD29F801" box="[573,717,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. raoulensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D22AAC6DFFE992A5FC30F801" author="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M." box="[724,980,1967,1993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" refId="ref14642" refString="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M. (2011) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 124. NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Wellington, 176 pp." type="book" year="2011">Reiswig & Kelly, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rare spines were found on anchorate clavules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFC2A92DEFDC5F825" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[279,545,2003,2029]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFC2A92DEFE7DF825" box="[279,409,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. nodulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D22AAC6DFC9D92D9FDC5F825" author="Ijima, I." box="[416,545,2003,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref13742" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. 106 (Monographie VI). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i-viii + 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D22AAC6DFF6A92DEFBDFF825" authority="Duplesis and Reiswig, 2004" authorityName="Duplesis and Reiswig" authorityYear="2004" box="[599,1083,2003,2029]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="herdendorfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D22AAC6DFF6A92DEFD12F825" box="[599,758,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">F. herdendorfi</emphasis>
|
||
Duplesis and Reiswig, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4AB15BCD235AC72FDAA9284FE64F827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383522/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" startId="16.[151,250,1934,1959]" targetBox="[179,1356,185,1907]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D235AC72FDAA9284FE64F827" blockId="16.[151,1437,1934,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D235AC72FDAA9284FEC7F86F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1934,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D235AC72FC94929AFD6FF86F" box="[425,651,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D235AC72FC94929AFD63F86F" authority="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina, 2019" authorityName="Tabachnick & Fromont & Ehrlich & Menshenina" authorityYear="2019" box="[425,647,1935,1959]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hieroglyphica" status="sp. nov.">Farrea hieroglyphica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D235AC72FFA99285FD0AF86F" bold="true" box="[660,750,1935,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D993245DD235AC72FFA99285FD0EF86F" box="[660,746,1935,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, WAM Z92521. A, dermal pentactin. B, uncinate. C–G, anchorate clavules. H–I, pileate clavules. J–M, micramphidiscs. N, microstaurodisc. O–R, microtaudiscs. S–W, other abnormal discoidal microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D234AC73FDFA9593FDE0FF1F" blockId="17.[151,1436,153,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D234AC73FDFA9593FEAAFF7B" bold="true" box="[199,334,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name refers to the similarity of the discoidal microscleres to oriental hieroglyphs, which are unique to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D234AC73FDFA95EAFBD7FF33" blockId="17.[151,1436,153,251]" box="[199,1075,224,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D234AC73FDFA95EAFE85FF33" bold="true" box="[199,353,224,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently found only in the Perth Canyon at 1357 meters depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |