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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765454" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0aee75cf-6abf-4f6d-9fa1-ae8d320bc0eb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182138492" ID-ISSN="1854-0392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4765454" ID-ZooBank="AAEA5971-4C18-45C2-AA83-5DD3D622315D" checkinTime="1620922496909" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Verdone, Chris J. &amp; Kondratieff, Boris C." docDate="2018" docId="671B126BFFE2FFE6FC7EFADCAD069C77" docLanguage="en" docName="Illiesia.14.05.81-125.pdf" docOrigin="Illiesia 14 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F.3:Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleId="3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F" docStyleName="Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Remenus Ricker 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="9B226A13FFEAFFEAFFB8FFB6AC009F0E" masterDocTitle="Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="81" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1632021254008" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Verdone, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, U. S. A. E-mail: verdonec @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">verdonec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kondratieff, Boris C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, U. S. A. E-mail: verdonec @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">verdonec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>14</mods:number>
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Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Ricker, 1952" authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[1053,1313,1386,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1053,1159,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Ricker, W. E." box="[1166,1313,1386,1410]" firstAuthor="Ricker" journalOrPublisher="Indiana University Publications Science Series" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 200" part="18" publicationUrl="http://www.nativefishlab.net/library/textpdf/16861.pdf" refId="ref21230" refString="Ricker, W. E. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Indiana University Publications Science Series, 18: 1 - 200. http: // www. nativefishlab. net / library / textpdf / 16 861. pdf" title="Systematic studies in Plecoptera" type="journal article" year="1952">Ricker, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1059,1219,1423,1447]" box="[1059,1219,1423,1447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
(
<figureCitation box="[1067,1143,1423,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[189,226,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[263,724,697,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-617@1.[263,724,697,1342]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Remenus kirchneri, spring fed stream, Blue Ridge Parkway, east of Mt. Olivet Church, Floyd County, Virginia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757875/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1157,1211,1423,1447]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Figs" captionStartId-0="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionStartId-2="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionStartId-3="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox-0="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetBox-1="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetBox-2="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetBox-3="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId-0="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId-1="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId-2="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId-3="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." captionText-1="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." captionText-2="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." captionText-3="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">3–18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="89" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<typeStatus box="[873,927,1494,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName authority="Needham &amp; Claassen (1925: 95)" authorityName="Needham &amp; Claassen" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Perla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis box="[1039,1180,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Perla bilobata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Needham &amp; Claassen" firstAuthor="Needham" page="95" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 397" refId="ref20934" refString="Needham, J. G. &amp; P. W. Claassen. 1925. A Monograph of the Plecoptera or stoneflies of America north of Mexico. Thomas Say Foundation. 2: 1 - 397." type="journal article" year="1925">Needham &amp; Claassen (1925: 95)</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1271,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1833" box="[873,1072,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Isogenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,958,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Isogenus</emphasis>
(Remenus
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)
<treatmentCitation author="Ricker, W. E." box="[1085,1271,1558,1580]" page="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation author="Ricker" box="[1085,1271,1558,1580]" firstAuthor="Ricker" page="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref21230" refString="Ricker, W. E. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Indiana University Publications Science Series, 18: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1952">Ricker (1952: 122)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1143,1591,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1143,1591,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Illies, J." box="[873,1143,1591,1613]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1966">
<taxonomicName authority=": Illies (1966: 376)" authorityName="Illies" authorityPageNumber="376" authorityYear="1966" box="[873,1143,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Illies" box="[974,1143,1591,1613]" firstAuthor="Illies" page="376" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" refId="ref20548" refString="Illies, J. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierrech. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1966">Illies (1966: 376)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1200,1623,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1200,1623,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Hitchcock, S. W." box="[873,1200,1623,1645]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1974">
<taxonomicName authority=": Hitchcock (1974: 214)" authorityName="Hitchcock" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1974" box="[873,1200,1623,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1624,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock" box="[974,1200,1623,1645]" firstAuthor="Hitchcock" page="214" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref20505" refString="Hitchcock, S. W. 1974. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. Bulletin of the State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, 107: 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Hitchcock (1974: 214)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1260,1656,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1260,1656,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[873,1260,1656,1678]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1984">
<taxonomicName authority=": Stewart &amp; Stark (1984: 406)" authorityName="Stewart &amp; Stark" authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="1984" box="[873,1260,1656,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart &amp; Stark" box="[974,1260,1656,1678]" firstAuthor="Stewart" page="406" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="373 - 415" refId="ref21654" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark. 1984. Nymphs of North American Perlodinae genera (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Great Basin Naturalist, 44: 373 - 415." type="journal article" year="1984">Stewart &amp; Stark (1984: 406)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1260,1688,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1260,1688,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[873,1260,1688,1710]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1988">
<taxonomicName authority=": Stewart &amp; Stark (1988: 402)" authorityName=": Stewart &amp; Stark" authorityPageNumber="402" authorityYear="1988" box="[873,1260,1688,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart &amp; Stark" box="[974,1260,1688,1710]" firstAuthor="Stewart" page="402" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 460" refId="ref21691" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark. 1988. Nymphs of North American stonefly genera (Plecoptera). Entomological Society of America. Thomas Say Foundation Series, 12: 1 - 460." type="journal article" year="1988">Stewart &amp; Stark (1988: 402)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1322,1720,1742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1322,1720,1742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson" box="[873,1322,1720,1742]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="1995">
<taxonomicName authority=": Kondratieff &amp; Nelson (1995: 596)" authorityName="Kondratieff &amp; Nelson" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1995" box="[873,1322,1720,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff &amp; Nelson" box="[974,1322,1720,1742]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" page="596" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="596 - 602" refId="ref20747" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. &amp; C. H. Nelson. 1995. A review of the genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (3): 596 - 602." type="journal article" year="1995">Kondratieff &amp; Nelson (1995: 596)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1260,1753,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1260,1753,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[873,1260,1753,1775]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="2002">
<taxonomicName authority=": Stewart &amp; Stark (2002: 437)" authorityName="Stewart &amp; Stark" authorityPageNumber="437" authorityYear="2002" box="[873,1260,1753,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart &amp; Stark" box="[974,1260,1753,1775]" firstAuthor="Stewart" page="437" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" refId="ref21732" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark. 2002. Nymphs of North American stonefly genera, 2 nd ed. The Caddis Press. Columbus, Ohio. xii + 510 pp." type="book" year="2002">Stewart &amp; Stark (2002: 437)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1215,1785,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1215,1785,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Kondratieff, B. C." box="[873,1215,1785,1807]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="2004">
<taxonomicName authority=": Kondratieff (2004: 164)" authorityName="Kondratieff" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="2004" box="[873,1215,1785,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff" box="[974,1215,1785,1807]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" page="164" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref20668" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. 2004. Perlodidae - Perlodinae (The Springflies). Pp. 149 - 180. In: B. P. Stark &amp; B. J. Armitage (eds.), The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of eastern North America. Volume II. Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, and Perlodidae (Perlodinae). Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Volume 14 (4): 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="2004">Kondratieff (2004: 164)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[873,1443,1494,1839]" box="[873,1148,1817,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[873,1148,1817,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitation author="Stark, B. P." box="[873,1148,1817,1839]" page=")" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" year="2017">
<taxonomicName authority=": Stark (2017: 236)" authorityName=": Stark" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="2017" box="[873,1148,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[873,962,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Remenus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Stark" box="[974,1148,1817,1839]" firstAuthor="Stark" page="236" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="161 - 247" refId="ref21413" refString="Stark, B. P. 2017. Plecoptera. Pp. 161 - 247. In: J. C Morse, W. P. McCafferty, B. P. Stark, L. M Jacobus (eds.), Larvae of the Southeastern USA mayfly, stonefly, and caddisfly species. Biota of South Carolina. Vol. 9. Clemson University Public Service Publishing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. 482 pp." type="book chapter" year="2017">Stark (2017: 236)</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[189,797,199,331]" lastBlockId="9.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,258,199,223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Male.</emphasis>
Macropterous; forewing length 9.1–11.0 mm (n = 40). Body length
<quantity box="[444,593,235,259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="7.9">7.9–10.6 mm</quantity>
(n = 40). General body color yellow-gold with light brown markings
<figureCitation box="[189,253,307,331]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[189,226,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[263,724,697,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-617@1.[263,724,697,1342]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Remenus kirchneri, spring fed stream, Blue Ridge Parkway, east of Mt. Olivet Church, Floyd County, Virginia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757875/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Head as wide as, or wider than pronotum; crossveins (
<figureCitation box="[971,1038,199,223]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Y-arms of mesosternum meeting posterior corners of furcal pits. Femora pale, light brown dorsally. Tibia pale, light brown dorsally. Tarsi light brown. Abdominal sterna pale to yellowgold; lobe on 7
<superScript attach="left" box="[1024,1039,344,358]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">th</superScript>
sternum well developed, lightly pigmented, narrowly rounded, apex rounded (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); lobe on 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[979,994,416,430]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">th</superScript>
sternum reduced, ~ ⅓ the size of lobe on sternum 7, triangular, lightly pigmented, apex acutely rounded (
<figureCitation box="[1049,1119,487,511]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Abdominal terga usually yellow-gold, with variable color pattern, covered in regularly spaced with setae; terga 8 and 9 with variable patches of sensilla basiconica (
<figureCitation box="[1351,1429,595,619]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Hemitergal lobes variously produced with long trichoid sensilla and various densities of sensilla basiconica (
<figureCitation box="[978,1053,703,727]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Cerci pale, setose (
<figureCitation box="[1317,1430,703,727]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
). Lateral stylets absent. Epiproct variable, small, mostly membranous; with or without a mediodorsal sclerite (
<figureCitation box="[1095,1165,811,835]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Membranous portion covered in dense, minute hair-like spinulae. Paragenital plates flap-like, triangular or rounded (
<figureCitation box="[843,955,919,943]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox-0="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetBox-1="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId-0="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId-1="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." captionText-1="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
). Basal cowl clothed in dense variably pigmented spinulae (
<figureCitation box="[1107,1185,955,979]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus entirely membranous with two lateral and two posterodorsal lobes (
<figureCitation box="[1080,1185,1027,1051]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="3.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox-0="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetBox-1="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId-0="figure-427@3.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId-1="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs. 3–6. Remenus bilobatus, adult male. 3. Head and pronotum, AO = anterior ocellus, AS = antennal scape, ES = epicranial suture, Fr = frons, IoA = interocellular area, LO = lateral ocelli, MPA = medial pale area, Ro = rugosities, Th1 = pronotum. 4. Right forewing, A = anal vein, ACS, apical costal space, C = Costal vein, Cu = cubital vein, M = median vein, R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector vein, Sc = subcostal vein. 5. Male abdominal sterna 7–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, SL = sternal lobe. 6. Male abdominal terga 8–10, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, BA = basal anchor, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate, SB = sensilla basiconica." captionText-1="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757881" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4757881/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,929,1063,1087]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Female.</emphasis>
Macropterous; forewing length 9.4–12.0 mm (n = 40). Body length
<quantity box="[1173,1326,1099,1123]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.26" metricValueMin="0.88" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="10.7" valueMax="12.6" valueMin="8.8">8.8–12.6 mm</quantity>
(n = 40). General body coloration similar to male. Abdominal terga and sterna generally uniformly pale yellow. Subgenital plate broadly rounded or broadly triangular, produced over ½ sternum 9, or beyond (
<figureCitation box="[843,917,1279,1303]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); with regularly spaced setae; a variable glabrous basolateral crease is present at the base of the subgenital plate and extends anteriorly up to ⅓ into tergum 8 (
<figureCitation box="[1009,1076,1386,1411]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4765452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4765452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" startId="9.[189,226,1172,1196]" targetBox="[266,719,369,1126]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[189,797,1172,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
Fig. 20. Adult male habitus of
<taxonomicName authority=", Calfpasture River, Augusta County" authorityName="Calfpasture River, Augusta County" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis box="[581,790,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Remenus bilobatus</emphasis>
, Calfpasture River, Augusta County
</taxonomicName>
, Virginia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757895/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" startId="9.[189,230,1280,1304]" targetBox="[266,719,369,1126]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[189,797,1280,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 1). Head as wide as, or wider than pronotum; dorsum of head covered with sparse setae (Fig. 3); interocellular area enclosed with medium brown pigment (Fig. 3); pigment generally narrows towards the anterior ocellus and extends laterally from anterior ocellus to center of lateral ocelli; epicranial suture extending well beyond lateral ocelli (Fig. 3); frons and clypeus with medial triangular light brown patch (Fig. 3). Antennal scape medium brown, flagellum light brown, diffuse laterally on basal 4 segments (Fig. 3). Pronotum covered in regularly spaced setae, with medial pale area and glabrous rugosities mediolaterally (Fig. 3); anterior margin broadly rounded; lateral margins nearly straight, sometimes irregular; anterior and posterior margins light brown to brown (Fig. 3). Wings hyaline, covered in amber colored setae (Fig. 4); veins light brown; apical costal space with 2–3</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="9.[835,1444,199,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,918,1422,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Ovum.</emphasis>
Length 434–460 μm; width 324–361 μm (n = 12). Turtle-shaped with a ventrally positioned collar (
<figureCitation box="[843,908,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Mature ovum with a membranous covering, adorned with regularly spaced globules in clusters of 2–5 (
<figureCitation box="[919,986,1567,1591]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Dorsum of chorion smooth with very faint diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions. Dorsal keel extending from collar center to ovum center (
<figureCitation box="[930,1004,1675,1699]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Collar with prominent diamondshaped follicle cell impressions dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation box="[973,1109,1747,1771]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
). Ovum margin with a thickened raised edge. Micropyles positioned ventrally; arranged in a latitudinal row of 6 near the collar ⅓ (
<figureCitation box="[944,1025,1854,1879]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[189,238,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[438,1194,225,951]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Remenus bilobatus adult and ovum. 7. Male terminalia, lateral, A = posterodorsal lobes, Ae = aedeagus, Ab = abdominal segment, B = lateral lobes, Co = Cowl, DS = dorsal sclerite, Ep = epiproct, HL = hemitergal lobe, PP = paragenital plate. 8. Female abdominal sterna 8–10, Ab = abdominal segment, BC = basolateral crease, SP = subgenital plate. 9. Ovum, dorsal, A = globules, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = collar, D = dorsal keel. 10. Ovum, ventral, A = Collar, B = diamond-shaped follicle cell impressions, C = micropyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[835,1444,199,1914]" lastBlockId="11.[189,798,1149,1929]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,910,1890,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Larva.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity box="[1066,1215,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="11.4" valueMin="8.3">8.3–11.4 mm</quantity>
, (n = 19). Preserved specimen yellow-brown. Head wider than pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[323,403,1243,1267]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); dorsum of head yellow- brown; frons with a faint, thin, pale M-shaped mark (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); pale enclosed oval spots anterolateral of lateral ocelli, anterior of epicranial suture (
<figureCitation box="[633,712,1351,1375]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig 11</figureCitation>
); large enclosed oval spots posterolateral of lateral ocelli, posterior of epicranial suture (Fig, 11); 2–4 postocular setae (
<figureCitation box="[464,578,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); frontoclypeus unpigmented; labrum anterior margin with a setal fringe (
<figureCitation box="[275,355,1531,1555]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); medial lobe of labrum with a dense fringe of golden setae. Lacinia unidentate (
<figureCitation box="[702,784,1567,1591]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); lacinia sickle-shaped, tapering evenly from apical tooth and bearing stout, rounded, basal knob (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); apical tooth with ~ 12 minute irregularly spaced setae extending halfway up the lacinia from the inner basal surface across the dorsal surface to the distal margin (
<figureCitation box="[389,485,1783,1807]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Basal knob with 5–6 submarginal minute setae (
<figureCitation box="[506,587,1819,1843]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Mandible with 5 teeth and without a deep cleft between the apical and subapical teeth (
<figureCitation box="[452,539,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated; dorsum of mandibles with a dense patch of stout setae (
<figureCitation box="[1350,1428,1243,1267]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); proximal margin with a dense brush of stout setae on apical ⅓ (
<figureCitation box="[987,1068,1315,1339]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palp slightly longer than lacinia (
<figureCitation box="[996,1081,1351,1375]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Submental gills absent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Pronotum yellow-brown; 10–16 long erect marginal setae on each side; lateral margins of pronotum brown (
<figureCitation box="[1069,1157,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,238,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetId="figure-383@5.[438,1194,225,981]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Remenus bilobatus, larva, 11. Head and pronotum, A = pale M-shaped mark, B = pale enclosed anterolateral oval spot, C = postocular setae, D = large enclosed posterolateral oval spot, E = long erect marginal setae, ES = epicranial suture, Lb = labrum, Mp = maxillary palp, Th1 = pronotum. 12. Left lacinia, dorsal, A = minute irregularly spaced setae, B = minute submarginal setae, BK = basal knob. 13. Left mandible, dorsal, A = Middle three teeth with proximal margins lightly serrated. 14. Head, ventral, Gl = glossa, La = lacinia, Lb = labrum, LP = labial palp, Ma = mandible, MP = maxillary palp, Pg = paraglossa, PM = prementum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Meso- and metanota yellow-brown; with 0–1 seta on either side of midline; 1–6 anterolateral setae (
<figureCitation box="[1217,1298,1531,1555]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); wing pads with 1–7 marginal setae on proximal margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Y-arms of mesosternum reach the posterior corners of furcal pits. Femora pale yellow-brown with long stout setae over surface and without a dorsal fringe of silky setae. Tibia with short stout submarginal setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces and a dorsal fringe of silky setae. Tarsi with a short dorsal fringe of silky setae. Abdominal terga yellow-brown, with a posterior fringe of variable length setae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); longest setae ~ ⅔ length of tergum; terga 1–2 without intercalary setae (
<figureCitation box="[509,592,1149,1173]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); terga 4-10 with &lt;
<specimenCount box="[214,379,1185,1209]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" type="intercalary">35 intercalary</specimenCount>
setae (
<figureCitation box="[469,555,1185,1209]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sterna pale yellow-brown; sterna 1–2 without a posterior fringe or intercalary setae; sternum 3 occasionally with a single posterior seta laterally; sterna 4–8 with &lt;
<specimenCount box="[218,387,1328,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" type="intercalary">35 intercalary</specimenCount>
setae and a posterior fringe of variable length setae that is interrupted medially (
<figureCitation box="[197,280,1401,1425]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); highest concentration of intercalary setae on abdominal segments 7–9 (
<figureCitation box="[532,664,1437,1461]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
); female 8
<superScript attach="none" box="[783,798,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
sternum with a thin darkened strip posteromedially (
<figureCitation box="[197,281,1509,1533]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); posterior fringe complete on sterna 9–10 (
<figureCitation box="[197,288,1545,1569]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Mature male larvae with an elongate terminal process (developing epiproct) with a constriction at the basal ⅓, apical ⅔ thin and tapered (
<figureCitation box="[197,285,1652,1677]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Mature larvae with paired medial and lateral spots on the abdominal terga. Cerci with whorls of short or long setae, or a combination of both (
<figureCitation box="[257,389,1761,1785]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1063,1087]" captionTargetBox="[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-398@6.[438,1194,261,1017]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15–18. Remenus bilobatus, larva. 15. Meso- Meta-nota, A = mesonotal anterolateral setae, B = metanotal anterolateral setae, C = mediolateral seta, D = marginal setae, Th2 = mesonotum, Th3 = metanotum. 16. Male abdominal terga 6–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intercalary setae, C = basal cercal segments, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct). 17. Female sterna 7–10, A = posterior setal fringe, Ab = abdominal segment, B = darkened posteromedially strip, C = intercalary setae. 18. Male sterna 8–10, A = basal cercal segments, Ab = abdominal segment, B = intersegmental setae, C = intersegmental setae, Ep = male terminal process (developing epiproct)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757889/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Figs. 16, 18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757897/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" startId="10.[189,238,1027,1051]" targetBox="[438,1194,225,981]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[189,1443,1027,1124]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
Figs. 21–24.
<taxonomicName box="[331,533,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis box="[331,533,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Remenus bilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male. 21. Right forewing, Crooked Creek, Carroll County, Virginia. 22. Head and pronotum, Calfpasture River, Augusta County, Virginia. 23–24. Blackrock Spring, SHEN, Albemarle County, Virginia. 23. Terminalia, dorsal, 24. Terminalia, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" startId="11.[189,238,969,993]" targetBox="[438,1194,225,922]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[189,1443,969,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
Figs. 25–28.
<taxonomicName box="[348,559,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis box="[348,559,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus bilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male, Blackrock Spring, Albemarle County, Virginia. 25. Male hemitergal lobe. 26. Male terminalia, dorsal. 27. Male epiproct, dorsolateral. 28. Male epiproct, hair-like setae, dorsolateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="11.[189,798,1149,1929]" lastBlockId="11.[835,1443,1149,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,319,1796,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Regionally,
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[468,567,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[468,567,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName authority="(Banks, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[390,791,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis box="[390,616,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Diploperla duplicata</emphasis>
(Banks, 1920)
</taxonomicName>
. The two are often sympatric and share the following characters: (1) male tenth tergum partially cleft; (2) lobe on 7
<superScript attach="left" box="[965,980,1149,1163]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
sternum well developed, narrowly rounded, and lobe on 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[1114,1129,1185,1199]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
sternum reduced, ~ ⅓ the size of lobe on 7
<superScript attach="left" box="[1044,1059,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
sternum; (3) female subgenital plate broadly rounded with a membranous basolateral crease; (4) interocellular area enclosed with medium brown pigment that generally narrows towards the anterior ocellus and extends laterally from anterior ocellus to center of lateral ocelli; (5) larvae and adults lack submental gills; (6) larvae are similarly concolorous; (7) larvae have a dorsal fringe of setae on the tibia and lack a fringe on the femora; and (8) ova are turtle shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[835,1443,1149,1928]" lastBlockId="12.[189,797,793,889]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
Adult males of
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[1061,1160,1581,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1061,1160,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[835,975,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis box="[835,975,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">D. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a well-developed epiproct and the lack of lateral stylets. Adult females of
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[879,978,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[879,978,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ by the presence of distinct mesosternal Y-arms and &lt;3 cross veins in the apical costal space. Whereas
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1094,1227,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis box="[1094,1227,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">D. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has&gt; 5 cross veins in the apical costal space. Larvae of
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[1295,1394,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1295,1394,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1177,1322,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis box="[1177,1322,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">D. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their unidentate lacinia and well-developed mesosternal Y-arms. Ova of
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Stark" authorityYear="2017" box="[1018,1117,1905,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Remenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1018,1117,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Remenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also easily separated by their relatively smooth chorionic surface and the diamond-shaped follicle cell impression on the collar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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