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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b09b328e-de27-4071-8af6-eec29dc3b1df" ID-PMC="PMC6160804" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-107-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="686CFF85FFADFFEAC033443CF54BFFFC" ID-PubMed="30271249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1346433" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-107-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 107" ModsDocTitle="A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae)" checkinTime="1555330651054" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kartonegoro, Abdulrokhman, Veldkamp, Jan Frits, Hovenkamp, Peter &amp; Welzen, Peter van" docDate="2018" docId="5A0576F49C1722BAF7B94650511497E8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 107: 1-178" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 107" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548" docTitle="Dissochaeta bracteata Blume, Flora 14: 495. 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="686CFF85FFADFFEAC033443CF54BFFFC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="686CFF85FFADFFEAC033443CF54BFFFC" masterDocTitle="A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae)" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139007331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kartonegoro, Abdulrokhman</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Veldkamp, Jan Frits</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hovenkamp, Peter</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Welzen, Peter van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>107</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>178</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-107-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">686CFF85FFADFFEAC033443CF54BFFFC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1346433</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A0576F49C1722BAF7B94650511497E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A0576F49C1722BAF7B94650511497E8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
11.
<taxonomicName LSID="D81B6B17-773C-5551-BBBE-B4CBD432F5D7" authority="(Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 495. 1831." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Dissochaeta bracteata (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 495. 1831.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 8. Dissochaeta bracteata a habit b branchlet c hypanthium d flower e fruits. Photographs by A. Kartonegoro; vouchers Kartonegoro 1074 (BO, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/222108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 7" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Map 7. Distribution of D. bracteata (●)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548.map7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/222109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melastoma bracteatum" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">Melastoma bracteatum</taxonomicName>
Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 9. 1823 (&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">bracteata</taxonomicName>
&quot;).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Dissochaeta bracteata</taxonomicName>
Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 237, tab. 55. 1844,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nom. illeg.</emphasis>
, non Blume (1831). Type: Indonesia. West Sumatra: Doekoe, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated here: L [L0822680]!; isolectotype: L [L0822679]!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Naud" authorityYear="1851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteosa">Dissochaeta bracteosa</taxonomicName>
Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.
<normalizedToken originalValue="sér">ser</normalizedToken>
. 3, 15: 76. 1851. Type: Malaysia. Pulo Pinang, Mar 1837, C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gaudichaud-Beaupré">Gaudichaud-Beaupre</normalizedToken>
97 (lectotype, designated here: P [P02274815, image seen]!; isolectotype P [P02274816, image seen]!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta korthalsii" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="korthalsii">Dissochaeta korthalsii</taxonomicName>
Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 528. 1855,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nom. superfl</emphasis>
. Type: Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">Dissochaeta bracteata</taxonomicName>
Korth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Malaysia. Penang, Jack s.n. (lost); Malaysia. Penang, N. Wallich 4044 (neotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v13i2.2133" author="Kartonegoro, A" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="125 - 145" refId="B34" refString="Kartonegoro, A, Veldkamp, JF, 2010. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13 (2): 125 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v13i2.2133" title="Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v13i2.2133" volume="13" year="2010">Kartonegoro and Veldkamp 2010</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 129): K [K000859538]!; isoneotypes: BM!, K [K000859537]!).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1346489" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/222108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dissochaeta bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
branchlet
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
hypanthium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
fruits. Photographs by A. Kartonegoro; vouchers Kartonegoro 1074 (BO, L).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1346545" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.107.26548.map7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/222109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 7" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 7.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(●).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Climbing up to 15 m in height. Branchlets terete, 3-5 mm in diameter, stellate-puberulous; nodes swollen, interpetiolar ridge undulate, densely brown pubescent; internodes 8-11 cm long. Leaves: petioles terete, 5-10 mm long, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous; blades ovate, 6-13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-7 cm, chartaceous, base cordate to subcordate, margin entire, apex acuminate, tip 0.3-0.5 cm long; nervation with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves and 1 pair of intramarginal nerves; adaxially glabrous, glossy, with prominent nervation, abaxially glabrous to sparsely stellate-punctate, young leaves densely stellate-furfuraceous. Inflorescences terminal, up to 20 cm long, many-flowered; main axis stellate-puberulous; primary axes up to 15 cm long with 5 or 6 nodes, secondary axes 2.5-3.5 cm long with 1 or 2 nodes, teriary axes 0.8-1 cm long with 1 node; bracts ovate, 10-12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6 mm, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous; bracteoles ovate or ovate-oblong, 5-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-4 mm, reflexed inside, enclosing the flower bud, densely stellate-furfuraceous; pedicels brown stellate-furfuraceous, 4-5 mm long in central flowers, 1-2 mm long in lateral flowers. Hypanthium tubular, 3-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-4 mm, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous, ridge conspicuous; calyx lobes truncate with rounded or triangular tip, 1-2 mm long, stellate-furfuraceous; petal bud conical, 1-4 mm long; mature petals ovate, ca. 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7 mm, reflexed, base clawed, apex rounded, glabrous or with appressed hairs at base inside, bright purple with white lines. Stamens 8, unequal, filaments curved sideways, whitish; alternipetalous stamens with 6-8 mm long filaments, anthers linear or lanceolate, curved, sickle-shaped, thecae 13-15 mm long, pink, pedoconnective 3-4 mm, basal crests erose or triangular, irregular, ca. 1 mm long, yellow, lateral appendages paired, filiform, 3-5 mm long, sometimes divided at the apex; oppositipetalous stamens with 5-6 mm long filaments, slightly bent at apex, stipopodium ca. 1 mm long, anthers lanceolate, S-shaped, locule 8-10 mm long, thick, bright white or yellow with pink apex, basal crest hastate, 1-2 mm long, yellow, lateral appendages paired, filiform, 4-5 mm long. Ovary half as long as the hypanthium, apex pubescent; style glabrous or subglabrescent, 6-10 mm long, curved at top; stigma minute; extra-ovarial chambers 8, extending to the middle and the base of the ovary. Fruits urceolate, elongate, 6-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5 mm, stellate-puberulous to nearly glabrous, yellowish-green when unripe; calyx lobes caducous. Seeds ca. 0.5 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand (Chanthaburi), Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Malacca and Penang), Sumatra (North, West and Belitung), Java (West), Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), Philippines (Panay) and Moluccas (Ceram).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Secondary montane forest or on the edge of the forest and open area at 600-900 m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Peninsular Malaysia:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">oosa</emphasis>
(Malay). Sumatra:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">andor si ramu dalik</emphasis>
(Batak).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Dissochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dissochaeta bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dissochaeta bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinct ovate bracteoles, which cover the hypanthium when in bud. It is sometimes confused with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. annulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has similar robust chartaceous leaves and inflorescences, but differs in having a much more glabrous or puberulous abaxially leaf surface. The hypanthium of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. bracteata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is urceolate, more campanulate in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. annulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even though the species has a wider distribution than any other species, its occurrence is rather scattered in each region with low numbers of samples.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">THAILAND. Chanthaburi</emphasis>
: Khao Soi Dao, 1800 m, 28 Apr 1930, A.F.G. Kerr 19192 (BM, K).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MALAYSIA. Kedah</emphasis>
: Gurun, Gunung Jerai, 16 Jul 1994, Zainudin et al. 5131 (K, L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Malacca</emphasis>
: A.C. Maingay KD 791 (1217) (K).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Penang</emphasis>
: N. Wallich 4044 (BM, K);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Mar 1837, C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gaudichaud-Béaupre">Gaudichaud-Beaupre</normalizedToken>
97 (P); Government Hill, Apr 1890, C. Curtis 2298 (K); Penang Hill, 730 m, 14 Sep 1966, Ding Hou 839 (K, L); Batu Pulau, 1905, W. Fox s.n. (BM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selangor</emphasis>
: Genting Highlands, Gunong Ulu Kali, 1600 m, 3 Jun 1978, J.F. Maxwell 78-308 (L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sabah</emphasis>
: Beaufort, Quary, 12 Sep 1970, Aban Gibot SAN 66948 (K); Beluran, Ulu Tungud Forest Reserve, 600 m, 24 Jul 2005, Joanes et al. SAN 146905 (K); Papar, Keningau Road, 20 Feb 1975, Abdul Karim SAN 78421 (K, L); Penampang, Inobong, 22 Jul 2010, Aloysius et al. SAN 152101 (L); Ranau, Mount Kinabalu, Kota Belud to Kibayo, 28 Oct 1915, M.S. Clemens 9816 (BO, PNH);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Dallas, 900 m, Sep 1931, J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 30339 (BO, K, L);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Between Kota Belud and Kaliau, 450 m, 11 Mar 1954, S. Darnton 505 (BM);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Nosurong, 19 May 1986, Amin &amp; Jarius SAN 114333 (L); Tawau, Silimpopon, St. Lucia, 22 m, 5 Jun 1940, P. Orolfo 22 (K, L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarawak</emphasis>
: Kuching, 19 Apr 1893, G.D. Haviland 151 (BM, K, L);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Mount Santubong, May 1961, Hj. Bujang S.13494 (K);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Belvedere 15 m, 12 Sep 1955, J.W. Purseglove P.4353 (K, L); Lundu, Sematan, Gunung Pueh, 820 m, 23 Jun 1974, James et al. S.34495 (K, L);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Pandan, 25 May 1986, Abang Mohtar et al. S.53018 (AAU, L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">INDONESIA. Bangka-Belitung</emphasis>
: Belitung Island, Manggar, J.E. Teijsmann s.n. (BO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">North Sumatra</emphasis>
: Deli Serdang, Bangun Purba, 175 m, 14 Mar 1925, J.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lörzing">Loerzing</normalizedToken>
11439 (BO); Asahan, Dolok Tomouan, 1000 m, 10-15 Jun 1936, Rahmat Si Boeea 9075 (L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">West Sumatra</emphasis>
: Padang, Limau Manis, 400 m, 5 Sep 2017, A. Kartonegoro 1056 (BO, L); Lima Puluh Kota, Pangkalan Koto Baharu, 100 m, Apr 1915, E. Jacobson 2412 (BO);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ibid.</emphasis>
, Harau Valley, Sarasah Bonta, 500 m, 11 Sep 2017, Kartonegoro 1074 (BO, L); Padang Panjang, 550 m, 1 Aug 1957, W. Meijer 7180 (L); Pariaman, Duku, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">West Java</emphasis>
: Bogor, Bolang, Cirangsad, 600 m, 19 Jul 1912, C.A. Backer 4139 (BO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moluccas</emphasis>
: Ceram, Masohi, Wae Ruwata, 150-200 m, 2 Dec 1990, J.S. Burley &amp; Tukirin 4325 (BO, K, L).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PHILIPPINES. Panay</emphasis>
: Capiz, Oct-Nov 1925, G.E. Edano BS 46108 (BO, P).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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