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<document id="9DD0562A317F96D1708A61CBAD22E188" ID-CLB-Dataset="50736" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171844" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e55c8d5f-d018-472e-ac39-90b4a6a6122b" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171844" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459758790652" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martin, Jon H." docDate="2006" docId="255987D0FFB27E1DFEA7FE35FB7BFD61" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01128p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1128" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paraleyrodes perseae Quaintance" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="D960FFA8FFB77E16FFAFFF84FFDAFFFF" masterDocTitle="The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698218865963" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="03414CBB2119272E3E8B47334C07530E">The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC45AD11985715BA69A969824D61EDB3">Martin, Jon H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7410E5F83A812D5679E195BDEB1766CE">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="8318DAFE3B8B79CD81D7D41AB38AD1E0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="255987D0FFB27E1DFEA7FE35FB7BFD61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263613" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119344297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263613" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:255987D0FFB27E1DFEA7FE35FB7BFD61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/255987D0FFB27E1DFEA7FE35FB7BFD61" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFB27E13FEA7FE35FE4AFE11" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7FE35FD6FFE34" blockId="5.[264,693,433,494]" box="[264,693,433,459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="F60781AAFFB27E13FEA7FE35FD6FFE34" bold="true" box="[264,693,433,459]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB27E13FEA7FE35FD6FFE34" ID-CoL="6TPLC" authority="Quaintance" authorityName="Quaintance" box="[264,693,433,459]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FEA7FE35FD6FFE34" bold="true" box="[264,693,433,459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FEA7FE35FDD2FE34" bold="true" box="[264,520,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Paraleyrodes perseae</emphasis>
(Quaintance)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7FE50FE4AFE11" blockId="5.[264,693,433,494]" box="[264,400,468,494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FEBFFE50FE5DFE11" box="[272,391,468,494]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId-0="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox-0="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." captionText-1="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 5–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFB27E13FEA7FDA0FC2DFA76" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7FDA0FCB8FDA4" blockId="5.[264,1323,547,667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DE011E8FFB27E13FEA7FDA0FCB8FDA4" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB27E13FEA7FDA0FD63FDC4" authority="Quaintance, 1900: 32" authorityName="Quaintance" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1900" box="[264,697,548,571]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FEA7FDA0FE17FDC4" box="[264,461,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2C5110D7FFB27E13FE7BFDA0FD63FDC4" author="Quaintance" box="[468,697,548,571]" page="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFB27E13FE7BFDA0FD4EFDC4" author="Quaintance" box="[468,660,548,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1900) Contribution towards a monograph of the American Aleurodidae. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 8, 9 - 64." type="journal article" year="1900">Quaintance, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–33.
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFB27E13FD42FDA0FC81FDC4" box="[749,859,548,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FCCAFDA0FC41FDC4" box="[869,923,548,571]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
(Florida),
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FBA2FDA7FB65FDC4" bold="true" box="[1037,1215,547,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">here designated</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB27E13FEA7FDC0FC84FDA4" authority="(Quaintance) Cockerell, 1903: 663" authorityName="(Quaintance) Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="663" authorityYear="1903" box="[264,862,580,603]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FEA7FDC0FE38FDA4" box="[264,482,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Aleurodicus perseae</emphasis>
(Quaintance)
<treatmentCitation id="2C5110D7FFB27E13FDD5FDC0FC84FDA4" author="Cockerell" box="[634,862,580,603]" page="663" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFB27E13FDD5FDC0FCF2FDA4" author="Cockerell" box="[634,808,580,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1903) The White Fly (Aleyrodes citri) and its allies. Bulletin of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station 67, 662 - 666." type="journal article" year="1903">Cockerell, 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 663
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7FDE0FE80FD64" blockId="5.[264,1323,547,667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DE011E8FFB27E13FEA7FDE0FE80FD64" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB27E13FEA7FDE0FC53FD84" ID-CoL="6TPLC" authority="(Quaintance) Quaintance, 1909: 170" authorityName="(Quaintance) Quaintance" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1909" box="[264,905,612,635]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FEA7FDE0FE29FD84" box="[264,499,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Paraleyrodes perseae</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="2C5110D7FFB27E13FDACFDE0FC53FD84" author="Quaintance" box="[515,905,612,635]" page="170" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFB27E13FDACFDE0FC89FD84" author="Quaintance" box="[515,851,612,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 12, 169 - 174." type="journal article" year="1909">Quaintance) Quaintance, 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 170
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–173;
<treatmentCitation id="2C5110D7FFB27E13FC61FDE0FAC7FD84" author="Quaintance" box="[974,1309,612,635]" page="82" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFB27E13FC61FDE0FB2CFD84" author="Quaintance" box="[974,1270,612,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. &amp; Baker, A. C. (1913) Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part I. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 27, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1913">
Quaintance &amp;
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FBC1FDE0FB75FD84" box="[1134,1199,612,635]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Baker</collectingCountry>
, 1913
</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
– 83.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7FD43FC2DFA76" blockId="5.[264,1324,711,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
PUPARIUM (n=20).
<quantity id="6A089B23FFB27E13FDACFD43FD77FD1E" box="[515,685,711,737]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.76" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.62">0.62–0.90 mm</quantity>
long, outline oval, margin almost smooth. One pair of large compound pores (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FD9DFD6BFDA5FCF6" box="[562,639,751,777]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) present on cephalic segment and each of abdominal segments V–VIII, all similar in size with overall diameter 20–36 (usually 24–32) m; ring of spinneret cells 10–18 (usually 12–16) m in diameter, with 4–8 cells (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FBF3FCBBFB79FCA6" box="[1116,1187,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), each with an elongate spline issuing from it (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FD31FCE3FD3CFC7E" box="[670,742,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); between ring of spinneret cells and boundary of compound pore is a narrow annulus with much finer cells; inner lumen of compound pore (when detail can be seen) divided into irregular segments (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FC6AFC33FBD5FC2E" box="[965,1039,951,977]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). A single pair of small compound pores present, on abdominal segment III,
<quantity id="6A089B23FFB27E13FCC1FC5BFC3FFC06" box="[878,997,991,1017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 m</quantity>
in diameter, about the same size as the thoracic cicatrices (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FDC6FB83FD75FBDE" box="[617,687,1031,1057]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); the pair of small compound pores usually present on abdominal segment IV of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB27E13FDEAFBABFD3BFBB7" ID-CoL="6F9B" box="[581,737,1071,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB27E13FDEAFBABFD3BFBB7" box="[581,737,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
puparia is absent. Subdorsum sparsely provided with small pore/porette geminate pairs, usually a single pairing to either side of abdominal segments V–VII (but not VIII) (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FD2DFBFBFD31FB66" box="[642,747,1151,1177]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
) and most cephalothoracic segments; abdominal segments III and IV each with a subdorsal cluster of 2–5 slightly larger “bright” pores and (mesad) 1–2 tiny spines (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FDEEFB4BFD57FB16" box="[577,653,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Outer submargin with a ring of widely­spaced small crater­like glands (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FE43FB73FD83FAEE" box="[492,601,1271,1297]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
) between the ring of submarginal setal bases and puparial margin, each one similar in size to a setal base, about 2–4 per pair of setae. Vasiform orifice (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FECAFAC3FE76FA9E" box="[357,428,1351,1377]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) cordate, smooth; operculum as figured, with a pair of tiny setae near midpoint of posterior edge; lingula head as figured, slightly angular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFB27E13FE97FA13FE7BF88F" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FE97FA13FDAFF986" blockId="5.[264,1324,711,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
ADULT MALE (n=8). Body 0.90–1.00 mm long, genital segment
<quantity id="6A089B23FFB27E13FBFDFA13FAD6FA4E" box="[1106,1292,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.075" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.7075" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.115">0.115–1.30 mm</quantity>
in maximum dimension, claspers
<quantity id="6A089B23FFB27E13FD29FA3BFCEDFA26" box="[646,823,1471,1497]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.10 mm</quantity>
long, antennal flagellum
<quantity id="6A089B23FFB27E13FBD5FA3BFAF1FA26" box="[1146,1323,1471,1497]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.48" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.48 mm</quantity>
long. Aedeagal apex as shown in figures 8–10, with 4 ventrally­directed short “thorns” variably visible, depending on precise alignment on slide (lateral or oblique aspect is needed for diagnostic purposes). Vasiform orifice, operculum and lingula as shown, the lingula subtly lobulate (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFB27E13FDB1F9DBFDBEF986" box="[542,612,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FE97F918FD7EF949" blockId="5.[312,676,1692,1718]" box="[312,676,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">SPECIMEN DEPOSITORIES.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7F95DFC1EF90F" blockId="5.[264,1322,1753,1904]" box="[264,964,1753,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
BMNH—The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FC3FF95DFC1EF90F" box="[912,964,1753,1776]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">U.K.</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB27E13FEA7F97DFE7BF88F" blockId="5.[264,1322,1753,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
CDFA—California Department of Food &amp; Agriculture, Sacramento, California 95832,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FB04F97DFB2FF8EF" box="[1195,1269,1785,1808]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
USNM—U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FBACF89DFBEAF8CF" box="[1027,1072,1817,1840]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">U.S.</collectingCountry>
A [Sternorrhyncha collections of the
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFB27E13FDA4F8BDFD46F8AF" box="[523,668,1849,1872]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">United States</collectingCountry>
National Museum of Natural History / Smithsonian Institution].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F98F664EFFB17E10FEA7F92FFE6CF88E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB17E10FEA7F92FFE6CF88E" blockId="6.[264,1323,1706,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB17E10FEA7F92FFE1AF93C" bold="true" box="[264,448,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 5–7,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB17E10FE7DF928FCBFF93C" authority="Quaintance" authorityName="Quaintance" box="[466,869,1708,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB17E10FE7DF928FD1CF93C" box="[466,710,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Paraleyrodes perseae</emphasis>
(Quaintance)
</taxonomicName>
, puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F98F664EFFB07E11FEA7FAB1FDACF97A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB07E11FEA7FAB1FDACF97A" blockId="7.[264,1323,1331,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FEA7FAB1FE18FAB2" bold="true" box="[264,450,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">FIGURES 8–16,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FE67FAB1FD8DFAB3" box="[456,599,1333,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE67FAB1FD8DFAB3" box="[456,599,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp, male genitalia. 8,
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FCE4FAB1FC6EFAB3" box="[843,948,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. p e r s e a e</emphasis>
, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FE1AFADDFDA0FA8F" box="[437,634,1369,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE1AFADDFDA0FA8F" box="[437,634,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Persea americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Nicaragua (Martin); 9,
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FC24FADDFC2DFA8F" box="[907,1015,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. p e r s ea e</emphasis>
, aedeagus in lateral aspect,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FEA7FAFFFE14FA6D" box="[264,462,1403,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FEA7FAFFFE14FA6D" box="[264,462,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Persea americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Nicaragua (Martin); 10,
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FD41FAFFFC81FA6D" box="[750,859,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. p e r s e a e</emphasis>
, aedeagus in lateral aspect,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FB35FAFFFAFEFA6D" box="[1178,1316,1403,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limon">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FB35FAFFFAFEFA6D" box="[1178,1316,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Citrus limon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Florida (Morrill); 11,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FE5DFA1AFD23FA4A" authority="Costa Lima" authorityName="Costa Lima" box="[498,761,1438,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricolus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE5DFA1AFDABFA4A" box="[498,625,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. citricolus</emphasis>
Costa Lima
</taxonomicName>
, aedeagus in lateral aspect,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FB8AFA1AFEBDFA27" authority="Madeira (Aguiar)" authorityName="Madeira (Aguiar" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FB8AFA1AFB19FA4A" box="[1061,1219,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Citrus sinensis</emphasis>
, Madeira (Aguiar)
</taxonomicName>
; 12,
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE0FFA45FDDFFA27" box="[416,517,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. a n c o r a</emphasis>
Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,?
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FB84FA45FB75FA27" box="[1067,1199,1473,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lasianthaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FB84FA45FB75FA27" box="[1067,1199,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Lasianthaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., Belize (Martin); 13,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FE31FA67FD86FA05" authority="Martin" authorityName="Martin" box="[414,604,1507,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ancora">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE31FA67FDD2FA05" box="[414,520,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. ancora</emphasis>
Martin
</taxonomicName>
, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,?
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FB85FA67FB74FA05" box="[1066,1198,1507,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lasianthaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FB85FA67FB74FA05" box="[1066,1198,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Lasianthaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., Belize (Martin); 14,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FE32F982FDF6F9E2" box="[413,556,1542,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FE32F982FDF6F9E2" box="[413,556,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FEA7F9ADFE4DF9BF" box="[264,407,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FEA7F9ADFE4DF9BF" box="[264,407,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FCADF9ADFC9FF9BF" box="[770,837,1577,1600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FCADF9ADFC9FF9BF" box="[770,837,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., Florida (Dowell); 16,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FBDCF9ADFAD8F9BF" box="[1139,1282,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FBDCF9ADFAD8F9BF" box="[1139,1282,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FDADF9EAFDB7F97A" box="[514,621,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. p ers eae</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFB07E1EFE97F95FFBEAFA19" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB07E11FE97F95FFC62F90A" blockId="7.[264,1325,1755,1901]" box="[312,952,1755,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">MATERIAL EXAMINED (arranged chronologically).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFB07E1EFE97F887FE48FAE1" blockId="7.[264,1325,1755,1901]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFB07E11FE97F887FE77F8E2" box="[312,429,1795,1821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
puparium of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FDE3F880FCF9F8E2" box="[588,803,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FDE3F880FCF9F8E2" box="[588,803,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, USA—FLORIDA, Fort George, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFB07E11FB76F880FE4CF8BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFB07E11FB76F880FE4CF8BA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Persea carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D94E1006FFB07E11FE07F8AFFDFDF8BA" box="[424,551,1835,1861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="1880-04-22">22 iv.1880</date>
(Dr R.S.Turner) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFB07E11FCADF8AFFC87F8BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[770,861,1835,1861]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFB07E11FCDAF8AFFBF8F8BA" box="[885,1058,1835,1861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
, 1 puparium, 16 firstinstar larvae and egg remains, all on same slide as
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFB07E11FC35F8D7FBDCF892" box="[922,1030,1875,1901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFB07E11FBB4F8D7FBACF892" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1051,1142,1875,1901]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 parasitised puparium,
<specimenCount id="BBF6FD4FFFBF7E1EFE28FE98FE0DFEC9" box="[391,471,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
males, USA—FLORIDA, Orlando, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFC09FE98FBE3FECA" box="[934,1081,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limon">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFC09FE98FBE3FECA" box="[934,1081,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Citrus limon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFBE7FE98FB64FEC9" box="[1096,1214,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1907-01-28">28 i. 1907</date>
(Morrill, Quaintance collection #5204) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFDDCFEC0FD14FEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[627,718,324,350]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 puparium, USA—FLORIDA, St. Augustine, on “bay” [preseumed to be
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFDEAFEE8FD22FE7A" box="[581,760,364,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFDEAFEE8FD22FE7A" box="[581,760,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Laurus nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFCB6FEE8FC6CFE79" box="[793,950,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1910-07-29">29 vii. 1910</date>
(Back, Quaintance collection #20223) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFE2DFE10FE04FE51" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[386,478,404,430]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 4 puparia, USA—VIRGINIA, Vienna, no host data,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFB33FE10FAF1FE51" box="[1180,1323,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1914-10-31">31 x. 1914</date>
(Williams) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFE33FE38FE20FE29" box="[412,506,444,470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 2 puparia, USA—FLORIDA, Orlando, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB88FE38FB22FE2A" box="[1063,1272,444,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB88FE38FB22FE2A" box="[1063,1272,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Citrus aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no collection date but registered BM 1915­410 (Hargreaves) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFC7BFE60FBE9FE01" box="[980,1075,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 3 puparia, 3 thirdinstar larvae, USA—GEORGIA, Darien, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFCB2FD88FCBCFDDA" box="[797,870,524,549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFCB2FD88FCBCFDDA" box="[797,870,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[satsuma],
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFC5CFD88FBA7FDD9" box="[1011,1149,524,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1943-11-24">24 xi. 1943</date>
(Mayer #396) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFEBFFDB0FEB1FDB1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[272,363,564,590]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 5 puparia, 1 third­instar larva, USA—MISSOURI, St. Louis, on
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB76FDB0FE5DFD8A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB76FDB0FE59FD8A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubsecens">Persea pubsecens</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFE3BFDD8FDCCFD89" box="[404,534,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1944-01-27">27 i. 1944</date>
(Mayer) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFD38FDD8FD28FD89" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[663,754,604,630]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 2 puparia, USA—FLORIDA, Longwood, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFEA7FD00FE76FD62" box="[264,428,644,669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFEA7FD00FE76FD62" box="[264,428,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Cinnamomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFDA8FD00FD75FD61" box="[519,687,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1960-06-16">16 vi. 1960</date>
(Youtsey, via Weems) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFBA5FD00FBBFFD61" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1034,1125,644,670]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 puparium, USA—FLORIDA, Lake Monroe, on
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFD7DFD28FBDDFD3A" box="[722,1031,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFD7DFD28FBD9FD3A" box="[722,1027,684,709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odoratissimum">Viburnum odoratissimum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFBBBFD28FB76FD39" box="[1044,1196,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1963-12-30">30 xii. 1963</date>
(Youtsey) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFEBFFD50FEB1FD11" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[272,363,724,750]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 4 puparia,
<specimenCount id="BBF6FD4FFFBF7E1EFE55FD50FD93FD11" box="[506,585,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
male, USA—FLORIDA, Tallahassee, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB9CFD50FB6AFD12" box="[1075,1200,724,749]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB9CFD50FB6AFD12" box="[1075,1200,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Anthurium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stems and leaves,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFECBFD78FE28FCE9" box="[356,498,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1965-03-15">15 iii. 1965</date>
(Weems via Miller) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFD53FD78FC8DFCE9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[764,855,764,790]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 puparium, USA—FLORIDA, New Smyrna Beach, on
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFDA2FCA0FD00FCC2" box="[525,730,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFDA2FCA0FD0CFCC2" box="[525,726,804,829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerifera">Myrica cerifera</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFD41FCA0FC54FCC1" box="[750,910,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1972-03-09">09 iii. 1972</date>
(Roberts) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFB83FCA0FB5DFCC1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1068,1159,804,830]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 4 puparia, USA—HAWAII, intercepted ex­PHILIPPINES, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFC2EFCC8FBD3FC9A" box="[897,1033,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betle">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFC2EFCC8FBD3FC9A" box="[897,1033,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Piper betle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFBB0FCC8FB76FC99" box="[1055,1196,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1980-02-29">29 ii. 1980</date>
(intercept #048458) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFE26FCF0FE3EFC71" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[393,484,884,910]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 puparium, USA—ILLINOIS, intercepted ex­MEXICO, on
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB65FCF0FEB7FC4A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB65FCF0FEB3FC4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="guajava">Psidium guajava</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFED5FC18FE23FC49" box="[378,505,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1981-01-20">20 i. 1981</date>
(intercept #3888) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFD47FC18FC9EFC49" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[744,836,924,950]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 3 puparia,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFC4DFC18FB4EFC49" box="[994,1172,924,950]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
, Aragua, La Candelaria, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFE13FC40FD49FC22" box="[444,659,964,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFE13FC40FD49FC22" box="[444,659,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Persea americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFD0CFC40FCCDFC21" box="[675,791,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1982-03-01">1.iii.1982</date>
, (Arnal) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFC24FC40FC3DFC21" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[907,999,964,990]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1 puparium, 3 third­instar larvae, USA—CALIFORNIA, intercepted ex­PHILIPPINES, on
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFBA2FC68FB01FBFA" box="[1037,1243,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFBA2FC68FB0DFBFA" box="[1037,1239,1004,1029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="guajava">Psidium guajava</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFB4AFC68FE99FBD1" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="1982-06-10">10 vi. 1982</date>
(intercept #31335) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFD96FB90FD4EFBD1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[569,660,1044,1070]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
); 7 puparia, 1 third­instar with developing puparium,
<specimenCount id="BBF6FD4FFFBF7E1EFAB4FB90FE98FBA9" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="adult">7 adult</specimenCount>
males,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFE0EFBB8FD8EFBA9" box="[417,596,1084,1110]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">NICARAGUA</collectingCountry>
, Rio San Juan / Rio Bartola confluence, near El Castillo, on
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFEA7FBE0FE39FB82" box="[264,483,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFEA7FBE0FE39FB82" box="[264,483,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Persea americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D94E1006FFBF7E1EFE56FBE0FD50FB81" box="[505,650,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="2004-06-23">23 vi. 2004</date>
(Martin #8080) (
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFCC8FBE0FC1CFB81" box="[871,966,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
). [Note—as discussed in the Introduction, no characters have been identified that allow adult females of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB21FB08FAF1FB5A" box="[1166,1323,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB21FB08FAF1FB5A" box="[1166,1323,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be determined to species: with the frequency of mixed populations occurring (see Conclusions, below), all females are regarded as only generically determined and are not listed here.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBF7E1EFE97FAA8FBEAFA19" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
The
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBF7E1EFEC1FAA8FE03FAB9" box="[366,473,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFDABFAA8FD07FABA" box="[516,733,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFDABFAA8FD07FABA" box="[516,733,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of two puparia on a slide bearing the
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBF7E1EFB58FAA8FAF3FAB9" box="[1271,1321,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
data (see above), is clearly indicated on the adjacent red
<collectionCode id="CBE1AE03FFBF7E1EFC67FAD0FBC6FA91" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[968,1052,1364,1390]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">USNM</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBF7E1EFB87FAD0FB81FA91" box="[1064,1115,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
label, and is the specimen with clearly developing adult eyes visible through the cuticle. The
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBF7E1EFB0DFAF8FAD4FA69" box="[1186,1294,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is the specimen in best condition, and the author considers that improvement through remounting, with proper maceration, would be possible in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFBF7E1EFE97FA70FD60F952" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBF7E1EFE97FA70FE0EF9A1" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
DISTRIBUTION. USA—Florida,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFCAFFA70FCBBF9F1" box="[768,865,1524,1550]" name="Georgia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Missouri, Virginia; Neotropical Region—Mexico,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFE4AF998FDBBF9C9" box="[485,609,1564,1590]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFDDEF998FD37F9C9" box="[625,749,1564,1590]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; Austro­oriental Region—[
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBF7E1EFB9BF998FB1BF9C9" box="[1076,1217,1564,1590]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Philippines</collectingCountry>
]; Pacific Region—Hawaii.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBF7E1EFE97F9E8FD60F952" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
HOST PLANT GENERA.
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFDD9F9E8FD60F952" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFDD9F9E8FD2CF97A" box="[630,758,1644,1669]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anthurium</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFCADF9E8FC70F97A" box="[770,938,1644,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cinnamomum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFC1AF9E8FBDBF97A" box="[949,1025,1644,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Citrus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFBA2F9E8FBB9F97A" box="[1037,1123,1644,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Laurus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFBC0F9E8FB1DF97A" box="[1135,1223,1644,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB7DF9E8FAFCF97A" box="[1234,1318,1644,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Persea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFEA7F910FE1FF952" authority="Plumeria" authorityName="Plumeria" box="[264,453,1684,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper, Plumeria</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFE7FF910FDE9F952" box="[464,563,1684,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">Psidium</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFD90F910FD6CF952" box="[575,694,1684,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Viburnum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5EA654DFFBF7E1DFE97F938FB7BFD61" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBF7E1FFE97F938FDBBFD89" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
DESCRIPTIVE CONFLICT—PUPARIUM. In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBF7E1EFB1AF938FD83F901" authority="Quaintance (1900)" authorityName="Quaintance" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB1AF938FEB9F902" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBF7E1EFEDBF960FD83F901" author="Quaintance" box="[372,601,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1900) Contribution towards a monograph of the American Aleurodidae. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 8, 9 - 64." type="journal article" year="1900">Quaintance (1900)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated that “On the dorsum are 5 pairs of cup­shaped compound pores, 4 pairs on caudal third of case [posterior part of abdomen], and the fifth pair on cephalic segment…..”. However, the puparium was illustrated with five
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBF7E1EFB02F8B0FAF1F8B2" box="[1197,1323,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">abdominal</emphasis>
pairs of compound pores, the anteriormost abdominal pair being significantly smaller than all the others. The original account also described puparial secretions that were much more extensive than is usually seen amongst
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFD71FEE8FCA1FE7A" box="[734,891,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFD71FEE8FCA1FE7A" box="[734,891,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: in a later paper
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBE7E1FFB0AFEE8FE8CFE51" author="Quaintance" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 12, 169 - 174." type="journal article" year="1909">Quaintance (1909)</bibRefCitation>
quoted the opinion of Dr H.W. Morrill, that puparia with such secretions had proved to be parasitised, and that is confirmed by the present author’s field observations of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFEA7FE60FE7FFE02" box="[264,421,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFEA7FE60FE7FFE02" box="[264,421,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
puparia (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBE7E1FFDB2FE60FDB0FE01" box="[541,618,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,326,1778]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4, Paraleyrodes spp. ex­Belize. 3, feeding puparium, showing characteristic annulus of wax fragments and five pairs of waxy filaments issuing from the large compound pores; 4, characteristic wax curls on parasitised puparium (see discussion on p. 44)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171847/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). This then raised the question of whether the originallydescribed form might have been atypical, due to parasitism, with normal specimens (not seen by Quaintance at that time) perhaps having the typical complement of seven pairs of compound pore pairs in total.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBE7E1FFE97FD00FB0DFC21" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBE7E1FFE97FD00FDCFFD61" author="Quaintance" box="[312,533,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 12, 169 - 174." type="journal article" year="1909">Quaintance (1909)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFD1EFD00FC56FD62" box="[689,908,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFD1EFD00FC56FD62" box="[689,908,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and formally designated it as the
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBE7E1FFEA7FD28FEE0FD39" box="[264,314,684,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
species of his new genus
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFDD2FD28FCF8FD3A" box="[637,802,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFDD2FD28FCC4FD3A" box="[637,798,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraleyrodes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In his “revised description” the compound pore complement did indeed rise from five pairs (described) and six pairs (illustrated) [in 1900] to seven pairs (both described and illustrated), this being the typical situation throughout the genus as now understood. This revised description was repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBE7E1FFEA7FCC8FDBFFC99" author="Quaintance" box="[264,613,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. &amp; Baker, A. C. (1913) Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part I. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 27, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1913">
Quaintance &amp;
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBE7E1FFE6FFCC8FDDCFC99" box="[448,518,844,870]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Baker</collectingCountry>
(1913)
</bibRefCitation>
, but with fresh illustrations provided. Whereas the 1909 drawing was a fairly accurate representation of a typical
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFC0DFCF0FBE5FC72" box="[930,1087,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFC0DFCF0FBE5FC72" box="[930,1087,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
puparium, the 1913 puparial figure showed all six abdominal compound pores to be the same size as each other, a characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFD86FC40FD3AFC22" box="[553,736,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Metaleurodicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFD86FC40FD3AFC22" box="[553,736,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Metaleurodicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that is never seen in
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFB9BFC40FB0BFC22" box="[1076,1233,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFB9BFC40FB0BFC22" box="[1076,1233,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBE7E1FFE97FC68FB6BFB31" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
Although puparia with only five pairs of abdominal compound pores were generally (and correctly, see Conclusions) being identified as
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFCC2FB90FC3CFBD2" box="[877,998,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFCC2FB90FC3CFBD2" box="[877,998,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for many years,
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBE7E1FFB00FB90FE39FBA9" author="Paulson" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Paulson, G. S. &amp; Kumashiro, B. R. (1985) Hawaiian Aleyrodidae. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society, 25, 103 - 124." type="journal article" year="1985">Paulson &amp; Kumashiro (1985)</bibRefCitation>
stated that puparia of Hawaiian
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFCDCFBB8FC34FBAA" box="[883,1006,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFCDCFBB8FC34FBAA" box="[883,1006,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bore six abdominal pairs, thus continuing the confusion over this species’ identity. However examination of material on behalf of the author (Bernarr Kumashiro, personal communication) indicates that the Hawaiian record is correct but that Paulson &amp; Kumashiro’s description was not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBE7E1FFE97FB58FBCBFA69" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
DESCRIPTIVE CONFLICT—ADULT MALE. In the original description
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBE7E1FFB0AFB58FE8CFAE1" author="Quaintance" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1900) Contribution towards a monograph of the American Aleurodidae. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 8, 9 - 64." type="journal article" year="1900">Quaintance (1900)</bibRefCitation>
quoted Theodore Pergande’s very basic observations on an adult, but the sex was not noted and Quaintance stated that the single specimen was lost before he could examine it himself. Pergande’s colour observations do suggest that the lost specimen might indeed have belonged to
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFE77FAF8FDAFFA6A" box="[472,629,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFE77FAF8FDAFFA6A" box="[472,629,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but nothing more can be deduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBE7E1CFE97FA20FCF3FEA1" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
In his 1909 redescription, Quaintance did describe adults and spoke of Morrill having “been able to obtain the adult in quantity” and having “kindly furnished [Quaintance] with abundant specimens of all stages…..”. However, he described adults generally as having four antennal segments, which is a character of female
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFC3EF998FBF4F9CA" box="[913,1070,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFC3EF998FBF4F9CA" box="[913,1070,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only, and the caption of his illustration of such a female antenna simply says “antenna of adult”, suggesting that he did not study any male antennae at all. Quaintance clearly did study at least one male specimen, and the aedeagal apex was illustrated as a two­pronged structure (reproduced here,
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBE7E1FFEE1F938FE72F929" box="[334,424,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), but the lack of comment on the highly unusual and characteristic male antennae is remarkable. In Quaintance &amp; Baker’s (1913) new illustrations, that accompanied the repeated 1909 revised description of “
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBE7E1FFC66F888FBFEF8DA" box="[969,1060,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBE7E1FFC66F888FBFEF8DA" box="[969,1060,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, the bifurcate male aedeagus seems to have been drawn from the same specimen figured in 1909, but the drawing is not quite identical; also a clearly­female antenna is again figured and captioned as though it could have belonged to either sex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBD7E1CFE97FEE8FC8BFCC1" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
A single male in BMNH (
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFDC2FEE8FD76FE79" box="[621,684,364,390]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">USA</collectingCountry>
, Florida, Orlando, no host data,
<date id="D94E1006FFBD7E1CFB81FEE8FB74FE79" box="[1070,1198,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" value="1914-11-12">12.xi.1914</date>
, Williams,
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFEA7FE10FE86FE51" box="[264,348,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) has a bifurcate aedeagus, but with the prong bases not contiguous as illustrated in the
<date id="D94E1006FFBD7E1CFE94FE38FE21FE29" box="[315,507,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" value="1909" valueMax="1913">1909 and 1913</date>
papers. Two further male specimens, in CDFA, (
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFBD2FE38FB66FE29" box="[1149,1212,444,470]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">USA</collectingCountry>
, Florida, Broward Co., Davie,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFDB8FE60FDBAFE02" box="[535,608,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFDB8FE60FDBAFE02" box="[535,608,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="D94E1006FFBD7E1CFD09FE60FCF4FE01" box="[678,814,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" value="1985-12-08">08.xii.1985</date>
, Dowell,
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFC02FE60FBD2FE01" box="[941,1032,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) each have a bifurcate aedegus, but with the prongs almost parallel and directed posteriorly, rather than laterally as in the Williams specimen. Either of these males may belong to the species which Quaintance and Quaintance &amp;
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFDDDFDD8FD62FD89" box="[626,696,604,630]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Baker</collectingCountry>
thought was
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFCFAFDD8FC17FD8A" box="[853,973,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFCFAFDD8FC17FD8A" box="[853,973,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but both remain undescribed and unassociated with puparia. The aedeagus depicted in the
<date id="D94E1006FFBD7E1CFC46FD00FB46FD61" box="[1001,1180,644,670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" value="1909" valueMax="1913">1909 and 1913</date>
papers also bears some resemblance to
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFDE5FD28FD6CFD3A" box="[586,694,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. a n c o r a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBD7E1CFD6EFD28FCBCFD39" author="Martin" box="[705,870,684,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" refString="Martin, J. H. (2004) Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 - introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance &amp; Baker. Zootaxa, 681, 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="2004">Martin (2004)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFCD9FD28FC24FD39" box="[886,1022,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
), described from material on avocado in
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFE6CFD50FDD4FD11" box="[451,526,724,750]" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Belize</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFDFDFD50FD14FD11" box="[594,718,724,750]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
; however,
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFCF7FD50FC10FD12" box="[856,970,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. a n c o r a</emphasis>
also features a dorso­apical aedeagal process not present in the Quaintance / Quaintance &amp;
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFBABFD78FB90FCE9" box="[1028,1098,764,790]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Baker</collectingCountry>
drawings, and has not yet been recorded from anywhere in the
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFCA0FCA0FC97FCC1" box="[783,845,804,830]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBD7E1CFE97FCC8FBB0FB31" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
CONCLUSIONS. After so many years of uncertainty concerning the identity of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFABAFCC8FEB9FC72" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFABAFCC8FEB9FC72" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recent observations have enabled a resolution of the problem, through examination of puparia, associated adult males, and puparia containing fully developed pre­emergence males. The 1900 puparial illustration is correct in its depiction of the compound pores, the “missing” pair of small compound pores is not an artifact of parasitism, and this confirms that
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFD0BFB90FCC4FBD2" box="[676,798,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFD0BFB90FCC4FBD2" box="[676,798,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only known species of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFB21FB90FAF1FBD2" box="[1166,1323,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFB21FB90FAF1FBD2" box="[1166,1323,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a pair of very small compound pores on abdominal segment III, but none at all on segment IV. For the future, the distinctive puparia will probably allow accurate identification, even in the absence of confirmatory males. In practice, puparia have hitherto tended to be correctly identified, and it is the males that have not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBD7E1CFE97FB58FE3EF9F1" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
The aedeagal apex of male specimens recently collected in
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFC59FB58FBB5FB09" box="[1014,1135,1244,1270]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFBD0FB58FB30FB09" box="[1151,1258,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
), and reared from puparia that match the
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBD7E1CFD6AFA80FCEBFAE1" box="[709,817,1284,1310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
puparium of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFC71FA80FB66FAE2" box="[990,1212,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFC71FA80FB66FAE2" box="[990,1212,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Aleurodes perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is quite different in structure from that which
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBD7E1CFD68FAA8FC7CFAB9" author="Quaintance" box="[711,934,1324,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 12, 169 - 174." type="journal article" year="1909">Quaintance (1909)</bibRefCitation>
, and subsequently
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBD7E1CFB29FAA8FE70FA91" author="Quaintance" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. &amp; Baker, A. C. (1913) Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part I. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 27, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1913">
Quaintance &amp;
<collectingCountry id="D5E77656FFBD7E1CFEA7FAD0FE94FA91" box="[264,334,1364,1390]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Baker</collectingCountry>
(1913)
</bibRefCitation>
, mistook for
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFDFFFAD0FD0EFA92" box="[592,724,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFDFFFAD0FD15FA92" box="[592,719,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">P. perseae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This finding, combined with the illustration of a puparium with six pairs of abdominal compound pores (
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBD7E1CFC0CFAF8FBA3FA69" author="Quaintance" box="[931,1145,1404,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" refString="Quaintance, A. L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley and Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology, 12, 169 - 174." type="journal article" year="1909">Quaintance, 1909</bibRefCitation>
), indicates that the redescription of “
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFDA8FA20FD5BFA42" box="[519,641,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFDA8FA20FD5BFA42" box="[519,641,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” involved a different species entirely. Unfortunately, the detail of the 1909 description is still insufficient to lead to any conclusion about the species concerned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBD7E1CFE97F998FBFFF8B2" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
The aedeagus of true
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFDE7F998FD1FF9CA" box="[584,709,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFDE7F998FD1FF9CA" box="[584,709,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is illustrated here (probably for the first time) in figures 8–10. This should allow for confident identification of this species when puparia are also present. However, the male aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFCF2F9E8FC02F97A" box="[861,984,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFCF2F9E8FC02F97A" box="[861,984,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFABAF9E8FDDDF951" authority="Costa Lima" authorityName="Costa Lima" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricolus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFABAF9E8FEADF952" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. citricolus</emphasis>
Costa Lima
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFDB8F910FDB6F951" box="[535,620,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 16" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[299,1272,320,1308]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[289,1297,302,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,? Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), which typically exhibits six, somewhat digitiform, ventral processes but which otherwise shares the same lateral profile. That
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFBFBF938FB0BF92A" box="[1108,1233,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFBFBF938FB0BF92A" box="[1108,1233,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. perseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFABAF938FEADF902" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricolus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFABAF938FEADF902" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. citricolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are particularly closely related is also indicated by the structure of the inner lumen of the large compound pores (
<figureCitation id="35CB2A43FFBD7E1CFD10F888FCDDF8D9" box="[703,775,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1707,1731]" captionTargetBox="[359,1267,348,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1282,329,1679]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal &amp; posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171848/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), even though the large compound pores of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFABAF888FEACF8B2" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricolus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFABAF888FEACF8B2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. citricolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually over twice the diameter of those of
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBD7E1CFC0AF8B0FBFFF8B2" box="[933,1061,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBD7E1CFC0AF8B0FBFBF8B2" box="[933,1057,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseae">P. perseae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4F36C6FFBC7E1DFE97FE98FB7BFD61" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
A final observation is that this is the second example of a species of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBC7E1DFB21FE98FAF1FECA" box="[1166,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBC7E1DFB21FE98FAF1FECA" box="[1166,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being incorrectly identified because described males were not associated with puparia. For many years,
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBC7E1DFE0AFEE8FCEDFE79" authority="Martin (2001)" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="2001" box="[421,823,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonaranjae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBC7E1DFE0AFEE8FD59FE7A" box="[421,643,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">P. pseudonaranjae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBC7E1DFD21FEE8FCEDFE79" author="Martin" box="[654,823,364,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Martin, J. H. (2001) Description of an invasive new species of Neotropical aleurodicine whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) - a case of complete or partial misidentification? Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, 101 - 107." type="journal article" year="2001">Martin (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBC7E1DFBEAFEE8FE83FE51" authority="Dozier (1927)" authorityName="Dozier" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naranjae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBC7E1DFBEAFEE8FB0AFE7A" box="[1093,1232,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">P. naranjae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C9614B37FFBC7E1DFB74FEE8FE83FE51" author="Dozier" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Dozier, H. L. (1927) An undescribed white fly attacking citrus in Porto Rico. Journal of Agricultural Research, 34, 853 - 855." type="journal article" year="1927">Dozier (1927)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on its puparia. However, the males in invasive populations did not match the two male
<typeStatus id="724B8864FFBC7E1DFE23FE38FE29FE29" box="[396,499,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from Dozier’s original sample of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBC7E1DFC1AFE38FB9FFE2A" box="[949,1093,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naranjae">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBC7E1DFC1AFE38FB9FFE2A" box="[949,1093,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">P. naranjae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the invasive populations proved to be a different and undescribed species. The author’s own field experience indicates that, in their native habitat, puparia of
<taxonomicName id="6AF04D45FFBC7E1DFC55FD88FB4DFDDA" box="[1018,1175,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Paraleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F84EAD4FFBC7E1DFC55FD88FB4DFDDA" box="[1018,1175,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Paraleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are frequently found with adults of different species feeding on the same individual plant, making the association of adults with puparia difficult. Conversely, invasive populations tend to be taxonomically useful, for they usually comprise only single species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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