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<mods:title id="6661782F9C2789A46944D10934ABBD6A">A revision of Rhombuniopsis Haas, 1920 (Unionida, Unionidae) endemic to the ancient lakes of Yunnan, China, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFF324BF669E8FE74" ID-CoL="7SZYS" authority="Neumayr, 1899" authorityName="Neumayr" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,654,394,421]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
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<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF324BF66AADFE75" bold="true" box="[151,459,394,421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Rhombuniopsis superstes</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1367D3E4FF9ADE7AFF324BD36A6DFE19" box="[151,267,431,457]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,1170,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-299@7.[188,1400,1138,1877]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Shells of Rhombuniopsis superstes. A. Holotype of R. superstes, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from Neumayr, 1899). B. Specimen, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov, 1973). C. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904301, shell length 28.8 mm. D. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904306, shell length 44.1 mm. E. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904311, 39.0 mm. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Fig. 6A–F</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFF324B88697AFDDB" author="Neumayr, M." box="[151,540,499,524]" page="643" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFF324B88697AFDDB" ID-CoL="7TK6P" authority="Neumayr (1899)" authorityName="Neumayr" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,540,499,524]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF324B886A57FDDB" box="[151,305,500,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Unio superstes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFE9F4B886A8EFDDB" author="Neumayr, M." box="[314,488,499,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" refId="ref11122" refString="Neumayr, M. (1899) Susswasser-Mollusken. Wiss. Erg. Reise Szecheny Ost-Asien, 2, 640." type="journal volume" year="1899">Neumayr (1899)</bibRefCitation>
: 643
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, pl. 1, fig. 3 [‘Lake Tali’ = Lake Erhai, Dali City,
<collectingRegion id="49980183FF9ADE7AFB8A4B886F85FDDB" box="[1071,1251,499,523]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B8FF1FF9ADE7AFB4A4B8F6E57FDDB" box="[1263,1329,499,523]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">China</collectingCountry>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFAE14B8F6A26FDFA" author="Simpson, C. T." page="722" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFAE14B8F6A69FDFA" author="Simpson, C. T." pageId="7" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 1540" refId="ref11382" refString="Simpson, C. T. (1914) A descriptive catalogue of the naiades, or pearly fresh-water mussels. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Parts I-III, 1 - 1540." type="book chapter" year="1914">Simpson (1914)</bibRefCitation>
: 722
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–723.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CE84FFF9ADE7AFF32484C692EFDB7" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFF32484C693EFD98" author="Haas, F." box="[151,600,560,585]" page="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFF32484C693EFD98" ID-CoL="7SZYS" authority="Haas (1920)" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,600,560,585]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF32484C6AFCFD98" box="[151,410,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Rhombuniopsis superstes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFE07484D6943FD99" author="Haas, F." box="[418,549,561,585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" pagination="146 - 151" refId="ref9850" refString="Haas, F. (1920) Die Neumayrschen Najaden aus der Ausbeute des Grafen Szechenyi. Senckenbergiana, 2, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="1920">Haas (1920)</bibRefCitation>
: 146
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–151; Haas (1924): 186–187; Haas (1969): 270;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFBF4484D6E02FD99" author="He, J. &amp; Zhuang, Z. M." box="[1105,1380,560,585]" page="101" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFBF4484D6E57FD99" author="He, J. &amp; Zhuang, Z. M." box="[1105,1329,560,585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" refId="ref9875" refString="He, J. &amp; Zhuang, Z. M. (2013) The Freshwater Bivalves of China. ConchBooks, 198 pp." type="book" year="2013">He &amp; Zhuang (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 101
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, Figs 237–238;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFE884833697DFDB7" author="Zieritz, A. &amp; Bogan, A. E. &amp; Froufe, E. &amp; Klishko, O. &amp; Kondo, T. &amp; Kovitvadhi, U. &amp; Kovitvadhi, S. &amp; Lee, J. H. &amp; Lopes-Lima, M. &amp; Pfeiffer, J. M. &amp; Sousa, R. &amp; Do, T. V. &amp; Vikhrev, I. &amp; Zanatta, T. D." box="[301,539,591,615]" page="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFE8848336A9EFDB7" author="Zieritz, A. &amp; Bogan, A. E. &amp; Froufe, E. &amp; Klishko, O. &amp; Kondo, T. &amp; Kovitvadhi, U. &amp; Kovitvadhi, S. &amp; Lee, J. H. &amp; Lopes-Lima, M. &amp; Pfeiffer, J. M. &amp; Sousa, R. &amp; Do, T. V. &amp; Vikhrev, I. &amp; Zanatta, T. D." box="[301,504,591,615]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" pagination="29 - 44" refId="ref12090" refString="Zieritz, A., Bogan, A. E., Froufe, E., Klishko, O., Kondo, T., Kovitvadhi, U., Kovitvadhi, S., Lee, J. H., Lopes-Lima, M., Pfeiffer, J. M., Sousa, R., Do, T. V., Vikhrev, I. &amp; Zanatta, T. D. (2018) Diversity, biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in East and Southeast Asia. Hydrobiologia, 810 (1), 29 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 017 - 3104 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Zieritz
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFED2482C6ACCFDB7" box="[375,426,591,615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
: 29
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–44.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CE84FFF9ADE7AFF3248126937FD56" box="[151,593,622,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDE970FF9ADE7AFF324812692BFD56" author="Bolotov, I. N. &amp; Pasupuleti, R. &amp; Subba Rao, N. V. &amp; Unnikrishnan, K. S. &amp; Chan, N. &amp; Lunn, Z. &amp; Win, T. &amp; Gofarov, M. Y. &amp; Kondakov, A. V. &amp; Konopleva, E. S. &amp; Lyubas, A. A. &amp; Tomilova, A. A. &amp; Vikhrev, I. V. &amp; Pfenninger, M. &amp; Duwel, S. S. &amp; Feldmeyer, B. &amp; Nesemann, H. F. &amp; Nagel, K. O." box="[151,589,622,646]" page="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" year="2022">
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFF324812692BFD56" authority="Bolotov (2022)" authorityName="Bolotov" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,589,622,646]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Leoparreysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF3248126AE4FD56" box="[151,386,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Leoparreysia superstes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFE2D48126941FD56" author="Bolotov, I. N. &amp; Pasupuleti, R. &amp; Subba Rao, N. V. &amp; Unnikrishnan, K. S. &amp; Chan, N. &amp; Lunn, Z. &amp; Win, T. &amp; Gofarov, M. Y. &amp; Kondakov, A. V. &amp; Konopleva, E. S. &amp; Lyubas, A. A. &amp; Tomilova, A. A. &amp; Vikhrev, I. V. &amp; Pfenninger, M. &amp; Duwel, S. S. &amp; Feldmeyer, B. &amp; Nesemann, H. F. &amp; Nagel, K. O." box="[392,551,622,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" refId="ref8728" refString="Bolotov, I. N., Pasupuleti, R., Subba Rao, N. V., Unnikrishnan, K. S., Chan, N., Lunn, Z., Win, T., Gofarov, M. Y., Kondakov, A. V., Konopleva, E. S., Lyubas, A. A., Tomilova, A. A., Vikhrev, I. V., Pfenninger, M., Duwel, S. S., Feldmeyer, B., Nesemann, H. F. &amp; Nagel, K. O. (2022) Oriental freshwater mussels arose in East Gondwana and arrived to Asia on the Indian Plate and Burma Terrane. Scientific Reports, 12, 1518. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 022 - 05257 - 0" type="journal volume" year="2022">Bolotov (2022)</bibRefCitation>
: 12
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.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3469CEAFF9ADE7AFF3248C8688BFCEA" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF9ADE7AFF3248C8688BFCEA" blockId="7.[151,1437,692,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF3248C86AE5FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,387,692,718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B34C53CFF9ADE7AFE2848C86E75FD23" collectionCode="KIZ" collectorName="Hong Quan Xiang &amp; Yue Ming He" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" location="Newly" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" specimenCode="KIZ1904301, KIZ1904305, KIZ1904306, KIZ1904310, KIZ1904311" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFE2848C86ABEFD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F57E77FF9ADE74FF324BF66F83FF29:8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFE2848C86ABEFD1E" box="[397,472,692,718]" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" name="Newly" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Newly</location>
collected material.
<location id="8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFD1948C8699AFD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F57E77FF9ADE74FF324BF66F83FF29:8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFD1948C8699AFD1E" box="[700,764,692,718]" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" name="Adult" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Adult</location>
shell:
<location id="8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFCE948C868ABFD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F57E77FF9ADE74FF324BF66F83FF29:8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFCE948C868ABFD1E" box="[844,973,692,718]" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" name="Lake Erhai" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Lake Erhai</location>
,
<location id="8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFC7E48C86F1BFD1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F57E77FF9ADE74FF324BF66F83FF29:8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFC7E48C86F1BFD1F" box="[987,1149,692,719]" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" name="Haidong town" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Haidong town</location>
(
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFB3448C96F83FD1F" bold="true" box="[1169,1253,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">DZ东Dz</emphasis>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE68A9A6FF9ADE7AFB5A48C86EFEFD1F" box="[1279,1432,692,719]" degrees="25.728939" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="25.72894">25.728939°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE68A9A6FF9ADE7AFF3248A46A5AFD22" box="[151,316,728,754]" degrees="100.232401" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="100.2324">100.232401°E</geoCoordinate>
, 2023.7 (
<specimenCode id="DBFA671AFF9ADE7AFE0448A46955FD23" box="[417,563,728,755]" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ncht-ribt" name="Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">KIZ1904301</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="DBFA671AFF9ADE7AFDE748A469B1FD23" box="[578,727,728,755]" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ncht-ribt" name="Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">KIZ1904305</specimenCode>
), collected by
<collectorName id="26A9AAB7FF9ADE7AFCD348A56F24FD22" box="[886,1090,728,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Hong Quan Xiang</collectorName>
and Yue Ming He;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B34C53CFF9ADE7AFABF48A4688BFCEA" collectionCode="KIZ" collectorName="Hong Quan Xiang " county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" location="Newly" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" specimenCode="KIZ1904301, KIZ1904305, KIZ1904306, KIZ1904310, KIZ1904311" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFABF48A46EF1FD22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F57E77FF9ADE74FF324BF66F83FF29:8E8399BAFF9ADE7AFABF48A46EF1FD22" box="[1306,1431,728,754]" county="Lake Erhai" latitude="25.663176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.27681" municipality="Haidong town" name="Lake Erhai" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Lake Erhai</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87551BFF9ADE7AFF3248806A5DFCC7" box="[151,315,764,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Haidong town</collectingMunicipality>
(
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFEEA48816AC5FCC7" bold="true" box="[335,419,765,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">DZ东Dz</emphasis>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE68A9A6FF9ADE7AFE1A4880693EFCC7" box="[447,600,764,791]" degrees="25.663176" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="25.663176">25.663176°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE68A9A6FF9ADE7AFDC24880686DFCC6" box="[615,779,764,790]" degrees="100.276812" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="100.27681">100.276812°E</geoCoordinate>
, 2023.7 (
<specimenCode id="DBFA671AFF9ADE7AFCDF48806F6BFCC6" box="[890,1037,764,790]" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ncht-ribt" name="Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">KIZ1904306</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="DBFA671AFF9ADE7AFBB948806FD6FCC6" box="[1052,1200,764,790]" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ncht-ribt" name="Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">KIZ1904310</specimenCode>
), collected by
<collectorName id="26A9AAB7FF9ADE7AFAFB48816A4CFCEA" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Hong Quan Xiang.</collectorName>
;
<collectingCounty id="6282B7EDFF9ADE7AFE90495C6AD5FCEA" box="[309,435,800,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Lake Erhai</collectingCounty>
, 2024.4 (
<specimenCode id="DBFA671AFF9ADE7AFDBF495C69D6FCEA" box="[538,688,800,826]" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ncht-ribt" name="Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">KIZ1904311</specimenCode>
), collected by
<collectorName id="26A9AAB7FF9ADE7AFCF7495D688BFCEA" box="[850,1005,800,827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Ren Xin Gao.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3469CEAFF9ADE7AFF6249386A6CFC52" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF9ADE7AFF6249386A6CFC52" blockId="7.[151,1437,692,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF6249386A24FC8E" bold="true" box="[199,322,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shell ovate, a little obese, periostracum dark brown to black; left valve pseudocardinal tooth triangular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3469CEAFF9ADE74FF6249F06F83FF29" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF9ADE7AFF6249F0692DFB8A" blockId="7.[151,1437,692,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF6249F06A3FFC76" bold="true" box="[199,345,908,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Description.</emphasis>
Shell (
<figureCitation id="1367D3E4FF9ADE7AFE0F49F06940FC76" box="[426,550,908,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,1170,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-299@7.[188,1400,1138,1877]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Shells of Rhombuniopsis superstes. A. Holotype of R. superstes, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from Neumayr, 1899). B. Specimen, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov, 1973). C. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904301, shell length 28.8 mm. D. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904306, shell length 44.1 mm. E. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904311, 39.0 mm. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Fig.6 A–D</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="4CA46284FF9ADE7AFD3449F06868FC77" box="[657,782,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 mm</quantity>
. Shell ovate, of medium thickness, unequal, a little obese, backwards weakly keeled, very little detruncated; umbo in the anterior third of the shell, weakly protruding, yellowish-green, sometimes sculptured with wavy wrinkles, often eroded. Ligament strong; pseudocardinal tooth of the right valve triangular, equal height, pseudocardinal tooth of the left valve well developed; lateral teeth long; anterior adductor muscle scar strong and deep, posterior adductor muscle scar smaller and significantly weaker. Periostracum olive black. Nacre white.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF239FE9FF9ADE7AFF324D106FE5F820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" startId="7.[151,250,1900,1924]" targetBox="[220,1368,1170,1851]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF9ADE7AFF324D106FE5F820" blockId="7.[151,1436,1900,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFF324D106A71F854" bold="true" box="[151,279,1900,1924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFE2F4D1069E8F854" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[394,654,1900,1924]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFE2F4D1069E8F854" box="[394,654,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">Rhombuniopsis superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF9ADE7AFCEC4D1168AEF854" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[841,968,1901,1924]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF9ADE7AFCEC4D1168AEF854" box="[841,968,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="280">R. superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFF324DED6A5FF878" author="Neumayr, M." box="[151,313,1936,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" refId="ref11122" refString="Neumayr, M. (1899) Susswasser-Mollusken. Wiss. Erg. Reise Szecheny Ost-Asien, 2, 640." type="journal volume" year="1899">Neumayr, 1899</bibRefCitation>
). B. Specimen, collected from Tali-fu, Dali, Yunnan (from
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF9ADE7AFC314DEC6E61F878" author="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I." box="[916,1287,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="280" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref11078" refString="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I. (1973) On the East Asian Potomida-like Unionidae (Bivalvia). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Pripody, otdel biologicheskij, 78 (2), 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). C. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904301, shell length 28.8 mm. D. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904306, shell length 44.1 mm. E. Specimen collected from Lake Erhai, KIZ1904311, 39.0 mm. Scale bars: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE75FF624AEA6A77FF29" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF624AEA6A04FF60" bold="true" box="[199,354,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Comparison.</emphasis>
This species can be differentiated from the most similar species
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FB9E4AEB6FF1FF61" baseAuthorityName="Neumayr" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1083,1175,151,177]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FB9E4AEB6FF1FF61" box="[1083,1175,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having incisions on its pseudocardinal teeth but lacking a distinct closed concavity in the middle of its pseudocardinal tooth of the right valve area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE75FF624B7E68EFFD79" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF624B7E6AA7FECD" bold="true" box="[199,449,258,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FE6E4B7F69EFFECD" author="Neumayr, M." box="[459,649,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" refId="ref11122" refString="Neumayr, M. (1899) Susswasser-Mollusken. Wiss. Erg. Reise Szecheny Ost-Asien, 2, 640." type="journal volume" year="1899">Neumayr (1899)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FCAF4B7F68D2FECC" authorityName="Neumayr" authorityYear="1899" box="[778,948,259,284]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FCAF4B7F68D2FECC" box="[778,948,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Unio superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FC574B7F6F17FECD" authorityName="Neumayr" authorityYear="1899" box="[1010,1137,259,285]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FC574B7F6F17FECD" box="[1010,1137,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Unio heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on shells collected from Lake Erhai in
<collectingRegion id="49980183FF95DE75FE3C4B5B6A94FE91" box="[409,498,295,321]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FDA34B5B69FFFE91" author="Haas, F." box="[518,665,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="146 - 151" refId="ref9850" refString="Haas, F. (1920) Die Neumayrschen Najaden aus der Ausbeute des Grafen Szechenyi. Senckenbergiana, 2, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="1920">Haas (1920)</bibRefCitation>
established a new genus:
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FC494B5B6FE8FE91" box="[1004,1166,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsi</emphasis>
s, and considered that
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FF324B376AD7FEB4" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,433,331,357]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF324B376AD7FEB4" box="[151,433,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FE464B3769B7FEB5" baseAuthorityName="Neumayr" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[483,721,331,357]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FE464B3769B7FEB5" box="[483,721,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were the same species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FC764B376F91FEB5" author="Graf, D. L. &amp; Cummings, K. S." box="[979,1271,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="291 - 314" refId="ref9527" refString="Graf, D. L. &amp; Cummings, K. S. (2007) Review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 291 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eym 029" type="journal article" year="2007">Graf &amp; Cummings (2007)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FAA74B376B82FE59" author="He, J. &amp; Zhuang, Z. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="281" refId="ref9875" refString="He, J. &amp; Zhuang, Z. M. (2013) The Freshwater Bivalves of China. ConchBooks, 198 pp." type="book" year="2013">He &amp; Zhuang (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FF554B136AB6FE59" author="Zieritz, A. &amp; Bogan, A. E. &amp; Froufe, E. &amp; Klishko, O. &amp; Kondo, T. &amp; Kovitvadhi, U. &amp; Kovitvadhi, S. &amp; Lee, J. H. &amp; Lopes-Lima, M. &amp; Pfeiffer, J. M. &amp; Sousa, R. &amp; Do, T. V. &amp; Vikhrev, I. &amp; Zanatta, T. D." box="[240,464,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="29 - 44" refId="ref12090" refString="Zieritz, A., Bogan, A. E., Froufe, E., Klishko, O., Kondo, T., Kovitvadhi, U., Kovitvadhi, S., Lee, J. H., Lopes-Lima, M., Pfeiffer, J. M., Sousa, R., Do, T. V., Vikhrev, I. &amp; Zanatta, T. D. (2018) Diversity, biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in East and Southeast Asia. Hydrobiologia, 810 (1), 29 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 017 - 3104 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">Zieritz et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FE794B136860FE59" author="Graf, D. L. &amp; Cummings, K. S." box="[476,774,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" refId="ref9584" refString="Graf, D. L. &amp; Cummings, K. S. (2021) A ' big data' approach to global freshwater mussel diversity (Bivalvia: Unionoida), with an updated checklist of genera and species. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 87 (1), 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyaa 034" type="journal volume" year="2021">Graf &amp; Cummings (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FCE34B136F66FE59" author="Liu, X. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Wu, R. &amp; Zanatta, D. T. &amp; Lopes-Lima, M. &amp; Goncalves, D. V. &amp; Bogan, A. E. &amp; Ouyang, S. &amp; Wu, X. P." box="[838,1024,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="859 - 895" refId="ref10294" refString="Liu, X., Liu, Y., Wu, R., Zanatta, D. T., Lopes-Lima, M. &amp; Goncalves, D. V., Bogan, A. E., Ouyang, S. &amp; Wu, X. P. (2022) Systematics, distribution, biology, and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in China. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 32 (5), 859 - 895. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / aqc. 3799" type="journal article" year="2022">Liu et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
all agreed with Haas’s conclusion. However, there is a significant issue with this. Each species studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FC3D4BEF6F79FE7D" author="Haas, F." box="[920,1055,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="146 - 151" refId="ref9850" refString="Haas, F. (1920) Die Neumayrschen Najaden aus der Ausbeute des Grafen Szechenyi. Senckenbergiana, 2, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="1920">Haas (1920)</bibRefCitation>
has only one incomplete specimen (only one damaged left valve for
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FDB54BCB69FDFE00" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[528,667,439,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FDB54BCB69FDFE00" box="[528,667,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">U. superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one right valve for
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FC094BCB6F6CFE01" baseAuthorityName="Neumayr" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[940,1034,439,465]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FC094BCB6F6CFE01" box="[940,1034,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">U. heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The limited number of specimens poses a challenge, and most subsequent scholars have relied solely on Haas's descriptions and the extremely limited images provided in the original literature to support their arguments, without collecting additional samples for comparison. Only
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FECE485F6875FDED" author="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I." box="[363,787,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref11078" refString="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I. (1973) On the East Asian Potomida-like Unionidae (Bivalvia). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Pripody, otdel biologicheskij, 78 (2), 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov (1973)</bibRefCitation>
compared a larger number of specimens and considered both species to be valid. The population of
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FD37483B6859FDB1" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[658,831,583,609]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FD37483B6859FDB1" box="[658,831,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Lake Erhai is small, and the available specimens obtained through surveys are limited. However, the specimen images from
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FC5748176FCBFD55" author="Neumayr, M." box="[1010,1197,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" refId="ref11122" refString="Neumayr, M. (1899) Susswasser-Mollusken. Wiss. Erg. Reise Szecheny Ost-Asien, 2, 640." type="journal volume" year="1899">Neumayr (1899)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FB4248176A18FD79" author="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I." pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref11078" refString="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I. (1973) On the East Asian Potomida-like Unionidae (Bivalvia). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Pripody, otdel biologicheskij, 78 (2), 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov (1973)</bibRefCitation>
are sufficient to fulfill the research objectives.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE75FF6248CF69C2FBE5" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
Based on our morphological analyses, we concur with the conclusion of
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FC5148CF6EFFFD1D" author="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I." box="[1012,1433,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref11078" refString="Moskvicheva, I. M. &amp; Starobogatov, Ya. I. (1973) On the East Asian Potomida-like Unionidae (Bivalvia). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Pripody, otdel biologicheskij, 78 (2), 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1973">Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov (1973)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FF3248AB6A43FD21" author="Haas, F." box="[151,293,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" pagination="146 - 151" refId="ref9850" refString="Haas, F. (1920) Die Neumayrschen Najaden aus der Ausbeute des Grafen Szechenyi. Senckenbergiana, 2, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="1920">Haas (1920)</bibRefCitation>
acknowledged the morphological differences in teeth, but he did not support the presence of two species from the same genus within a single lake. Based on our research, one lake can indeed harbor several species of this genus (
<tableCitation id="C6DEFADAFF95DE75FE9949636AF4FCE9" box="[316,402,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[152,240,1124,1148]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,1202,1844]" captionTargetId="graphics-489@8.[151,1436,1314,1863]" captionText="TABLE 1. Checklist of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) of Yunnan. X indicates that the lake has a corresponding distribution of species belonging to the genus Rhombuniopsis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF239FE9FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" tableUuid="DF239FE9FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70">Table 1</tableCitation>
). For instance, both
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FD2149636845FCE9" authorityName="Fulton" authorityYear="1906" box="[644,803,799,825]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tauriformis">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FD2149636845FCE9" box="[644,803,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. tauriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FCFB496368AEFCE9" authorityName="Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov" box="[862,968,799,825]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fultoni">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FCFB496368AEFCE9" box="[862,968,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. fultoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in Lake Dianchi and Lake Lulianghai. In the southern and eastern regions of Lake Erhai, there are several ancient lakes that have dried up in recent times. These lakes used to be interconnected by rivers, and within the Lake Erhai water system, a few species from this genus coexist. Based on the comparison of the hinge teeth structure, we have observed that
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FAB149F76E09FC75" baseAuthorityName="Neumayr" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1300,1391,907,933]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FAB149F76E09FC75" box="[1300,1391,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distinct closed concavity in the middle of its pseudocardinal tooth area (in right valve), while
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FB7749D36E3CFC18" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1234,1370,943,968]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FB7749D36E3CFC18" box="[1234,1370,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks this feature and exhibits cracks in its pseudocardinal tooth region (in right valve). We did not find any shell having an intermediate pattern to support the idea that they are variations of the same species. Hence, we believe that
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FA21498B6B99FBE4" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FA21498B6B99FBE4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FE934E676AF7FBE5" baseAuthorityName="Neumayr" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[310,401,1051,1077]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heres">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FE934E676AF7FBE5" box="[310,401,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. heres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are two distinct species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF239FE9FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70" ID-Table-UUID="DF239FE9FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF239FE9FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" startId="8.[152,240,1124,1148]" targetBox="[156,1409,1202,1844]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE75FF3D4E186913FB70" blockId="8.[151,1436,1124,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF3D4E186A6EFBAC" bold="true" box="[152,264,1124,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Checklist of freshwater mussels (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FDFE4E1869AEFBAC" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[603,712,1124,1148]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Unionidae</taxonomicName>
) of Yunnan. X indicates that the lake has a corresponding distribution of species belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FE764EF46909FB70" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[467,623,1160,1184]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FE764EF46909FB70" box="[467,623,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE75FF394EC368DCF8F7" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<table id="F95C3DC1FF952182FF394ECE6EE7F8E4" box="[156,1409,1202,1844]" gridcols="10" gridrows="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394ECE6EE7FB0F" box="[156,1409,1202,1247]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394ECE6AF6FB0F" box="[156,400,1202,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Taxa</th>
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FE014ECE6936FB0F" box="[420,592,1202,1247]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Yangtze Basin</th>
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FD7A4ECE68F7FB0F" box="[735,913,1202,1247]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Pearl Basin</th>
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FB404ECE6EE7FB0F" box="[1253,1409,1202,1247]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Lankang-Mekong Basin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394E816EE7FAC0" box="[156,1409,1277,1296]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FE014E816A8EFAC0" box="[420,488,1277,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Dianchi</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FDAC4E816936FAC0" box="[521,592,1277,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Babuhai</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FDD74E8169A2FAC0" box="[626,708,1277,1296]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Chenghai</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FD7A4E81687CFAC0" box="[735,794,1277,1296]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Fuxian</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FCE34E8168F7FAC0" box="[838,913,1277,1296]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Xingyun</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FC0E4E816F5BFAC0" box="[939,1085,1277,1296]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Lulianghai Qilu</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FBD94E816FD0FAC0" box="[1148,1206,1277,1296]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Yilong</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FB404E816E75FAC0" box="[1253,1299,1277,1296]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Erhai</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FAEC4E816EE7FAC0" box="[1353,1409,1277,1296]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Jianhu</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394F456EE7FAB7" box="[156,1409,1337,1383]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394F456AF6FAB7" box="[156,400,1337,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394F456AE3FA9C" box="[156,389,1337,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis tauriformis</emphasis>
(Fulton, 1906)
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FE014F456A8EFAB7" box="[420,488,1337,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FC0E4F456F5BFAB7" box="[939,1085,1337,1383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394FEC6EE7FA08" box="[156,1409,1424,1496]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394FEC6AF6FA08" box="[156,400,1424,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394FEC6A3BFA73" box="[156,349,1424,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis fultoni</emphasis>
Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov, 1973
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FE014FEC6A8EFA08" box="[420,488,1424,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FC0E4FEC6F5BFA08" box="[939,1085,1424,1496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394C7D6EE7F9FF" box="[156,1409,1537,1583]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394C7D6AF6F9FF" box="[156,400,1537,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394C7D6A12F9C4" box="[156,372,1537,1556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis superstes</emphasis>
(Neumayr, 1899)
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FB404C7D6E75F9FF" box="[1253,1299,1537,1583]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394C246EE7F956" box="[156,1409,1624,1670]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394C246AF6F956" box="[156,400,1624,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394C246A34F9BB" box="[156,338,1624,1643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis heres</emphasis>
Neumayr, 1899
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FDD74C2469A2F956" box="[626,708,1624,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FB404C246E75F956" box="[1253,1299,1624,1670]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FAEC4C246EE7F956" box="[1353,1409,1624,1670]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394CD36EE7F90D" box="[156,1409,1711,1757]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394CD36AF6F90D" box="[156,400,1711,1757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394CD36A37F912" box="[156,337,1711,1730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis linan</emphasis>
Xiang, He &amp; Zhang
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FEA94CB66A36F90D" bold="true" box="[268,336,1738,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FD7A4CD3687CF90D" box="[735,794,1711,1757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FCE34CD368F7F90D" box="[838,913,1711,1757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FC0E4CD36F5BF90D" box="[939,1085,1711,1757]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FBD94CD36FD0F90D" box="[1148,1206,1711,1757]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CCD23FF952182FF394D7A6EE7F8E4" box="[156,1409,1798,1844]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BDA45FFF952182FF394D7A6AF6F8E4" box="[156,400,1798,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FF394D7A6A1AF8C9" box="[156,380,1798,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Rhombuniopsis songmeng</emphasis>
Xiang, He &amp; Zhang sp. nov.
</th>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FDAC4D7A6936F8E4" box="[521,592,1798,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
<td id="76BDA45FFF952182FC0E4D7A6F5BF8E4" box="[939,1085,1798,1844]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">X</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF95DE74FF624DE86F95FF05" blockId="8.[151,1436,1940,2038]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDB290FF95DE75FF624DE86AD2F87E" author="Bolotov, I. N. &amp; Pasupuleti, R. &amp; Subba Rao, N. V. &amp; Unnikrishnan, K. S. &amp; Chan, N. &amp; Lunn, Z. &amp; Win, T. &amp; Gofarov, M. Y. &amp; Kondakov, A. V. &amp; Konopleva, E. S. &amp; Lyubas, A. A. &amp; Tomilova, A. A. &amp; Vikhrev, I. V. &amp; Pfenninger, M. &amp; Duwel, S. S. &amp; Feldmeyer, B. &amp; Nesemann, H. F. &amp; Nagel, K. O." box="[199,436,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8728" refString="Bolotov, I. N., Pasupuleti, R., Subba Rao, N. V., Unnikrishnan, K. S., Chan, N., Lunn, Z., Win, T., Gofarov, M. Y., Kondakov, A. V., Konopleva, E. S., Lyubas, A. A., Tomilova, A. A., Vikhrev, I. V., Pfenninger, M., Duwel, S. S., Feldmeyer, B., Nesemann, H. F. &amp; Nagel, K. O. (2022) Oriental freshwater mussels arose in East Gondwana and arrived to Asia on the Indian Plate and Burma Terrane. Scientific Reports, 12, 1518. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 022 - 05257 - 0" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Bolotov
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FE8C4DE96A04F87E" box="[297,354,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FDF64DE969BDF87E" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1920" box="[595,731,1941,1966]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Rhombuniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="superstes">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FDF64DE969BDF87E" box="[595,731,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">R. superstes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be classified under
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF95DE75FBAA4DE96FC5F87E" baseAuthorityName="Vikhrev, Bolotov &amp; Aksenova" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1039,1187,1941,1966]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Leoparreysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF95DE75FBAA4DE96FC5F87E" box="[1039,1187,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="281">Leoparreysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we disagree with this viewpoint. As we have explained previously, there are significant differences between these two genera, and the unique environment of the plateau ancient lakes makes it unlikely for any mussel species to adapt to such high-altitude conditions. There is no evidence to suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF94DE74FCD24AEB6F68FF60" baseAuthorityName="Vikhrev, Bolotov &amp; Aksenova" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[887,1038,151,176]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Leoparreysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="282" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF94DE74FCD24AEB6F68FF60" box="[887,1038,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="282">Leoparreysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can survive in such high-altitude environments, and there is no record of any species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C5CB4E2FF94DE74FC064AC76F5CFF04" baseAuthorityName="Vikhrev, Bolotov &amp; Aksenova" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[931,1082,187,212]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Leoparreysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="282" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF94DE74FC064AC76F5CFF04" box="[931,1082,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="282">Leoparreysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus in
<collectingCountry id="F34B8FF1FF94DE74FB0D4AC76F89FF05" box="[1192,1263,187,213]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="282">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3CF61FF94DE74FF624AA26F83FF29" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,249]" box="[199,1253,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B9281373FF94DE74FF624AA26A95FF28" bold="true" box="[199,499,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="282">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Lives on muddy to sandy substrates, only known from Lake Erhai.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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