325 lines
43 KiB
XML
325 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="369FF2D0F8D3EEC18B117E91D9C7872C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ac33645-b7b9-4511-9397-7536110d6fdd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267817" ID-ZooBank="3F006EA6-D22C-4CFF-A763-D60F2E5D892A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1474009158104" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian, Hestetun, Jon T., Uhlir, Carolin, Freiwald, André, Beuck, Lydia & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2016" docId="03CD87C9FFA0AA46DEC0F84303FFF81F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4168.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4168 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cladorhiza corallophila Göcke, Hestetun, Uhlir, Freiwald, Beuck & Janussen, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FFF4FFB1FFA2AA43DE57FFD60779FFCF" masterDocTitle="Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)" masterLastPageNumber="524" masterPageNumber="512" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1698386046290" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7B6682A4925D73CD6EDD134D7278E069" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="60CF5694991D3B627AADDF0ECAE060CC">
|
||
<mods:title id="4C14CB5D018253E6F50ECA755560700B">Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6E7D6F94095AEF7F76C4E650CC34E420" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="121ABB561E1421CD27E1B9AD5959A711">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8627BABD3A512BF78354297635023394">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F11A1299323938CE0CAC260EE0E5E48E">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="53A283140D6D21067CC88BDA01AFED76" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="74F7103ADC950DC4EBA4ABBADB63B415">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="465644996FDB960E668FC0C1A0772E30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8882965FF2DE41D0337330CF16E4D80A">Hestetun, Jon T.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="239BD3B7B9DE3384BAF7D5CB9197D2E3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AEBC9F4C7B3117B9B4A5B59BDFE4BCC9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1A1B722AC7545FFDB9677F2A9FE8DD6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4BA54C70D10A3CECD1EEDB0F540655C1">Uhlir, Carolin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C3533A777E70C165EFEE1E9FB6EB1AC1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="09AA187C4AFB1726823738850CB9A567">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C0298ADDB9ACB3567D18BE349B516CC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A89CF57AF61507B9418DD9B906D87110">Freiwald, André</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DD8A58D2C9E44393C72C77C50AEF5876" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C3415FE53C07557D4DDA7E0FEC3AE1B2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EE2A95FC05B585ABA5A90241092BB967">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5879AFCE88E7AE64CC7772202436128A">Beuck, Lydia</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C6500FB91B004EB93A285DB55CDABBD2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="24F430FB45BE71ABB5931C815021CE9B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="06B4721F17ADAA50F586D71E84947DE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1A81CB10BCBA33B7A26996D618B5FE23">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A37D57875E9A9985866CDCFAA67CF970">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="81EA42BCBC202C95DB4EEC26717784E0" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="54428D9CFDC4ED1FAE1F5D9D407B172D">
|
||
<mods:title id="94695CE70CE88218428FD575B70B924B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="5A2FF8ED1AA04BEA38AFA84C9DED0C1D">
|
||
<mods:date id="99B16CE512139EA2F92D0DA04D7DA4AC">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4932BFFF69ABB63495790A1F57C86284" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D78A16B025B5058BDA5D957BA37DC014">4168</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C143A6EAE6281762CCF09F9D64314F35" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="DFFD4E2388AD56332AEC8139BF949A3E">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="44BCC4753F1CB6B6D0D0142A7A893441" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0B1FDC35FA186EB3196A2814BC46BC52">512</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="98CAF9B9AE73982F638E482CD0E9720A">524</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2961F3444B79DF30EC33CF36D82BDB8A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5CEBD5442F631E95142F16FD7819E7C1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BB809B5786871ED8FA4828EEFF00E9BF" type="GBIF-Dataset">5ac33645-b7b9-4511-9397-7536110d6fdd</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C689CAC548FB7FA00B64B599DAF6C440" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3D06FF6B79C6337FCBF74125F0A59ED6" type="Zenodo-Dep">267817</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AD9DE838E1EADB4DA706631C264C884A" type="ZooBank">3F006EA6-D22C-4CFF-A763-D60F2E5D892A</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CD87C9FFA0AA46DEC0F84303FFF81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87C9FFA0AA46DEC0F84303FFF81F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87C9FFA0AA46DEC0F84303FFF81F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="2" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37E6554FFA0AA41DEC0F8430562F860" box="[151,539,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA0AA41DEC0F8430562F860" blockId="2.[151,539,1941,1967]" box="[151,539,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading id="D09381B3FFA0AA41DEC0F8430562F860" bold="true" box="[151,539,1941,1967]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="514" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA0AA41DEC0F8430562F860" bold="true" box="[151,539,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA0AA41DEC0F84306CEF860" ID-CoL="5YW5D" box="[151,439,1941,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="514" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA0AA41DEC0F84306CEF860" bold="true" box="[151,439,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="514">Cladorhiza corallophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22357B6FFA0AA41DFEAF8430562F860" box="[445,539,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="514" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37E6554FFA1AA40DEC0FF4104FBFF1A" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA1AA40DEC0FF4104FBFF1A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DEC0FF410668FF7F" bold="true" box="[151,273,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DF4AFF4E06E3FF7F" box="[285,410,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DF4AFF4E06E3FF7F" box="[285,410,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of straight upright growth without roots, with surface filaments being rounded in life, attached to skeleton of live or occasionally dead cold-water corals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37E6554FFA1AA40DE90FF0905ECFD03" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA1AA40DE90FF0903FCFDF2" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DE90FF09064FFF37" bold="true" box="[199,310,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
3 specimens (SMF11490 holotype, SMF11491, GenBank nr.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9437AB3CFFA1AA40DA4FFF0903EEFF37" box="[1048,1175,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU508388" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">KU508388</accessionNumber>
|
||
/391/394, SMF 11492, GenBank nr.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9437AB3CFFA1AA40DF63FED206CBFED2" box="[308,434,260,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU508387" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">KU508387</accessionNumber>
|
||
/390/393) on live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DCD2FED20431FED3" box="[645,840,260,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DCD2FED20431FED3" box="[645,840,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sta. GeoB 14914-1-3, ROV dive 12 17°08.196'N, 16°49.466'W,
|
||
<date id="FFDA101FFFA1AA40DF60FEFE056FFE8F" box="[311,534,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" value="2010-11-17">
|
||
17 November
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA1AA40DF8CFEFE056FFE8F" box="[475,534,296,320]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.010512" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="2010512.0">2010</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 512 m water depth, Tiguent Mound Complex, two of which consist of several coalesced individuals, attached to dead framework portions of a live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DDC8FE9A0326FEAB" box="[927,1119,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DDC8FE9A0326FEAB" box="[927,1119,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony, originally inhabited by amphipods. One separate specimen (SMF11489) and approximately five individuals on one live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DB6FFEA60792FE63" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DB6FFEA60792FE63" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony (SaM-ID 1 430, GenBank nr.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9437AB3CFFA1AA40DCDAFE420475FE62" box="[653,780,404,429]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU508386" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">KU508386</accessionNumber>
|
||
/389/392), Timiris Mound Complex, sta. GeoB 14873-1-5, ROV dive 5, 18°57.765'N, 16°52.151'W,
|
||
<date id="FFDA101FFFA1AA40DC3AFE6E0432FE1F" box="[621,843,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" value="2010-11-10">
|
||
10 November
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA1AA40DD47FE6E0432FE1F" box="[784,843,440,464]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.010485" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="2010485.0">2010</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 485 m water depth, basal portions of sponge inside coral skeleton (coral overgrowth), co-occurring with gastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DD33FE0A0494FE3B" box="[868,1005,476,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Calliostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DD33FE0A0494FE3B" box="[868,1005,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Calliostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grazing
|
||
<collectedFrom id="38787522FFA1AA40DA07FE0B024AFE3B" box="[1104,1331,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DA23FE0A024AFE3B" box="[1140,1331,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DA23FE0A024AFE3B" box="[1140,1331,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, sponges in live often inhabited by amphipods. Several dried fragmentary specimens (SMF 11410) from sta. GeoB 14902-1- 9, ROV dive 9, 17°32.848’N 16°39.703’W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA1AA40DCD3FDF205B2FDF3" box="[644,715,548,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="407.0">407 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth, Tamxat Mound Complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA1AA40DE90FD9105ECFD03" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0C3C82FFA1AA40DE90FD9105ECFD03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313442859" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Norwegian Arctic Expedition & Dr. A. & Type" country="Norway" latitude="69.51667" location="Ingolf station" longLatPrecision="980" longitude="-7.1" municipality="Challenger-Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" specimenCode="BMNH 1910.1" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
Additional material used for comparison:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DCF0FD9E0353FDAF" authority="Sars, 1872" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" box="[679,1066,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DCF0FD9E04DDFDAF" box="[679,932,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Cladorhiza abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B2EFFA1AA40DDFAFD9E0353FDAF" author="Sars" box="[941,1066,584,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast. Part 1, partly from posthumous manuscripts of the late Prof. Mich. Sars. University Program for the 1 rs half-year 1869, Brogger & Christie, Christiania viii + 82 pp., 6 pls." type="book" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED75AE1AFFA1AA40DA60FD9E03F2FD90" box="[1079,1163,584,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
[19]34.2.16.14 labelled “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F373764FFFA1AA40DEF6FDBA0786FD4B" box="[161,255,620,644]" name="Norway" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, From
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A0F83DFFA1AA40DF36FDBA06EFFD4A" box="[353,406,620,645]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Oslo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Museum,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBFACA5FFA1AA40DC77FDBA0467FD4A" box="[544,798,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Challenger-Collection</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
”,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC29EA4FFA1AA40DD6AFDBB0496FD4B" box="[829,1007,620,644]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED75AE1AFFA1AA40DD6AFDBB04E8FD4B" box="[829,913,621,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1910.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.1.1372 labelled “
|
||
<collectorName id="26915309FFA1AA40DA90FDBA066BFD67" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Norwegian Arctic Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
1876-8,
|
||
<collectorName id="26915309FFA1AA40DF22FD4606C2FD67" box="[373,443,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Dr. A.</collectorName>
|
||
Hansen, “
|
||
<collectorName id="26915309FFA1AA40DC79FD460514FD67" box="[558,621,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF887DFFA1AA40DC79FD460514FD67" box="[558,621,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DCD6FD460375FD67" authority="Lundbeck, 1905" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityYear="1905" box="[641,1036,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gelida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DCD6FD460435FD67" box="[641,844,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Cladorhiza gelida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B2EFFA1AA40DD04FD590375FD67" author="Lundbeck" box="[851,1036,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1905) Porifera. (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (2), 1 - 219, pls. I - XX." type="journal article" year="1905">Lundbeck, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ZMUC-DEM-31 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF887DFFA1AA40DAB4FD46023DFD67" box="[1251,1348,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EBB6004FFA1AA40DB00FD59079BFD02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87C9FFA0AA46DEC0F84303FFF81F:8EBB6004FFA1AA40DB00FD59079BFD02" country="Norway" latitude="69.51667" longLatPrecision="980" longitude="-7.1" municipality="Challenger-Collection" name="Ingolf station" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" stateProvince="Oslo">Ingolf station</location>
|
||
113,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE505018FFA1AA40DF48FD6206FAFD02" box="[287,387,692,717]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" precision="925" value="69.51667">69°31’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE505018FFA1AA40DFD9FD62069EFD02" box="[398,487,692,717]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" precision="925" value="-7.1">7°06’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1896, 2465 m.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1B6657FFA1AA40DEC0F9BA07A0F8F5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" targetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA1AA40DEC0F9BA07A0F8F5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1644,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DEC0F9BA066BF94E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1644,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus and skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DC5AF9BB05DEF94D" box="[525,679,1644,1666]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DC5AF9BB05DEF94D" box="[525,679,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">C. corallophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22357B6FFA1AA40DCF9F9BA0587F94E" box="[686,766,1644,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DCF9F9BA0587F94E" bold="true" box="[686,766,1644,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: A:
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DD7CF9BB0413F94D" box="[811,874,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
-picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DFC8F95D051FF96E" box="[415,614,1675,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DFC8F95D051FF96E" box="[415,614,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B:
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DBD0F95A07C2F970" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
-picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908-1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148’N 1640.6’W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DF3CF930056EF932" box="[363,535,1766,1789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DF3CF930056EF932" box="[363,535,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37E6554FFA1AA46DE90F8B003FFF81F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA1AA47DE90F8B006E9FC22" blockId="3.[151,1437,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DE90F8B00620F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1894,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is always found growing on cold-water corals of the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DAD8F8B10234F8B0" box="[1167,1357,1895,1919]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DAD8F8B10234F8B0" box="[1167,1357,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to a lesser degree on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA1AA40DF05F85D0552F86C" box="[338,555,1931,1955]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA1AA40DF05F85D0552F86C" box="[338,555,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA1AA40DC6CF85C05F9F86C" box="[571,640,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="515">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sponge grows predominantly erect upright into the water column and reaches a height of at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA1AA40DFA4F8790545F808" box="[499,572,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
. It can be locally very abundant. The sponges grow upright with a continuous middle axis with a diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA1AA40DC10F80505F3F825" box="[583,650,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="515" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
from which lateral processes emerge. These processes are only very rarely branching. The processes of the lower part of the sponge are longer than those of the upper part, so a continuous growth of the processes can be assumed. They can be up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA6AA47DA45FF6A0333FF1B" box="[1042,1098,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long with a diameter about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA6AA47DBD9FF6A07BFFF38" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Often the lateral branches are arranged more or less in a plane, giving the sponge a somewhat flat or featherlike appearance. Most specimens nonetheless have their branches arranged more or less regularly around the central axis. The surface of the lateral branches is covered by small, short filaments. In this regard, the species comprises two different forms, which are especially noticeable when looking at specimens fixed in ethanol: some have the surface covered with very distinct pointed filaments about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9C9B3AFFA6AA47DDC9FEA60498FE48" box="[926,993,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, while others have only very tiny surface filaments, which are almost like nodes of the sponge surface. When looking at
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA6AA47DAD1FE4303B7FE63" box="[1158,1230,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
pictures of living sponges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA6AA47DF55FE61063EFE1F" box="[258,327,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), it becomes obvious that this character is mainly due to shrinking of the tissue in ethanol, because in life, the filaments are larger and seem to be somewhat inflated and more rounded, than in the ethanol samples. The similarity is also apparent when comparing sections of both varieties (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA6AA47DAD3FE2903B5FDD7" box="[1156,1228,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F, H). On closer examination the sponge surface reminds of a cork-screw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA6AA47DD48FDF20418FDF3" box="[799,865,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500 µm, I: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Several specimens are coalesced together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA6AA47DB38FDF207DCFDAF" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), in these cases, the main axes of the sponges must have met and merged, sometimes forming one main axis, but more often a branching follows again. This latter case might actually derive from different individuals growing near to each other and coalescing where they met. All specimens grow on scleractinian framework-building corals, they do not have distinct basal structures, but they are connected to their substrate very strongly. When attached in between live portions of the coral skeleton, the coral tends to overgrow the attachment zones of the sponge, encalcifying subsequently its base and thus strengthening its attachment strongly. This interaction gives better support to the large growing sponge bodies in moving water and thus points to an advantage for the sponges to their life on cold-water corals. The color of the sponge alive and in ethanol is yellowish to white. Several findings of fragmented crustaceans within the sponges underline their carnivorous feeding habit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA6AA47DAE5FCB10384FC4F" box="[1202,1277,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H, 3 H, I). Additionally, ROV images show a multitude of amphipods in close vicinity to the sponge. As these are certainly not prey for the sponge, due to their large size, they might be considered as commensals, feeding on the same source as the sponges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1B6657FFA6AA47DEC0F88C04C7F803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" targetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA6AA47DEC0F88C04C7F803" blockId="4.[151,1436,1882,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA6AA47DEC0F88C066CF8A0" bold="true" box="[151,277,1882,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA6AA47DFCEF88D054CF8BF" box="[409,565,1882,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA6AA47DFCEF88D054CF8BF" box="[409,565,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">C. corallophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22357B6FFA6AA47DC69F88D05E9F8BF" box="[574,656,1883,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="516" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA6AA47DC69F88D05E9F8BF" bold="true" box="[574,656,1883,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="516">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500µm, I: 100µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1B6657FFA7AA46DEC0FACA049BFABF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267821/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517" targetBox="[150,1435,195,1285]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DEC0FACA049BFABF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1308,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DEC0FACA066AFAFE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1308,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparative material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA7AA46DC4CFACB05DDFAFD" box="[539,676,1308,1330]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="517" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DC4CFACB05DDFAFD" box="[539,676,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">C. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D5CFFA7AA46DD77FACB0404FAFD" box="[800,893,1308,1330]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="517" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gelida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DD77FACB0404FAFD" box="[800,893,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">C. gelida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E–F): A: Section of BMNH 1910.1.1.1372, Hansen collection “type”, B–D: Habitus and section of BMNH 1934.2.16.14, E–F: Habitus with close-ups of ZMUC-DEM-31 (Syntype). Scale bars: A: 1 mm, B: 1 cm, C: 4 mm, D: 1 mm, E: 2 cm, F–G: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DE90FA4D05F5F91A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1435,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DE90FA4D064CFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,309,1435,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole sponge body, the main axis as well as the branches, is cored by a filament formed by a dense aggregation of mycalostyles, strongyles, and occasional oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA7AA46DDFDFA160494FA16" box="[938,1005,1472,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,769,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,769,1623]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ - picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ - picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908 - 1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148 ’ N 1640.6 ’ W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267819/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F, H). Branches project laterally from the main axis, being supported by a spicular fibre with a thickness of a few megascleres. At the attachment point of the lateral processes, the coring spicules of their central fibres fan out, forming a broader attachment site. At the top of the tapering appendages the apex of some megascleres breaks through the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA7AA46DB7FF9FA0214F98A" box="[1320,1389,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500 µm, I: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Anchorate anisochelae densely cover the whole body, especially at the ends of the branchlets. Sigmata are less common than anisochelae and often distributed along the axis, but are absent in the younger branchlets. On some SEM-pictures sigmata are found on exposed places without or under anisochelae. In
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA7AA46DACEF94E0399F97E" box="[1177,1248,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500 µm, I: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
H, I are entire crustacean bodies seen while being digested.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DE90F9360780F8D2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1435,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DE90F9360649F936" bold="true" box="[199,304,1760,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Here, we restrict the description of spicules mainly to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF887DFFA7AA46DA41F9360302F936" box="[1046,1147,1760,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, further data can be found in tab. 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DEC0F8FF0650F88E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1435,2001]" box="[151,297,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DEC0F8FF0650F88E" bold="true" box="[151,297,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DE90F89B0380F862" blockId="5.[151,1436,1435,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
a) Mainly
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DF17F89B052AF8AA" bold="true" box="[320,595,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
mycalostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA7AA46DFBFF89A0557F8AB" box="[488,558,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500 µm, I: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DCD9F89B04FCF8AA" bold="true" box="[654,901,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
strongyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A5AFFA7AA46DD4FF89A0426F8AB" box="[792,863,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,1057,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500 µm, I: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267820/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, straight or slightly curved. Sometimes hybrid and hard to define, probably blunt styles. Rarely subtylostyles. Dimensions: mycalostyles 28 0–420 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DB57F8A60253F847" bold="true" box="[1280,1322,1904,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">335</emphasis>
|
||
± 43) L
|
||
<date id="FFDA101FFFA7AA46DBD9F8A707DAF862" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">x 8</date>
|
||
–14.4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DEA3F842065BF863" bold="true" box="[244,290,1940,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">11.6</emphasis>
|
||
± 1.5) W, N= 30; strongyles 200–410 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DC8BF842047FF863" bold="true" box="[732,774,1940,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">358</emphasis>
|
||
± 52) L x 11.2–17.6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DDABF8420354F863" bold="true" box="[1020,1069,1940,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">14.2</emphasis>
|
||
± 1.42) W, N= 30
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36DFFFA7AA46DE90F86E03FFF81F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1435,2001]" box="[199,1158,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">
|
||
b) Occasionally
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DF29F86F06CDF81E" bold="true" box="[382,436,1977,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">oxea</emphasis>
|
||
. Dimensions: 300–440 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DC9DF86E0470F81F" bold="true" box="[714,777,1976,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">373.5</emphasis>
|
||
± 42.7) L x 6.4–9.6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EACDFFA7AA46DDAEF86E0365F81F" bold="true" box="[1017,1052,1976,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="517">7.8</emphasis>
|
||
± 1.2) W
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |