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<document id="CE952C6E5E77EC720356A8DD717B4CB5" ID-CLB-Dataset="20580" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.533.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e08e5f77-e318-4459-a6a3-3c4c22c6ef21" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145006" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645170749636" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ridley, Rhonda &amp; Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro" docDate="2022" docId="03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.533.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 533 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Carex firmula subsp. tenuis Jim., comb. et stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="FF806E40FFA8FFC1FFF8FE24FFEFFFE4" masterDocTitle="Incipient insular differentiation of Carex firmula (Cyperaceae, former genus Uncinia) in the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile)" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="267" pageNumber="279" updateTime="1699314489302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="3DDA9F32ECE1029A41E0B0A89A5D4629" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FEEDFEA03459E3FC6B19CC46B4C22769">
<mods:title id="40FAEBFD7EF3F5AA3B9F60EC9E7411D5">Incipient insular differentiation of Carex firmula (Cyperaceae, former genus Uncinia) in the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8C907DC571E54986C3839A30CBC4B820" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BC07E1BA6B124DD60D1BBF06FF9FB748">
<mods:roleTerm id="F7D28D4611B6B5F69EE5EE55B71CF80E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FFA4DDF81FEEC2B86FA92887996FFBF9">Ridley, Rhonda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="67B9AD449349B3FCE62800EAA97E902C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0108-1116</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="57C2E3D56299F88288142EC3AA829F93">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden &amp; rhondaridley @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0108 - 1116</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7388A168FAFA40D0E1C7B5C2564C53B" type="email">rhondaridley@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="290F2CC5EBC1CF4FAD3C3780C0D6CEDE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F719ADA62D92C84487AF78232A4496E7">
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<mods:namePart id="85876F8FCD705D48EC0D5AA75A4A4734">Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B5BD988B9204DE2245671B739387413" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2815-4477</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9C3D81248720E518A59AAC394197BF0E">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden &amp; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid &amp; Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C / Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain &amp; pjimmej @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2815 - 4477</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="987FF9BC0294CB84EFC5EEE2D1543DB3" type="email">pjimmej@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1654B23A519E08D016D66B2228038515">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EEBECBD0EE14B665802678C4165D3B9B">
<mods:title id="CFF82FE909E4796D5E882EFC2245FC3A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="785B9D86EF2B5F52257E13D2F83CDAD8">
<mods:date id="A4FC260304D4603D5363826D22756995">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="10BE9AEC75A27D3774EF8B9403471C4D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8672C69C42616B4381E61B575B3DDDE5">2022-02-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3E86A5A17B24C1712F1C994FCD0ACC61" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1E324BD83A48415AE9C441F0954A7FCB">533</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6C6EE147C46594A1D2900CAAB84BF730" type="issue">
<mods:number id="173BCC18C06AC574B92AEFC53C4BA648">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1CD9C6C9B70EE446C9AD04D5B37BE726" type="CLB-Dataset">20580</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07623E3EE3CBA6612EAF9CA27B872C6B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.533.5.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31F0F7C57FE36C2B7C916F7A946DE785" type="GBIF-Dataset">e08e5f77-e318-4459-a6a3-3c4c22c6ef21</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="44AB9CB21036E799ADE6EA5050EB2DE2" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6313642" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193400985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6313642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA4FFCDFF70F884FAB8F95E" box="[136,1367,1695,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA4FFCDFF70F884FAB8F95E" blockId="12.[136,1367,1695,1723]" box="[136,1367,1695,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF70F884FB0FF95E" bold="true" box="[136,1248,1695,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
1b.
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA4FFCDFF4CF884FCFCF95E" ID-CoL="RC8L" authority="(Poepp. ex Kunth) Jim." authorityName="Jim." baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[180,787,1695,1723]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="firmula" subSpecies="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF4CF884FEB7F95F" bold="true" box="[180,344,1696,1723]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Carex firmula</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFE49F884FE18F95E" bold="true" box="[433,503,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">tenuis</emphasis>
(Poepp. ex Kunth) Jim.
</taxonomicName>
-Mejías &amp; R.Ridley,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A257C647FFA4FFCDFBF1F884FB0FF95E" box="[1033,1248,1696,1722]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">comb. et stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132BBBABFFA4FFCDFB16F884FAA0F95E" box="[1262,1359,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[179,1419,214,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1568]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Carex firmula subsp. firmula from Juan Fernández (O. T. Solbrig 3741 US): inflorescence (A) and utricles (B). Carex firmula subsp. tenuis from mainland South America S. Laegaard 101173 US): inflorescence (C) and utricles (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6145026/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA4FFCDFF70F8C8FCD8F8E5" box="[136,823,1771,1794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA4FFCDFF70F8C8FCD8F8E5" blockId="12.[136,1451,1771,1866]" box="[136,823,1771,1794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB1813FFFA4FFCDFF6EF8C8FD52F8E6" author="Kunth, Enum. Pl." box="[150,701,1772,1794]" journal="Pl." page="525" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1837">
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA4FFCDFF6EF8C8FDDAF8E6" authority="Poepp. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl." authorityName="Kunth, Enum. Pl." box="[150,565,1772,1794]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hyaloscyphaceae" genus="Uncinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF6EF8C8FECDF8E5" box="[150,290,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Uncinia tenuis</emphasis>
Poepp. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl.
</taxonomicName>
2: 525 (1837)
</treatmentCitation>
[basionym].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA4FFCDFF70F934FDE6F8AE" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA4FFCDFF70F934FDE6F8AE" blockId="12.[136,1451,1771,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<materialsCitation id="3B78AD73FFA4FFCDFF70F934FDE6F8AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3467884302" collectingDate="1827-02" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="de Quilai-Leuvu" country="Chile" location="Valle de Quilai-Leuvu" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF70F934FF0AF8C1" box="[136,229,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<typeStatus id="54AB198CFFA4FFCDFF70F934FF0AF8C1" box="[136,229,1808,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF81DADFFFA4FFCDFE7AF934FD2EF8C2" author="Wheeler, G. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[386,705,1808,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" pagination="7 - 25" refId="ref11468" refString="Wheeler, G. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P. (1997) Uncinia (Cyperaceae) of Ecuador. Aliso 15 (1): 7 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5642 / aliso. 19961501.03" type="journal article" year="1997">Wheeler and Goetghebeur, 1997</bibRefCitation>
): ―
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA4FFCDFD0BF934FCD3F8C1" box="[755,828,1808,1829]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">CHILE</collectingCountry>
, Antuco,
<location id="8ECFF1F5FFA4FFCDFC61F934FB9BF8C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51:8ECFF1F5FFA4FFCDFC61F934FB9BF8C2" box="[921,1140,1808,1830]" country="Chile" name="Valle de Quilai-Leuvu" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
Valle
<collectorName id="26E5C2F8FFA4FFCDFC2AF934FB9BF8C2" box="[978,1140,1808,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">de Quilai-Leuvu</collectorName>
</location>
,
<date id="FFAE81EEFFA4FFCDFB87F934FB25F8C1" box="[1151,1226,1808,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" value="1827-02">
<collectingDate id="EFEA7806FFA4FFCDFB87F934FB25F8C1" box="[1151,1226,1808,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" value="1827-02">II-1827</collectingDate>
</date>
-29,
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFB0CF934FA9FF8C1" box="[1268,1392,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Poeppig 243</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED013FEBFFA4FFCDFA86F934FA48F8C1" box="[1406,1447,1808,1829]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">BM</collectionCode>
; iso- HAL-0109859 digital image!)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA4FFCDFF70F958FC18F876" box="[136,1015,1916,1938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA4FFCDFF70F958FC18F876" blockId="12.[136,1451,1916,2010]" box="[136,1015,1916,1938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA4FFCDFF6EF958FE92F875" authority="Decne." authorityName="Decne." box="[150,381,1916,1937]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hyaloscyphaceae" genus="Uncinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF6EF958FEDDF875" box="[150,306,1916,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Uncinia gracilis</emphasis>
Decne.
</taxonomicName>
in J.S.C.Dumont dUrville, Voy. Pôle Sud, Atlas: t. 6, f. B (1843).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA4FFCDFF70F984FD65F83E" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA4FFCDFF70F984FD65F83E" blockId="12.[136,1451,1916,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<materialsCitation id="3B78AD73FFA4FFCDFF70F984FD65F83E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3467884303" collectionCode="B" collectorName="de Magellan" country="Chile" location="Detroit de Magellan" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFF70F984FF0FF851" box="[136,224,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
<typeStatus id="54AB198CFFA4FFCDFF70F984FF0FF851" box="[136,224,1952,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: Dumont dUrville (1843): t. 6, f.
<collectionCode id="ED013FEBFFA4FFCDFDDAF984FDDBF851" box="[546,564,1952,1973]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="12" pageNumber="279" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFDC5F984FD69F851" box="[573,646,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Epitype</emphasis>
(here designated): ―
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA4FFCDFCA0F984FC4DF851" box="[856,930,1952,1973]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8ECFF1F5FFA4FFCDFC52F984FB84F852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B91638FFA4FFCFFF70F884FB2CFE51:8ECFF1F5FFA4FFCDFC52F984FB84F852" box="[938,1131,1952,1974]" country="Chile" name="Detroit de Magellan" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">
Detroit
<collectorName id="26E5C2F8FFA4FFCDFC0AF984FB84F852" box="[1010,1131,1952,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">de Magellan</collectorName>
</location>
, 1841
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA4FFCDFB50F984FAC5F851" box="[1192,1322,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="279">Hombron s.n.</emphasis>
(P-00277462 digital image!; iso- P-00277463 digital image!).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6FF7A6FFA5FFCCFF70F81DFB9FF997" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6145026/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" startId="13.[136,229,1593,1615]" targetBox="[179,1419,214,1550]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA5FFCCFF70F81DFB9FF997" blockId="13.[136,1452,1593,1651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFF70F81DFF12F9AA" bold="true" box="[136,253,1593,1615]" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA5FFCCFEFAF81DFDF9F9AA" authority="subsp. firmula" box="[258,534,1593,1615]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="firmula" subSpecies="firmula">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFEFAF81DFE67F9AA" box="[258,392,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">Carex firmula</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFE37F81DFDF9F9AA" box="[463,534,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">firmula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Juan Fernández (O. T. Solbrig 3741 US): inflorescence (A) and utricles (B).
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA5FFCCFADEF81DFEEBF996" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="firmula" subSpecies="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFADEF81DFA43F9AA" box="[1318,1452,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">Carex firmula</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFF33F879FEEBF996" box="[203,260,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from mainland South America S. Laegaard 101173 US): inflorescence (C) and utricles (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA5FFCCFF70F885FEACF83F" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA5FFCCFF70F885FEACF83F" blockId="13.[136,1452,1697,2084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">
Perennials, with rhizomes short to long-creeping. Stems, erect,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFCB3F885FC3AF958" box="[843,981,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="34.5" valueMin="9.5">9.534.5 cm</quantity>
tall,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFBF6F885FB7BF958" box="[1038,1172,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.4">0.41.1 mm</quantity>
in diameter near middle, smooth. Leaves, flat, linear, 510 on each flowering shoot, shorter than to slightly longer than the culms, (0.7)
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFAAFF8E1FF5BF8E0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.53.5 mm</quantity>
wide, gradually tapering to a scabrous attenuate tip; basal sheaths brown. Spike, solitary, androgynous densely flowered, linear to linear-cylindrical,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFDCBF929FD5DF8CC" box="[563,690,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="2.3">2.36.2 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFD04F929FC6AF8CC" box="[764,901,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="1.6">1.63.8 mm</quantity>
wide, the short staminate part
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFB10F929FA85F8CC" box="[1256,1386,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="7.35" valueMax="10.7" valueMin="4.0">410.7 mm</quantity>
long. Pistillate glumes deciduous, membranous, lanceolate, glabrous, slightly shorter than utricles,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFB51F915FADEF8A8" box="[1193,1329,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.8">1.83.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFA82F915FF31F894" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7 1.3 mm</quantity>
wide, apex acute, with a greenish middle strip and margins broadly hyaline, sometimes brown-tinged toward apex, 1 veined; persistent saccate stipe-like structure
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFD21F95DFCB0F870" box="[729,863,1913,1940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.4">0.41.1 mm</quantity>
long. Utricle
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,
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFB7EF95DFAE2F870" box="[1158,1293,1913,1940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.6">0.61.3 mm</quantity>
wide; rachilla with an exserted length of
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFE42F9B9FDC1F85C" box="[442,558,1949,1976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.3">2.34 mm</quantity>
long, the apical hook
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA5FFCCFCD6F9B9FC55F85C" box="[814,954,1949,1976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.9">0.91.8 mm</quantity>
. Nutlets
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long,
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wide, oblong-obovoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA5FFCCFF45F9C1FC4CF7C7" pageId="13" pageNumber="280" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA5FFCCFF45F9C1FC4CF7C7" blockId="13.[136,1452,1697,2084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFF45F9C1FEA9F81B" box="[189,326,2021,2047]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">Distribution</emphasis>
:—From Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, through the Andes north to
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA5FFCCFBBDF9C1FB59F81B" box="[1093,1206,2021,2047]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, apparently disjunctly distributed across Central America and
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA5FFCCFDBBF62DFD76F7C7" box="[579,665,2057,2083]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Govaerts
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA5FFCCFCECF62EFCA9F7C7" box="[788,838,2057,2083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
., 2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA6FFCFFF45FEBBFE19FE88" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA6FFCFFF45FEBBFE19FE88" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFF45FEBBFF12FF5C" box="[189,253,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Notes</emphasis>
: The World Checklist of
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA6FFCFFDEBFEBAFC7AFF5C" authority="(Govaerts et al., 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Govaerts" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[531,917,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Cyperaceae (Govaerts
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFCE8FEBBFCAFFF5C" box="[784,832,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
., 2019)
</taxonomicName>
included the
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA6FFCFFBD1FEBAFB0FFF5C" box="[1065,1248,158,184]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
in the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA6FFCFFF52FEE7FEA5FF38" box="[170,330,194,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firmula">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFF52FEE7FEA5FF38" box="[170,330,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Carex firmula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of a report in a manual of Costa Rican plants (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81DADFFFA6FFCFFBEAFEE6FAE9FF38" author="Hammel, B. E. &amp; Grayum, M. H. &amp; Herrera, C. &amp; Zamora, N. &amp; Volumen II" box="[1042,1286,194,221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" refId="ref9640" refString="Hammel, B. E., Grayum, M. H., Herrera, C. &amp; Zamora, N. (eds.) (2003) Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen II. - Missouri Botanical Garden Press." type="book" year="2003">
Hammel
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFB87FEE7FB5BFF38" box="[1151,1204,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
) we found no specimens for this species from the
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA6FFCFFDDBFEC2FD0EFEE4" box="[547,737,230,256]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
. Indeed, Flora del Cono Sur (Flora del Cono Sur, 2019+) does not account that species for the Atlantic archipelago. The closest records for
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA6FFCFFC23FF2FFBA2FEC0" box="[987,1101,266,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firmula">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFC23FF2FFBA2FEC0" box="[987,1101,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">C. firmula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be at the eastern most limit of Tierra del Fuego (
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA6FFCFFE5EFF0AFE3FFEAC" box="[422,464,302,328]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Isla</collectingCountry>
de los Estados;
<bibRefCitation id="EF81DADFFFA6FFCFFD7AFF0AFCC6FEAC" author="Wheeler, G. A." box="[642,809,302,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" pagination="21 - 31" refId="ref11302" refString="Wheeler, G. A. (1994) The Uncinia (Cyperaceae) of Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. Anales Inst. Patagonia, Ci. Nat. 22: 21 - 31." type="journal article" year="1994">Wheeler, 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Further investigation is required to confirm if
<taxonomicName id="4C10DCADFFA6FFCFFAC1FF0BFA44FEAC" box="[1337,1451,302,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firmula">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFAC1FF0BFA44FEAC" box="[1337,1451,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">C. firmula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found on the
<collectingCountry id="F307E7BEFFA6FFCFFECEFF76FE1DFE88" box="[310,498,338,364]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AF4A5FFA6FFCFFF45FF52FB2CFE51" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAFA72EFFA6FFCFFF45FF52FB2CFE51" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9647B3CFFA6FFCFFF45FF52FEF6FE74" box="[189,281,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Ecology</emphasis>
:—Montane rainforest or thickets, on moist soil;
<quantity id="4CE80ACBFFA6FFCFFCCFFF52FC3EFE75" box="[823,977,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3000.0">30004000 m</quantity>
elevation in tropical latitudes, down to sea level in Patagonia and
<collectingRegion id="49D469CCFFA6FFCFFE7FFFBEFDAFFE51" box="[391,576,410,437]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="14" pageNumber="281">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81DADFFFA6FFCFFDB7FFBEFD18FE50" author="Wheeler, G. A." box="[591,759,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" pagination="21 - 31" refId="ref11302" refString="Wheeler, G. A. (1994) The Uncinia (Cyperaceae) of Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. Anales Inst. Patagonia, Ci. Nat. 22: 21 - 31." type="journal article" year="1994">Wheeler, 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF81DADFFFA6FFCFFCFAFFBEFCD2FE50" author="Wheeler, G. A." box="[770,829,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="281" pagination="80 - 84" refId="ref11343" refString="Wheeler, G. A. (1996) First report of Uncinia macrolepis and U. tenuis (Cyperaceae) in Colombia and new Colombian sites for U. paludosa. Rhodora 98 (893): 80 - 84." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
, Wheeler and Goetghebeur, 1996).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>