294 lines
30 KiB
XML
294 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077EEFF17FF14A43E9236FD32" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Topsentia ophiraphidites De Laubenfels 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="186" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698754" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698754" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077EEFF17FF14A43E9236FD32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077EEFF17FF14A43E9236FD32" lastPageId="187" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection pageId="185" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="185.[151,728,1877,1937]" box="[151,728,1877,1903]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,728,1877,1903]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="De Laubenfels, 1934" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,728,1877,1903]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,728,1877,1903]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,448,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Topsentia ophiraphidites</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="De" box="[464,720,1877,1903]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican Deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">De Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="185.[151,728,1877,1937]" box="[151,322,1912,1937]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<figureCitation box="[151,282,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Figures 117</figureCitation>
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a–e
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="185.[151,373,1979,2001]" lastBlockId="186.[151,1120,152,205]" lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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Restricted synonymy:
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<taxonomicName authority="De Laubenfels, 1934: 13" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,613,152,174]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Files" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<emphasis box="[151,354,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Ƒiles ophiraphidites</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="De" box="[360,576,152,174]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican Deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">De Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1120,152,205]" box="[151,1120,182,205]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1120,182,205]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,403,182,205]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<emphasis box="[151,403,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Topsentia ophiraphidites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Diaz" box="[416,631,182,205]" page="290" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[416,581,182,205]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. & Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Díaz
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<emphasis box="[470,521,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
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1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 290
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 6, 12 (with further synonyms and records).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" targetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" targetPageId="186">
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1190,1274]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,300,1190,1212]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 117.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="De Laubenfels, 1934" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1934" box="[306,796,1190,1212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<taxonomicName box="[306,558,1190,1212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<taxonomicName box="[306,404,1191,1212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[306,404,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Topsentia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="De Laubenfels, 1934" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1934" box="[410,558,1190,1212]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
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<emphasis box="[410,558,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">ophiraphidites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</taxonomicName>
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(De Laubenfels, 1934)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726553" collectingDate="1966-05-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="68" latitude="7.26" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.6667" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1318,1343]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[401,485,1319,1342]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9303,
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<collectingCountry box="[628,738,1318,1343]" name="Suriname" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘
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<collectorName box="[759,965,1318,1343]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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’
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<collectingCountry box="[982,1069,1319,1343]" name="Guyana" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station G56,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,231,1354,1379]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" precision="555" value="7.26">7.26°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[240,369,1354,1379]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="-56.6667">56.6667°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[454,557,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">
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<elevation box="[454,557,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">67–68 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, Agassiz trawl,
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<date box="[743,899,1354,1379]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1966-05-10">
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<collectingDate box="[743,899,1354,1379]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1966-05-10">10 May 1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726558" collectingDate="1970-08-24" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Suriname" elevation="117" latitude="7.1667" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-53.5833" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode box="[913,997,1355,1378]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9771, 9827,
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<collectingCountry box="[1204,1314,1354,1379]" name="Suriname" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[151,238,1391,1415]" name="Guyana" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 1,
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<geoCoordinate box="[559,668,1390,1415]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="7.1667">7.1667°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[674,803,1390,1415]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="-53.5833">53.5833°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[884,1013,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="117.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="104.0">
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<elevation box="[884,1013,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="117.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="104.0">104–130 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom sandy calcarenite,
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<date pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1970-08-24">
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<collectingDate pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1970-08-24">24 August 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1462,1487]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Description.</emphasis>
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Fistular fragments (
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<figureCitation box="[591,693,1462,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
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a), which presumably represent the tops of larger masses that remained uncollected, and one small globular sponge with cut-off projection (
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<figureCitation box="[1025,1124,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
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a1). The fragments are up to
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<quantity box="[151,228,1534,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity box="[301,385,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
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at their base,
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<quantity box="[545,601,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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at their apices, the globular sponge is
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<quantity box="[1040,1117,1534,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
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diameter and high, with the projection
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<quantity box="[271,348,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. The sponge samples are rather divergent in shape, but spiculation is identical. Color (in alcohol) pale yellowish beige to dark brown. Consistency firm, rough to the touch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1642,1667]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Largely confused mass of spicules, with vague tracts of the larger spicules running perpendicularly to the surface. Smaller spicules are more frequent at the surface.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" box="[199,606,1714,1739]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1714,1739]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Spicules.</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation box="[319,416,1714,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Figs 117</figureCitation>
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b–e) Oxeas only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Oxeas, usually straight or slightly curved, intermediate and smaller oxeas occasionally angularly curved or crooked, in a wide range of shapes and sizes, divisible in overlapping size ranges, (1) large and fat (
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<figureCitation box="[1273,1376,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Figs 117</figureCitation>
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b,b1), fusiform,
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||
<date box="[265,391,1822,1847]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1050" valueMax="1348">1050–1348</date>
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||
<date box="[402,455,1822,1847]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1934-10">x 34</date>
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–63 µm, (2) intermediate (
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<figureCitation box="[765,873,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Figs 117</figureCitation>
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c,c1), with gradually tapering sharp points, some crooked forms occur, 546–858
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<date box="[503,595,1858,1883]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="2016-10-26">x 16–26</date>
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µm, and (3) small (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[819,915,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
|
||
d), likewise with sharp points, including a few crooked forms (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[329,425,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@186.[151,1436,254,1169]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 117. Topsentia ophiraphidites (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9827 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9303 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, middle-sized oxea, c 1, details of c, d, small oxea, e, crooked middle-sized oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273067/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
|
||
e), 295–452
|
||
<date box="[563,640,1895,1919]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="2010-10-07">x 7–10</date>
|
||
µm; overall oxea size 295–
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,992,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">837</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[1007,1104,1895,1919]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" value="1348-10-07">1348 x 7</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1118,1167,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">28.7</emphasis>
|
||
–63 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,507,1930,1955]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[518,605,1931,1955]" name="Guyana" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, Greater Caribbean, NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[970,1041,1930,1955]" name="Brazil" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in a wide depth range,
|
||
<quantity box="[1333,1436,1931,1955]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="65.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="1.0">1–130 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[158,247,1967,1991]" name="Guyana" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf
|
||
<quantity box="[320,437,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="98.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="67.0">67–130 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="187" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="186.[151,1436,1318,2027]" lastBlockId="187.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="187" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,2002,2027]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The identification is made on the basis of the key to the Central West Atlantic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1328,1436,2003,2026]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Topsentia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[363,568,151,176]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. & Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article">
|
||
Díaz
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,481,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The present material matches their treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1318,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1318,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">T. ophiraphidites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely in spiculation and skeletal structure. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[692,883,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ophiraphidites">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,883,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">T. ophiraphidites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to possess fistular outgrowths and are diverse in size and shape. The depth range of the species, previously known down to
|
||
<quantity box="[1167,1230,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
|
||
, is extended here considerably down to
|
||
<quantity box="[399,473,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Two other recognizably described species are present in the region,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[951,1111,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">T. bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. & Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">Díaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is shaped differently and its spicules do not exceed 800 µm in length, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudoporrecta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1367,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">T. pseudoporrecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. & Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">Díaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has coarser texture and spicules up to 1800 µm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
The WPD lists
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[380,792,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Pellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profunditatis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[380,614,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Pellina profunditatis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" box="[625,792,404,429]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity box="[867,941,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.32" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="532.0">532 m</quantity>
|
||
off Florida as a
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1140,1248,405,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1140,1248,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Topsentia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The encrusting sponge apparently had a skeleton of oxeas of very variable size, the thickness given as 6–77 µm. This is insufficient to characterize the species. Type material consists of a slide in the BMNH collection, 1870.5.3.102 (source
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez" box="[151,582,511,536]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. & Stone, S. M. (1992) O. Schmidt sponge catalogue. An illustrated guide to the Graz Museum Collection, with notes on additional material. Musum d'Histoire naturelle, Genve, 190 pp." type="book" year="1992">Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 54) and a 70% alcohol specimen in the MCZ collection, reg.nr. PORb- 122. Neither was recently redescribed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726563" collectionCode="ICZN" country="Bahamas" location="Gammill" municipality="He" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gammill" box="[199,379,583,608]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Gammill, E. (1997) Identification of coral reef sponges. Providence Marine Pub. Inc., Tampa, FL, USA, 117 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077EEFF17FF14A43E9236FD32:8EDEE7DD77ECFF17FF44A12C9156FDFA" box="[199,299,583,608]" country="Bahamas" municipality="He" name="Gammill" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Gammill</location>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
uses
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[440,656,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[440,656,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Topsentia amorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a name for a sponge from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[983,1129,583,608]" name="Bahamas" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1139,1172,584,607]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">He</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
ignored the rules of the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[151,216,620,644]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
by not indicating and keeping
|
||
<typeStatus box="[560,608,621,645]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and his description is unrecognizable. The name is a clear
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
and through that is unavailable.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |