367 lines
31 KiB
XML
367 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173934" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7ce9dca-1d2b-4aad-8471-7ea2c177da53" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5173934" checkinTime="1628020781633" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Usinger, Robert L." docDate="1946" docId="EC6DA359F5323F2D4B42ECEDFCC6C85A" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectsOfGuamII.189.11-103.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 189" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5.1:InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleId="A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5" docStyleName="InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Gallobelicus tenuis" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="1054DB21F50C3F6D4A60EF68FFE4C168" masterDocTitle="Hemiptera Heteroptera of Guam" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1671328415344" updateUser="annettekang">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Hemiptera Heteroptera of Guam</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Usinger, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:dateIssued>1946</mods:dateIssued>
|
|
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1946-12-20</mods:dateOther>
|
|
<mods:publisher>Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 189</mods:publisher>
|
|
<mods:place>
|
|
<mods:placeTerm>Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:placeTerm>
|
|
</mods:place>
|
|
</mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Insects of Guam II</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173934</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e7ce9dca-1d2b-4aad-8471-7ea2c177da53</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5173934</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5196242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184601153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5196242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC6DA359F5323F2D4B42ECEDFCC6C85A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC6DA359F5323F2D4B42ECEDFCC6C85A" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<subSubSection box="[290,1152,901,941]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="62.[289,1687,901,1301]" box="[290,1152,901,941]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<heading box="[290,1152,901,941]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" reason="4">
|
|
69.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Reuter)" baseAuthorityName="Reuter" box="[363,882,901,941]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Gallobelicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">Gallobelicus tenuis (Reuter)</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation box="[918,1036,901,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="62.[355,465,1708,1744]" captionTargetBox="[622,1365,1310,1672]" captionText="FIGURE 18.-Gallobelicus timuis: a, posterior ventral view of last abdominal segment of male showing long truncate projection and shorter tapering projection; b, posterior ventral view of left clasper of male showing short basal portion, abrupt elbow and long slender bladelike portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5173970/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis box="[1059,1088,901,941]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">a,</emphasis>
|
|
b).
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection box="[353,1292,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="62.[289,1687,901,1301]" box="[353,1292,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<bibCitation author="Reuter" box="[353,1292,949,992]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. d'Ent" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" pagination="139" part="14" refId="ref32993" type="journal article" year="1895">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[353,1287,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<treatmentCitation author="Reuter" box="[353,1287,949,992]" page="139" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" year="1895">
|
|
<emphasis box="[353,666,949,992]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Cyrtopeltis tenuis</emphasis>
|
|
<author box="[681,804,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Reuter</author>
|
|
,
|
|
<journalOrPublisher box="[827,1024,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Rev. d'Ent</journalOrPublisher>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1047,1103,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<part box="[1047,1097,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="volume">14</part>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<pagination box="[1119,1180,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="pagination">139</pagination>
|
|
,
|
|
<year box="[1205,1287,949,992]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">1895</year>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
.
|
|
</bibCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="62.[289,1687,901,1301]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" box="[352,873,1002,1044]" country="Guam" location="Guam" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">One specimen, Piti, May 1;</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" country="Guam" location="Guam" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[898,1135,1002,1044]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
, Piti, May 10, all on tomato, Usinger;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" box="[463,1301,1053,1095]" country="Guam" location="Guam" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[463,700,1053,1095]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
, Agana Swamp, May 4, Usinger;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" country="Guam" location="Guam" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[1315,1571,1053,1095]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
, Talofofo, Nov. 18, Swezey;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" box="[722,1432,1104,1147]" country="Guam" location="Guam" municipality="Zimmerman" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[722,959,1104,1147]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[980,1088,1104,1147]" name="Guam" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Fullaway (1196); TODO
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" country="Guam" location="Guam" municipality="Zimmerman" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[1451,1680,1104,1147]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
, Machanao, June 30,
|
|
<collectedFrom box="[658,1063,1155,1198]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Usinger" authorityName="Usinger" box="[715,1063,1155,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[715,896,1155,1198]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Nicotiana,</emphasis>
|
|
Usinger
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</collectedFrom>
|
|
;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336136323" country="Guam" location="Guam" municipality="Zimmerman" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="13">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[1087,1323,1155,1198]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC6DA359F5323F2D4B42ECEDFCC6C85A:611B4494F5323F534F22EBEBF9CFC5C6" box="[1346,1579,1155,1198]" country="Samoa" municipality="Zimmerman" name="Fonte Valley" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Fonte Valley</location>
|
|
, Aug. 7, on weeds, Swezey.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Swezey and
|
|
<collectingMunicipality box="[948,1162,1207,1248]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Zimmerman</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
took specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1531,1634,1207,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1531,1634,1207,1248]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">tenuis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[289,411,1259,1301]" name="Samoa" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5173970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5173970/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" startId="62.[355,465,1708,1744]" targetBox="[622,1365,1310,1672]" targetPageId="62">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="62.[289,1689,1708,1859]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
FIGURE
|
|
<emphasis box="[478,849,1708,1744]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
18.-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1904" box="[528,735,1708,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Gallobelicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gallobelicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
timuis:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
a, posterior ventral view of last abdominal segment of male showing long truncate projection and shorter tapering projection; b, posterior ventral view of left clasper of male showing short basal portion, abrupt elbow and long slender bladelike portion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="62.[288,1688,1903,2461]" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">
|
|
Few species of insects are in a more confused state both taxonomically and nomenclatorially than the dicyphine pests of tobacco and tomato. Their small size and superficial similarity have contributed to this but do not excuse the situation, for the male terminalia exhibit striking differences which are specifically distinct and point the way to a sound generic classification. The literature on the subject was summarized by
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[928,1032,2160,2202]" name="China" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XI, 1: 604-
|
|
<emphasis box="[288,359,2212,2254]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">607,</emphasis>
|
|
1938) although Kirkaldy's description of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[1099,1294,2212,2254]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1099,1294,2212,2254]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Cyrtopeltis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(?)
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Koningsberger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1383,1558,2212,2254]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1383,1558,2212,2254]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">nicotianae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Linn. Soc. N. S.
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[496,609,2261,2307]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Proc. 33: 377, 1908), Froggatt's description of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Froggatt" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Dicyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Dicyphus tabaci</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Agric. Gaz. N. S.
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[771,881,2314,2357]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
|
31: 715, 1920), and Knight's discussion of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[505,697,2365,2409]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[505,697,2365,2409]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="73">Cyrtopeltis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Bull. 17:65-67, 1922) were omitted.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="63.[436,1835,371,1341]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[502,606,371,413]" name="China" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
concluded that
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Koningsberger" authorityName="Koningsberger" box="[891,1348,371,413]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[891,1066,371,413]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nicotianae</emphasis>
|
|
Koningsberger
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[1371,1724,371,413]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Felisacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1371,1577,371,413]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
|
Distant
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">javanus</emphasis>
|
|
Poppius, and
|
|
<emphasis box="[760,893,423,466]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nocivus</emphasis>
|
|
Fulmek were all synonyms of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" box="[1453,1694,423,466]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1453,1556,423,466]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">tenuis</emphasis>
|
|
Reuter
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, stating that Fulmek's figures of the left genital claspers of different species (Deli Proefstation, Bull.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[789,846,526,569]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">25:</emphasis>
|
|
4, 1925) were not of the same organ but of different parts of the same insect. To quote
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1095,1199,578,621]" name="China" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
further, "Judging by the shape of the
|
|
<emphasis box="[510,696,631,672]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">Haftzange</emphasis>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[762,939,631,672]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[762,939,631,672]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nicotianae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
it appears to be a broken portion of the inferior lateral margin of the pygophor (ninth abdominal segment) viewed from the left side of the pygophor but with the drawing actually reversed."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="63.[436,1835,371,1341]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">
|
|
In the case of
|
|
<emphasis box="[769,902,785,826]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nocivus</emphasis>
|
|
he figured the actual paramere, calling it again the
|
|
<emphasis box="[438,774,836,878]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">"Zinke Haftzange."</emphasis>
|
|
Careful comparison of Fulmek's figures with the two species which I found on tobacco on
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1056,1161,887,930]" name="Guam" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
|
reveals that Fulmek was correct, his drawings actually being of homologous structures of two distinct species. The left clasper of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[696,871,992,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[696,871,992,1033]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nicotianae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is truly an amazing structure and corresponds, except for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Usinger" authorityYear="1946" box="[510,614,1042,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Physoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
|
details in structure of the apex of the broad lobe, with my
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1729,1834,1042,1084]" name="Guam" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
|
specimens. The last abdominal segment also differs strikingly in the two species,
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[593,768,1145,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[593,768,1145,1190]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nicotianae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
having a bifurcate posterior process suggestive of the American tobacco bug,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1876" box="[863,1395,1195,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[863,1259,1195,1237]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">Engytatus geniculatus</emphasis>
|
|
Reuter
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1430,1552,1195,1237]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="63.[504,612,1923,1961]" captionTargetBox="[691,1586,1403,1868]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 19.-Engytatiis geniculatiis: a, posterior ventral view of last abdominal segment of male showing two curved arms; b, posterior dorsal view of left clasper of male showing stout basal portion, abrupt elbow and bladelike apical portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5173972/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis box="[1577,1604,1195,1237]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">a,</emphasis>
|
|
b), whereas
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[438,541,1246,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[438,541,1246,1289]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">tenuis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(=
|
|
<emphasis box="[633,765,1246,1289]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">nocivus</emphasis>
|
|
Fulmek) has a simple main posterior process (see China's excellent figure of a cotype).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5173972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5173972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5173972/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" startId="63.[504,612,1923,1961]" targetBox="[691,1586,1403,1868]" targetPageId="63">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="63.[438,1835,1923,2037]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">
|
|
FIGURE
|
|
<emphasis box="[635,1066,1923,1961]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">19.-Engytatiis geniculatiis:</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1100,1125,1923,1961]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">a,</emphasis>
|
|
posterior ventral view of last abdominal segment of male showing two curved arms;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1190,1962,2000]" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">b,</emphasis>
|
|
posterior dorsal view of left clasper of male showing stout basal portion, abrupt elbow and bladelike apical portion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="63.[437,1835,2115,2525]" lastBlockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">
|
|
The generic classification of the
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1080,1278,2115,2157]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicyphinae">Dicyphinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
has long been confused so that Reuter, Poppius, and Horvath as well as other, lesser, authorities changed species from one genus to another with no apparent reason, only to change them back again. Knight has lumped many of these into the genus
|
|
<emphasis box="[1593,1794,2274,2318]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="74">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[1593,1788,2274,2318]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtopeltis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
a practice which is at least consistent though making it almost impossible to use his keys to the genera. In this work I have concluded that the male terminalia provide us with the only sound basis for a generic classification of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicyphinae">Dicyphinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Reluctance to base a higher classification upon characters of one sex is understandable but this practice has been found necessary in other groups (scale insects and Lepidoptera) and seems justifiable in the
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1354,1552,356,398]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicyphinae">Dicyphinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
considering the hopeless confusion that has resulted from attempts to classify these bugs on the basis of such superficialities as size of eyes or color of head and pronotum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
The following characters will suffice to distinguish the questionable Dicyphine genera in so far as my material is concerned. Modifications will undoubtedly be necessary when further material is examined. I have not seen the
|
|
<typeStatus box="[359,449,725,765]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">types</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[517,685,725,765]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Dicyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[517,685,725,765]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Dicyphus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[776,1015,725,765]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[776,1010,725,765]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Macrolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Fieber" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[352,652,783,825]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Dicyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[352,519,783,825]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Dicyphus</emphasis>
|
|
Fieber
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[688,768,783,825]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Herrich Schaeffer" authorityName="Herrich Schaeffer" box="[787,1286,783,825]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plociomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[787,923,783,825]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">pallidus</emphasis>
|
|
Herrich Schaeffer
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Left genital clasper thickened at base, bent at middle, and tapering to acute apex. Last abdominal segment not produced into long spines, knobs, or processes. Pronotum more or less constricted at middle and eyes relatively large.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Fieber" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[351,711,997,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Macrolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[351,583,997,1039]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Macrolophus</emphasis>
|
|
Fieber
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[744,822,997,1039]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
<emphasis box="[839,967,997,1039]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">nubilus</emphasis>
|
|
Fieber). Left genital clasper thickened at base, bent near middle, and flattened into a broad but apically tapering blade. Last abdominal segment not produced into long spines, knobs or processes. Eyes relatively small.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Fieber" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[354,684,1210,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[354,548,1210,1253]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Cyrtopeltis</emphasis>
|
|
Fieber
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[726,804,1210,1253]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
<emphasis box="[828,1006,1210,1253]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">geniculata</emphasis>
|
|
Fieber). Left genital clasper as in
|
|
<emphasis box="[288,528,1263,1304]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[288,523,1263,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Macrolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Last abdominal segment roundly produced as a short, broad, upturned lobe posteriorly and with a prominent rounded knob on the left side of the segment. Eyes relatively large. This is apparently monotypic.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" box="[352,675,1425,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[352,534,1425,1467]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Engytatus</emphasis>
|
|
Reuter
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[716,795,1425,1467]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1876" box="[817,1170,1425,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[817,1014,1425,1467]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">geniculatus</emphasis>
|
|
Reuter
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Left genital clasper as in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1858" box="[288,520,1479,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Macrolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[288,520,1479,1520]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Macrolophus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or with the thickened basal portion much enlarged and extending beyond the point of origin of the bladelike arm (as in
|
|
<emphasis box="[1363,1571,1533,1574]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1363,1554,1533,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">nicotianae</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Last abdominal segment more or less strongly produced ventrally into an upturned process which branches into two arms apically. Eyes variable in size.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1539,1686,1637,1679]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Confusa</emphasis>
|
|
Perkins and
|
|
<emphasis box="[520,720,1689,1730]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
|
Kirkaldy belong here.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1876" box="[1150,1488,1689,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1150,1354,1689,1730]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Geniculatus</emphasis>
|
|
Reuter
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was a secondary homonym in
|
|
<emphasis box="[674,876,1740,1781]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1860" box="[674,870,1740,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtopeltis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
where Reuter and Knight placed it. Hepce the name of the next oldest synonym,
|
|
<emphasis box="[967,1094,1791,1832]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">varians</emphasis>
|
|
Distant, was used. According to the Banks and Caudell Code and the recommendations of the British Commission on Entomological Nomenclature, the name
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1876" box="[1221,1420,1893,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Engytatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1221,1420,1893,1933]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">geniculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may now be restored but the International Code is not so clear on this point.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="64.[287,1689,305,2354]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<emphasis box="[353,562,2004,2045]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">Gallobelieus</emphasis>
|
|
Distant (
|
|
<typeStatus box="[758,837,2004,2045]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[864,1245,2004,2045]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Felisacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[864,1068,2004,2045]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
|
Distant
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" box="[1272,1553,2004,2045]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">tenuis Reuter</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Left genital clasper abruptly elbowed and typically with the apical arm very long and tapering. Last abdominal segment produced ventrally into a more or less prominent, unbranched arm and with a second projection near base of clasper at least in the
|
|
<typeStatus box="[554,629,2210,2250]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species. I have collected another species of this genus on Luzon, and Knight's Marquesan species (B. P. Bishop Mus., Bull.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1522,1578,2260,2302]" pageId="64" pageNumber="75">142:</emphasis>
|
|
173- 177, 1938) may belong here.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |