111 lines
12 KiB
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111 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document id="A999671EC6AA759BE7D3B203BCBA6C56" ID-CLB-Dataset="3681" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2005)483[0001:AAAACF]2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0912529-3de7-4704-92b2-7714623d8222" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735171" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620068430804" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="WANG, XIAOMING, McKENNA, MALCOLM C. & DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN" docDate="2005" docId="03F85E56FFE8E85EFC98FAC7464C6F22" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2005.3483.1-57.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3483" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29483%5B0001%3AAAAACF%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amphicynodon Filhol 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFC1262EFFF2E845FFB8FF99442D6B47" masterDocTitle="Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698938162769" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="163AED8AFDF2A4D49A3AE546E19C1BC3">Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FC00F0D74877DF0050170008344224D">WANG, XIAOMING</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="346EFCAF45C0B507C592D2BAA4525479">McKENNA, MALCOLM C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC807D810549644DF6B473F21E4CA238">DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A373F9B80535C3D452380C5520001D08">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F7678F8B8FCA729B36F7C8796DBF3CFD">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1076BAD73647F7805607EDCBA7FAB218">3483</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F85E56FFE8E85EFC98FAC7464C6F22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5637261" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190002704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5637261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F85E56FFE8E85EFC98FAC7464C6F22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F85E56FFE8E85EFC98FAC7464C6F22" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFE8E85FFC98FAC740456E32" box="[800,1128,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE8E85FFC98FAC740456E32" blockId="26.[800,1128,1374,1397]" box="[800,1128,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0A6582CFFE8E85FFC98FAC740456E32" box="[800,1128,1374,1397]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC98FAC740456E32" authority="Filhol, 1881" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" box="[800,1128,1374,1397]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC98FAC747E36E32" box="[800,974,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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Filhol, 1881
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFE8E85EFD61FA08464C6F22" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE8E85EFD61FA0845EE6A0A" blockId="26.[700,1229,1425,1741]" lastBlockId="27.[123,652,193,1125]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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COMMENT: Cirot and Bonis (1992) recently revised the taxonomy of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBCFFA3647336EA4" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBCFFA3647336EA4" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and furnished a cladistic relationship for included species. However, their diagnosis of the genus is almost entirely based on primitive characters (Cirot and Bonis, 1992: 105): ‘‘arctoide primitive; crâne alongé et bas, bulle ossifiée, fosse supraméatale superficielle, canal de l’alisphénoide present,’’ which essentially describe the morphotypical condition for a basal arctoid but shed no light of whether or not the genus forms a natural clade. As such the concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFE65FF4646A66BB1" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" box="[477,651,223,246]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFE65FF4646A66BB1" box="[477,651,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remains a grade of small, primitive arctoids that are not easily placed in other genera of carnivorans of similar ages.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE9E85EFF20FECD464C6F22" blockId="27.[123,652,193,1125]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Ten species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFEE2FECD46256A2C" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" box="[346,520,340,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFEE2FECD46256A2C" box="[346,520,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were recognized by Cirot and Bonis (1992; see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFE9E85EFDEEFEE845A76AE2" author="Baskin, J. A. & R. H. Tedford" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="486 - 497" refId="ref30396" refString="Baskin, J. A., and R. H. Tedford. 1996. Small arctoid and feliform carnivorans. In D. R. Prothero, and R. J. Emry (editors), The terrestrial Eocene - Oligocene transition in North America, Pt. II: Common vertebrates of the White River chronofauna: 486 - 497. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="1996">Baskin and Tedford, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, for a possible North American species). With the exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFDCAFE3544F26AA7" baseAuthorityName="Matthew and Granger" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teilhardi">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFDCAFE3544F26AA7" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. teilhardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFEA0FE5045FC6AA7" box="[280,465,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongoliensis">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFEA0FE5045FC6AA7" box="[280,465,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. mongoliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see below), all are from Europe and most are produced from the classic Quercy fissure fills. As defined by Cirot and Bonis, their concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFDA4FDB844E96911" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFDA4FDB844E96911" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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offers a measure of morphological consistency, despite primitive status of most of their features. The limited scope of their phylogenetic analysis (within the genus), however, does not permit a sense of overall relationships among basal arctoids, nor does it address the question of to what extent the genus might be paraphyletic, given that certain derived forms (such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFE58FCB046A66807" box="[480,651,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFE58FCB046A66807" box="[480,651,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFF00FCDE45606819" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[184,333,839,862]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFF00FCDE45606819" box="[184,333,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cephalogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) may have arisen from within the genus. Such questions are difficult to address because most of the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE9E85EFFC3FC06450468F1" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1881" box="[123,297,927,950]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFE9E85EFFC3FC06450468F1" box="[123,297,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are still represented by fragmentary jaws and teeth only. A comprehensive analysis of basal arctoids at the species level is not feasible. Our Mongolian materials, though significantly improved over those available for previous studies, are still not as complete as their European counterparts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |