904 lines
122 KiB
XML
904 lines
122 KiB
XML
<document id="8FB3C3EC43864240DAB55E114C51DE7A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54ffbcbf-a010-4f44-b7fa-6cae272b7459" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3714012" ID-ZooBank="18B726A5-22FB-4C9B-B719-FCB546DB3818" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584480490379" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boonstra, Harry, Rinne, Aki, Kubiak, Martin & Wiberg-Larsen, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="03F287B7FFD8FFF7FF16FEF4991CFF40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="FFCBFFCFFFDDFFFEFF81FF849D59FFB8" masterDocTitle="Description of the larva of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) with notes on biology and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1698729558832" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FF343D37B5DED77E0B8602FD3FB12081">Description of the larva of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) with notes on biology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="29A864D74E627810708939D403E94074">Boonstra, Harry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E31334CE3BA9FFBA1C4320298BACB42C">Rinne, Aki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F2CB2B339D7948D4982250570AC7979">Kubiak, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DD0DCBF7E60127E9D80A7E8C9A7496D">Wiberg-Larsen, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ECEC466CF5049DD6EE737D89FCFE9FF0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4CB7822DB97866122316062AF242DA40">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D76EAE1981C956A41710FD99E851F44F">2018-11-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B28808B41509975E24626C9D8A12D141">4532</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F287B7FFD8FFF7FF16FEF4991CFF40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717689" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162629411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3717689" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287B7FFD8FFF7FF16FEF4991CFF40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287B7FFD8FFF7FF16FEF4991CFF40" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<subSubSection id="C341652AFFD8FFFBFF16FEF49F32FE32" box="[151,619,368,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFF16FEF49F32FE32" bold="true" box="[151,619,368,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Description of the fifth instar larva of</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C341652AFFD8FFFBFDF2FEEB9ED2FE31" box="[627,907,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFDF2FEEB9ED2FE31" blockId="5.[151,907,367,394]" box="[627,907,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<heading id="D0AC81CDFFD8FFFBFDF2FEEB9ED2FE31" bold="true" box="[627,907,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD8FFFBFDF2FEEB9ED2FE31" ID-CoL="3M8FP" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[627,907,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFDF2FEEB9ED2FE31" bold="true" box="[627,907,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C341652AFFD8FFF8FF16FE329970F95F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFF16FE329EFCFCE3" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFF16FE329D8EFE77" bold="true" box="[151,215,438,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Head</emphasis>
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. Head capsule longer than broad in dorsal view with maximum width of
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<quantity id="4CA39B44FFD8FFFBFB97FE3399E3FE76" box="[1046,1210,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0899999999999999" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="1.0899999999999999" valueMax="1.24" valueMin="0.94">0.94–1.24 mm</quantity>
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(N = 258;
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<tableCitation id="C6D9031AFFD8FFFBFAB9FE3298D2FE77" box="[1336,1419,438,463]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1298,1321]" captionText="TABLE 1. Head capsule width (mm) of Holocentropus insignis larvae from the Stensbaek Plantation, shallow pool (SP), Denmark and the Netherlands (NL), indicating range, mean, and number (N) of measured specimens." pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Dorsal and lateral sides with smoky muscle attachment spots (
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<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFCD6FE5E9E9AFE4B" box="[855,963,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal side with striking colour pattern, with dark bands of pigment alongside frontoclypeal suture and coronal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFBBFFE7A99DEFDAF" box="[1086,1159,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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||
). Pale median stripe of frontoclypeus lacking pigment from posterior to anterior part. No light areas alongside constriction of frontoclypeus. Dark stripes of frontoclypeus at its immediate point of constriction clearly darker than other pigment on head. Parietals with light areas around eyes. Ventral side light in colour, with smoky muscle attachment spots on posterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFEBAFD0A9CD9FD1F" box="[315,384,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Submental sclerites present and fused. Labrum light brown, with lighter patch medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFAEEFD0A9DF1FD73" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Left mandible with three teeth on each of dorsal and ventral blades, and sharp apical tooth; central concavity of left mandible with brush of setae near ventral blade. Right mandible with central concavity lacking brush of setae and with only two teeth on dorsal blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFDEFFD7E9FEDFCAB" box="[622,692,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
). Shape of prelabio-hypopharyngeal lobe elongate and tapered to apex, basal portion of dorsal surface of lobe and ventral surface sclerotised, prementum not distinguishable. Labial palpi present and appressed to sides of prelabio-hypopharyngeal lobe.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFF46FCE29C56FB5F" blockId="5.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFF46FCE29C79FCC7" bold="true" box="[199,288,870,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotum distinctly brown, contrasting with lighter background. Light brown spots dispersed over pronotum. Pronotal hind angles extending ventrally and coming into contact on sternum behind procoxae. Meso- and metanota membranous and with primary setae only. Shape of foretrochantins acute and elongate, each fused with its episternum and without suture (
|
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<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFC4EFC56994FFC53" box="[975,1046,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and distal margins of all coxae black. Proximal margins of first pair of legs black; second and third legs brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFBFCFC72999AFBB7" box="[1149,1219,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsi of first legs about as long as tibiae; brown-yellow compared to lighter tibiae, femora, trochanters, and coxae; each with short fringe of ventral setae. Tarsi of second and third legs about as long as tibiae; colour same as rest of legs; lacking fringes, but each with distal crown of feathered setae ventrally. All legs with numerous setae on coxae, trochanters, and femora; tibiae and tarsi with only small numbers of setae. Additional setae present on anterior faces of all femora. Claw of each leg with basoventral spine (
|
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<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFD44FB2E9E53FB7B" box="[709,778,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length ratios of first, second, and third legs on each side 1:1.2:1.34.
|
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF246629FFD8FFFBFF16FA969988FAF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFF16FA969988FAF1" blockId="5.[151,1435,1297,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFF16FA969C50FA91" bold="true" box="[151,265,1298,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule width (mm) of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD8FFFBFDC7FA959E64FA91" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[582,829,1297,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFDC7FA959E64FA91" box="[582,829,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae from the Stensbaek Plantation, shallow pool (SP), Denmark and the Netherlands (NL), indicating range, mean, and number (N) of measured specimens.
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFF1EFAE299BEF9CB" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<table id="F95BC401FFD80001FF1EFAE19877F9CB" box="[159,1326,1381,1651]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EFAE19877FAC3" box="[159,1326,1381,1403]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EFAE19C41FAC3" box="[159,280,1381,1403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Instar</th>
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4FAE19C8FFAC3" box="[373,470,1381,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">1</th>
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBFAE19FF5FAC3" box="[586,684,1381,1403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">2</th>
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0FAE19EDBFAC3" box="[801,898,1381,1403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">3</th>
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76FAE19901FAC3" box="[1015,1112,1381,1403]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">4</th>
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CFAE19877FAC3" box="[1229,1326,1381,1403]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">5</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EFA0A9877FA1C" box="[159,1326,1422,1444]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
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<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EFA0A9C41FA1C" box="[159,280,1422,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Range (SP)</th>
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<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4FA0A9C8FFA1C" box="[373,470,1422,1444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.21-0.26</td>
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<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBFA0A9FF5FA1C" box="[586,684,1422,1444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.30-0.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0FA0A9EDBFA1C" box="[801,898,1422,1444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.40-0.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76FA0A9901FA1C" box="[1015,1112,1422,1444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.64-0.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CFA0A9877FA1C" box="[1229,1326,1422,1444]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.96-1.24</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EFA3C9877FA76" box="[159,1326,1464,1486]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EFA3C9C41FA76" box="[159,280,1464,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Mean (SP)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4FA3C9C8FFA76" box="[373,470,1464,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBFA3C9FF5FA76" box="[586,684,1464,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0FA3C9EDBFA76" box="[801,898,1464,1486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.49</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76FA3C9901FA76" box="[1015,1112,1464,1486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.73</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CFA3C9877FA76" box="[1229,1326,1464,1486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">1.09</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EFA659877FA4F" box="[159,1326,1505,1527]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EFA659C41FA4F" box="[159,280,1505,1527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">N (SP)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4FA659C8FFA4F" box="[373,470,1505,1527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">28</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBFA659FF5FA4F" box="[586,684,1505,1527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">230</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0FA659EDBFA4F" box="[801,898,1505,1527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">927</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76FA659901FA4F" box="[1015,1112,1505,1527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">390</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CFA659877FA4F" box="[1229,1326,1505,1527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">240</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EF98E9877F998" box="[159,1326,1546,1568]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EF98E9C41F998" box="[159,280,1546,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Range (NL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4F98E9C8FF998" box="[373,470,1546,1568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBF98E9FF5F998" box="[586,684,1546,1568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.30-0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0F98E9EDBF998" box="[801,898,1546,1568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.50-0.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76F98E9901F998" box="[1015,1112,1546,1568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.70-0.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CF98E9877F998" box="[1229,1326,1546,1568]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.94-1.16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EF9B09877F9F2" box="[159,1326,1588,1610]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EF9B09C41F9F2" box="[159,280,1588,1610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Mean (NL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4F9B09C8FF9F2" box="[373,470,1588,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBF9B09FF5F9F2" box="[586,684,1588,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.32</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0F9B09EDBF9F2" box="[801,898,1588,1610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.52</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76F9B09901F9F2" box="[1015,1112,1588,1610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">0.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CF9B09877F9F2" box="[1229,1326,1588,1610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">1.06</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD80001FF1EF9D99877F9CB" box="[159,1326,1629,1651]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FF1EF9D99C41F9CB" box="[159,280,1629,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">N(NL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FEF4F9D99C8FF9CB" box="[373,470,1629,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FDCBF9D99FF5F9CB" box="[586,684,1629,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FCA0F9D99EDBF9CB" box="[801,898,1629,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FC76F9D99901F9CB" box="[1015,1112,1629,1651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD80001FB4CF9D99877F9CB" box="[1229,1326,1629,1651]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD8FFFBFF46F930981FF838" blockId="5.[151,1436,1716,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD8FFFBFF46F9309C65F975" bold="true" box="[199,316,1716,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Terga and sterna of abdomen similar in colour. Each side of segments II–VIII with lateral fringe of setae, but on segment IX only one lateral seta present. Terga I–IV and IX each bearing one pair of submesal setae, terga V–VIII each with two pairs of submesal setae. Pair of submesal setae inserted on each of sterna I–VIII, but two pairs on segment IX. Basal segment of each anal proleg longer than distal segment; basal segment lacking secondary setae; anal claw curved at right angle, without blunt teeth on inner margin, and without dorsal accessory spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFF60F8E39C7CF838" box="[225,293,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); membrane (joint) of anal proleg and claw with distinct dark X-figure in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD8FFFBFB75F8E39861F838" box="[1268,1336,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF246629FFDBFFF8FF16FBE49879FB2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" startId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" targetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FBE49879FB2D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1120,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FF16FBE49C0CFBCE" bold="true" box="[151,341,1120,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">FIGURES 10–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FEDCFBE59CABFBCF" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1878" box="[349,498,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FEDCFBE59CABFBCF" box="[349,498,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. heads.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FDF5FBE59FD4FBCE" bold="true" box="[628,653,1121,1142]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">10</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FD1DFBE5997DFBCF" authority="(Rambur 1842)" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[668,1060,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FD1DFBE59E24FBCF" box="[668,893,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus dubius</emphasis>
|
||
(Rambur 1842)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FBFDFBE599CAFBCE" bold="true" box="[1148,1171,1121,1142]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">11</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FB22FBE59C6DFB2D" authority="(Albarda 1874)" authorityName="Albarda" authorityYear="1874" baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FB22FBE598C5FBCF" box="[1187,1436,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Albarda 1874)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FE08FBFB9C90FB2C" bold="true" box="[393,457,1151,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">12–14</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FE54FBFB9EDAFB2D" authority="(Stephens 1836)" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[469,899,1151,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FE54FBFB9F8FFB2E" box="[469,726,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Stephens 1836)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FC58FBFB9EABFB2C" bold="true" box="[985,1010,1151,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">13</emphasis>
|
||
, left dorsolateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FB2DFBFB999CFB2C" bold="true" box="[1196,1221,1151,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">14</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FB3898C5FB6D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1212,1271]" box="[151,1436,1212,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0AC81CDFFDBFFF8FF16FB3898C5FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1212,1237]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FF16FB3898C5FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1212,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Morphological distinction of fifth-instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FC82FB38994CFB6D" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[771,1045,1212,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FC82FB38994CFB6D" bold="true" box="[771,1045,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of other European
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FB5A9C74FB4F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1212,1271]" box="[151,301,1246,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FF16FB5A9C74FB4F" bold="true" box="[151,301,1246,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FF16FB5A9C71FB4F" box="[151,296,1246,1271]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF46FA9B9E8FFAC7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1310,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Larvae of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FE33FA9A9FDDFA8F" box="[434,644,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polycentropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mainly predacious (sometimes filtering) and build various kinds of fixed retreats and associated capture nets. They share the following set of morphological features (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDBFFF8FB73FAC698CEFAE2" author="Lepneva, S. G." box="[1266,1431,1346,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" refId="ref5971" refString="Lepneva, S. G. (1970) Larvae and Pupae of Annulipalpia. Fauna of the U. S. S. R Trichoptera, Fol. II. No 1. Translation from 1964 Russian edition. Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 638 pp." type="book" year="1970">Lepneva 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDBFFF8FF16FAE29CE6FAC7" author="Edington, J. M. & Hildrew, A. G." box="[151,447,1382,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref5647" refString="Edington, J. M. & Hildrew, A. G. (1995) A revised key to the caseless caddis larvae of the British Isles with notes on their ecology. Scientific Publications of the Freshwater Biological Association, 53, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1995">Edington & Hildrew 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wiggins 1998;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDBFFF8FDF6FAE29E93FAC7" author="Chamorro, M. L. & Holzenthal, R. W." box="[631,970,1382,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" pagination="219 - 253" refId="ref5589" refString="Chamorro, M. L. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2011) Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Thrichoptera: Annulipalpia: Psychomyioidae) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters. Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 219 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 10024" type="journal article" year="2011">Chamorro & Holzenthal 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FA2B997FFA7F" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,1062,1454,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- transportable case absent, constructing fixed retreat of silk, variously shaped;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FA579F22FA53" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,635,1490,1515]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- labrum sclerotized, anteriorly rounded;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16FA739955F9B7" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,1036,1526,1551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- labium elongate, extending to anterior margin of head; anterior apex blunt;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F99F9F89F98B" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,720,1562,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- three pairs of legs approximately of same size;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F9BB99DCF9EF" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,1157,1598,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- sclerites of each foretrochantin (episternum + epimeron) fused, anterior apex pointed;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F9E79E1AF9C3" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,835,1634,1659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- pronotum sclerotized, meso- and metanota membranous;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F9039E84F926" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,989,1670,1695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- no gills on abdominal segments I–VIII; anal papillae may be apparent;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F92F9978F97B" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,1057,1706,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- anal prolegs long, flexible; each with basal segment at least as long as distal;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F94B9970F95F" blockId="6.[151,1157,1454,1767]" box="[151,1065,1742,1767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">- anal claws well developed, occasionally with slender dorsal accessory hooks.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFDBFFF9FF16F89299CEFD3C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F892986DF897" blockId="6.[151,1332,1814,1839]" box="[151,1332,1814,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Distinction of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FE2BF8929E4CF897" authority="McLachlan 1878" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1878" box="[426,789,1814,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FE2BF8929F09F896" box="[426,592,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Holocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other genera of family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FBDBF8929869F897" box="[1114,1328,1814,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polycentropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F8DB999FF8CF" blockId="6.[151,1222,1886,2019]" box="[151,1222,1886,1911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
- proximal segment of anal prolegs lacking prominent setation (lacking also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FBABF8DA99ECF8CE" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1864" box="[1066,1205,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Neureclipsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FBABF8DA99ECF8CE" box="[1066,1205,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Neureclipsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F8079909F823" blockId="6.[151,1222,1886,2019]" box="[151,1104,1922,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
- tarsus of each first leg not distinctly shorter than tibia (shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FC1FF8069966F822" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[926,1087,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Polycentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FC1FF8069966F822" box="[926,1087,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Polycentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F82399DDF807" blockId="6.[151,1222,1886,2019]" box="[151,1156,1958,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
- anal proleg claws without blunt teeth on inner margin (blunt teeth present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FBA3F823992AF806" box="[1058,1139,1959,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Cyrnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FBA3F823992AF806" box="[1058,1139,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Cyrnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDBFFF8FF16F84F9EC4F85B" blockId="6.[151,1222,1886,2019]" box="[151,925,1994,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">
|
||
- anal proleg claws not obtusely angled (obtuse in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDBFFF8FD6BF84E9ED5F85A" box="[746,908,1994,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Plectrocnemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDBFFF8FD6BF84E9ED5F85A" box="[746,908,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="237">Plectrocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FF1C9962FF6C" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
- membranous connection (joint) of each anal proleg and claw (dorsal view) with strikingly dark sclerotized Xfigure (occurring in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FE26FF389F15FF6C" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1878" box="[423,588,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FE26FF389F15FF6C" box="[423,588,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FDDBFF389FA2FF6C" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[602,763,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Polycentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FDDBFF389FA2FF6C" box="[602,763,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Polycentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC88FF389EF2FF6C" box="[777,939,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Plectrocnemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC88FF389EF2FF6C" box="[777,939,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Plectrocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC38FF389972FF6B" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1938" box="[953,1067,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Cernotina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC38FF389972FF6B" box="[953,1067,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Cernotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF46FE8099CEFD3C" blockId="7.[151,1436,260,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Diagnosis: Since the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD9BFE819F9CFEA4" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="1987" box="[538,709,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD9BFE819F9CFEA4" box="[538,709,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. varangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, we are limited to compare the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FAA0FE8198C5FEA4" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[1313,1436,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FAA0FE8198C5FEA4" box="[1313,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with those of the three European species of the genus for which larvae are known. Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FB6EFEAC98CDFEF8" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1878" box="[1263,1428,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FB6EFEAC98CDFEF8" box="[1263,1428,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FF16FEC99C4DFEDC" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,276,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF16FEC99C4DFEDC" box="[151,276,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears morphologically the strongest resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC03FEC99941FEDC" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[898,1048,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC03FEC99941FEDC" box="[898,1048,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both having distinct dark bands alongside the frontoclypeal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FDBAFEEB9FC8FE30" box="[571,657,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FD22FEF49FA8FE30" box="[675,753,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">12, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas such bands are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FB2DFEF59879FE30" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1196,1312,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FB2DFEF59879FE30" box="[1196,1312,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FAB4FEEB98D6FE30" box="[1333,1423,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FF16FE109CF0FE14" baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,425,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF16FE109CF0FE14" box="[151,425,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has dark bands alongside the frontoclypeal suture, but the head is relatively broader than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FEA2FE3D9CC7FE77" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[291,414,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FEA2FE3D9CC7FE77" box="[291,414,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FE59FE3D9F35FE77" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[472,620,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FE59FE3D9F35FE77" box="[472,620,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; furthermore, the median stripe of the frontoclypeus is darkly coloured anteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FEAEFE599CE3FE4C" baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[303,442,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FEAEFE599CE3FE4C" box="[303,442,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FE4CFE589F7BFE4C" box="[461,546,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas this pigmentation is absent in the other two species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FA8CFE589839FE4C" box="[1293,1376,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FAF1FE5898D6FE4C" box="[1392,1423,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FF16FD849CE3FDAF" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[151,442,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF16FD849CE3FDAF" box="[151,442,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD27FD859E7FFDAF" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[678,806,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD27FD859E7FFDAF" box="[678,806,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the light areas alongside the constriction of the frontoclypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FEC2FDA09CC0FD84" box="[323,409,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), completely lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD30FDA19E74FD84" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[689,813,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD30FDA19E74FD84" box="[689,813,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FCBEFDA09EDFFD84" box="[831,902,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the conspicuous dark spots laterally and ventrally on the genae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FE23FDC39F0CFDD8" box="[418,597,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 12, 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) are only faint or smoky in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC15FDCD9956FDE7" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[916,1039,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC15FDCD9956FDE7" box="[916,1039,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FB9EFDC399D4FDD8" box="[1055,1165,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The close relationship between the two species is confirmed by barcoding data using mitochondrial DNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FBC4FDE899D0FD3C" box="[1093,1161,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[321,1220,193,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[321,1258,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for larval-adult association of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 caddisflies based on COI gene. Values above branches indicate ML bootstrap support values (1000 replicates, left of slash) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (500 000 generations, right of slash) (only values more than 50% are shown). Larval material is indicated by an underlined species name, lack of an underline denotes adult material. Roman numerals indicate the number of larvae and adults that were sequenced. The H. insignis clade is surrounded by a dashed-lined rectangle. Sequences which were taken from GenBank are marked by an asterisk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714018/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFDAFFF9FF16FD5C98C2FB06" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FD5C9EFAFD49" blockId="7.[151,931,727,754]" box="[151,931,727,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<heading id="D0AC81CDFFDAFFF9FF16FD5C9EFAFD49" bold="true" box="[151,931,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF16FD5C9EFAFD49" bold="true" box="[151,931,727,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Key to the known European larvae of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD71FD539EFAFD49" ID-CoL="4XXP" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1878" box="[752,931,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD71FD539EFAFD49" bold="true" box="[752,931,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FC9A9ED7FC8F" blockId="7.[151,910,798,823]" box="[151,910,798,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
This key is largely based on that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FDA7FC9A9ED0FC8F" author="Rinne, A. & Wiberg-Larsen, P." box="[550,905,798,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" refId="ref6200" refString="Rinne, A. & Wiberg-Larsen, P. (2017) Trichoptera Larvae of Finland. A Key to the Caddis Larvae of Finland and Nearby Countries. Trificon Books, Tampere, 151 pp." type="book" year="2017">Rinne & Wiberg-Larsen (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="30AF2E04FFDAFFF9FF16FCE198C2FC21" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FCE198C5FCC3" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" box="[151,1436,869,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FCE198C5FCC3" box="[151,1436,869,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
1. Dorsal surface of head with distinct dark bands alongside frontoclypeal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FC5BFCE1996CFCC3" box="[986,1077,869,891]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FBC1FCE19924FCC3" box="[1088,1149,869,891]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FC0098C2FC21" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" box="[151,1435,899,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FC0098C2FC21" box="[151,1435,899,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
- No distinct dark bands alongside frontoclypeal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FD6FFC079E6AFC21" box="[750,819,899,921]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FABFFC0098C2FC21" ID-CoL="3M8FK" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1342,1435,900,921]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FABFFC009816FC21" box="[1342,1359,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FADDFC0098C2FC21" box="[1372,1435,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30AF2E04FFDAFFF9FF16FC2498C2FBB6" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FC2498C2FC6B" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FC2498C2FC6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
2. Pale median stripe of frontoclypeus with dark pigmentation at its anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FC6AFC24996AFC0E" box="[1003,1075,928,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); head relatively broad (ratio length/ width 1.02–1.16).............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FAA6FC3A98C2FC6B" ID-CoL="3M8FW" baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1319,1435,958,979]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FAA6FC3A9861FC6B" box="[1319,1336,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FAC4FC3A98C2FC6B" box="[1349,1435,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FC5898C2FBB6" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FC5898C2FBB6" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
- Pale median stripe of frontoclypeus without any darker pigmentation at its anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FBB1FC5F99FDFC49" box="[1072,1188,987,1009]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 2, 3, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FB2EFC5F99B4FC49" box="[1199,1261,987,1009]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">12, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); head more elongate (ratio length/width 1.11–1.35)........................................................................ 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30AF2E04FFDAFFF9FF16FB9198C2FB06" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FB9198C5FBDE" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FB9198C5FBDE" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
3. Small, pale patches present alongside constriction of frontoclypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FC01FB919E90FB93" box="[896,969,1045,1067]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); dark stripes of frontoclypeus at its immediate point of constriction same color as other pigment on head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FCA8FBB79E28FBF1" box="[809,881,1075,1097]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); genae laterally and ventrally with distinct dark muscle attachment spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FE0FFBD49F58FBDE" box="[398,513,1104,1126]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionTargetBox="[167,1400,234,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Holocentropus spp. heads. 10, Holocentropus dubius (Rambur 1842), dorsal. 11, Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda 1874), dorsal. 12–14, Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens 1836), dorsal; 13, left dorsolateral; 14, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714020/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FA9FFBD598C5FBDE" ID-CoL="6M9XF" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1310,1436,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FA9FFBD59876FBDE" box="[1310,1327,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FABDFBD598C5FBDE" box="[1340,1436,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF16FBEA98C2FB06" blockId="7.[151,1436,869,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AA9594FFDAFFF9FF16FBEA98C2FB06" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
- No small, pale patches present alongside constriction of frontoclypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FC17FBE99E88FB3B" box="[918,977,1133,1155]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); dark stripes of frontoclypeus at its immediate point of constriction clearly darker than other pigment on head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FCCFFB0F9ED0FB19" box="[846,905,1163,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); genae laterally as well as ventrally with light, smoky muscle attachment spots only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FD88FB2C9F3DFB06" box="[521,612,1192,1214]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,196,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924, larva. 2–5, head: 2, dorsal; 3, left dorsolateral; 4, ventral; 5, with mandibles, anterodorsal. 6, pro-, mid- and hind legs, anterior. 7–8, left anal claw: 7, left lateral; 8, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FAB2FB2D98C2FB06" ID-CoL="3M8FP" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[1331,1435,1193,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FAB2FB2D981DFB06" box="[1331,1348,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FAD0FB2D98C2FB06" box="[1361,1435,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFDAFFF7FF46FB6E991CFF40" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFDAFFF9FF46FB6E9D86FA0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF46FB6E9D86FA0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1258,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF46FB6E9CAEFABB" bold="true" box="[199,503,1258,1283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD80FB6F9E51FABA" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[513,776,1259,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD80FB6F9E51FABA" box="[513,776,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a northern distribution in Europe, the most southern sites being in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FE37FA8A9F4FFA9F" box="[438,534,1294,1319]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FDDDFA8A9E41FA9F" box="[604,792,1294,1319]" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Furthermore, it is recorded from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FAAEFA8B98C1FA9F" box="[1327,1432,1295,1319]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FF16FAB69C5BFAF3" box="[151,258,1330,1355]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FE8FFAB69C25FAF3" box="[270,380,1330,1355]" name="Lithuania" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FE08FAB69C8AFAF3" box="[393,467,1330,1355]" name="Latvia" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Latvia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FE61FAB69F6EFAF3" box="[480,567,1330,1355]" name="Estonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FDC5FAB69FC5FAF3" box="[580,668,1330,1355]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FD28FAB69E5CFAF3" box="[681,773,1330,1355]" name="Sweden" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FC90FAB79E35FAF3" box="[785,876,1331,1355]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and European
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FB9CFAB69931FAF3" box="[1053,1128,1330,1355]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FBF9FAB79874FAF3" author="Neu, P. J. & Malicky, H. & Graf, W. & Schmidt-Kloiber, A." box="[1144,1325,1331,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 891" refId="ref6118" refString="Neu, P. J., Malicky, H., Graf, W. & Schmidt-Kloiber, A. (2018) Distribution Atlas of European Trichoptera. Tierwelt Deutschlands, 84, 1 - 891." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Neu
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FB30FAB799BBFAF3" box="[1201,1250,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FABAFAB698D7FAF3" box="[1339,1422,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,301,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,301,1170]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 15. Distribution of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 (Neu et al. 2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714022/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FF16FAD29CC3FAD6" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,410,1366,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FF16FAD29CC3FAD6" box="[151,410,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from other regions in European
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FC56FAD2997BFAD7" box="[983,1058,1366,1391]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kola Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FF843FFDAFFF9FB6BFAD29866FAD7" box="[1258,1343,1366,1391]" country="Russia" name="Kareliya" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Karelia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FF843FFDAFFF9FF16FAFE9C53FA2B" box="[151,266,1402,1427]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Leningrad</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FF843FFDAFFF9FEC4FAFF9CBAFA2B" box="[325,483,1402,1427]" country="Russia" name="Saint Petersburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">St. Petersburg</collectingRegion>
|
||
regions) and Siberia (Yakutia) also, but no exact coordinates are available (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FACCFAFF9D8AFA0F" author="Ivanov, V. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="171 - 209" refId="ref5897" refString="Ivanov, V. D. (2011) Caddisflies of Russia: Fauna and biodiversity. Zoosymposia, 5, 171 - 209." type="journal article" year="2011">Ivanov 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFDAFFF6FF46FA479E55FA66" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF9FF46FA479992F8FE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1258,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Most records concern adults, and consequently the larval habitats cannot be established with certainty. However, larval records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FE6CFA629FF8FA47" box="[493,673,1510,1535]" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FD2FFA629E40FA47" box="[686,793,1510,1535]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FCD7FA629EF5FA47" box="[854,940,1510,1535]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
nearly all seem to be from similar habitats, being rather shallow, small (typically
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B44FFDAFFF9FDBCF9899FE2F99D" box="[573,699,1549,1574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="525.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="50.0">50–1000 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C2E9BE9FFDAFFF9FD3DF98E9F9DF9A0" attach="right" box="[700,708,1546,1560]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">2</superScript>
|
||
) pools or ponds with acid water, rather rich in humic substances, and an abundant growth of submerged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD01F9B59FAFF9F1" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[640,758,1585,1609]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD01F9B59FAFF9F1" box="[640,758,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mosses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFDAFFF9FCEFF9B59EE0F9F2" box="[878,953,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,337,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[150,1436,337,1301]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection site of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 in the raised bog relict Fochteloërveen, the Netherlands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714014/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). These sites were typically located in oligotrophic fens, often with an emergent vegetation dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC30F9D199B9F9D5" box="[945,1248,1621,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eriophorum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC30F9D199B9F9D5" box="[945,1248,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Eriophorum angustifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FA9EF9D2983AF9D5" box="[1311,1379,1622,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FA9EF9D2983AF9D5" box="[1311,1379,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Carex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Danish sites have a pH ranging from 4.3-4.6 and the water column is dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FBCEF9FD9806F929" box="[1103,1375,1657,1681]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FBCEF9FD9806F929" box="[1103,1375,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Sphagnum denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FA06F9FE9C41F90D" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FA06F9FE9C41F90D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">S. cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D9031AFFDAFFF9FEA7F9199C27F90E" box="[294,382,1693,1718]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,402,425]" captionText="TABLE 2. Habitat characteristics of eight sites with occurrence of Holocentropus insignis, located in Jutland, Denmark and the eastern part of the Netherlands." pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The collection site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FD06F9199E6EF90E" box="[647,823,1693,1718]" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fochteloërveen) is a treeless, water-saturated, raisedbog relict with a dominance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD95F9459F9AF961" box="[532,707,1729,1753]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="spp">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD95F9459FD3F961" box="[532,650,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
spp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD59F9469ECFF961" box="[728,918,1729,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eriophorum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD59F9469ECFF961" box="[728,918,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">E. angustifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FC2BF946990BF961" authorityName="Stokes" authorityYear="1787" box="[938,1106,1730,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FC2BF946990BF961" box="[938,1106,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Carex rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FB1AF9459804F961" box="[1179,1373,1729,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FB1AF9459804F961" box="[1179,1373,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Calluna vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The submerged vegetation of a second (Notterveenplas, Wierden; 1 larva), third (Deldenerzijdevennen, Oele;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD28FFDAFFF9FAB2F96298C9F946" box="[1331,1424,1765,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
), and fourth (Zandveen, Dwingeloo; 1 larva) collection site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FCCEF88D9958F89A" box="[847,1025,1801,1826]" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
are dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FB59F88E982EF899" box="[1240,1399,1801,1825]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FB59F88E982EF899" box="[1240,1399,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">S. cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FA06F88E9C70F8FD" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FA06F88E9C70F8FD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">S. denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FEE7F8AA9F1FF8FD" authorityName="Loeske" authorityYear="1907" box="[358,582,1837,1862]" class="Bryopsida" family="Amblystegiaceae" genus="Warnstorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="fluitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FEE7F8AA9F1FF8FD" box="[358,582,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Warnstorfia fluitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. pH at a Dutch site was measured only once and was 4.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFDAFFF6FF46F8D59905FEDF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1258,2006]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,359]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FF46F8D59C85F8D2" author="Kubiak, M & Peters, R. S." box="[199,476,1873,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="191 - 203" refId="ref5922" refString="Kubiak, M & Peters, R. S. (2010) New and remarkable records of tyrphophilic caddisfly species (Insecta, Trichoptera) from Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 15, 191 - 203." type="journal article" year="2010">Kubiak & Peters (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFDAFFF9FD12F8D69E56F8D1" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[659,783,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FD12F8D69E56F8D1" box="[659,783,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be classified as tyrphophilic (i.e., associated with raised bogs). However, historical and recent records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FCC8F8F19EF5F836" box="[841,940,1909,1934]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FC3DF8F1997EF836" box="[956,1063,1909,1934]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FBB6F8F199B6F836" box="[1079,1263,1909,1934]" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFDAFFF9FAB5F8F298C5F836" box="[1332,1436,1910,1934]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FF1FF81D9CD5F80A" author="Wiberg-Larsen, P." box="[158,396,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="53 - 57" refId="ref6483" refString="Wiberg-Larsen, P. (1986) Holocentropus insignis Martynov, 1924 and Micrasema setiferum (Pictet, 1834) (Trichoptera) new to Denmark. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 53, 53 - 57." type="journal article" year="1986">Wiberg-Larsen 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FE16F81D9F0CF80A" author="Lock, K. & Tempelman, D. & Sanabria, M. J." box="[407,597,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="22 - 26" refId="ref6022" refString="Lock, K., Tempelman, D. & Sanabria, M. J. (2013) Three new caddisflies for the Belgian fauna: Holocentropus insignis Martynov, 1924; Hydroptila tineoides Dalman, 1819 and Oxyethira simplex Ris, 1897 (Trichoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 149, 22 - 26." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lock
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFDAFFF9FE58F81E9F4BF809" box="[473,530,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFDAFFF9FDE0F81D9EDEF80A" author="Tempelman, D. & Lock, K." box="[609,903,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="238" pagination="13 - 15" refId="ref6420" refString="Tempelman, D. & Lock, K. (2012) Nieuwe vondst van Holocentropus insignis nabij het Esmeer. De Digitale Kokerjuffer, 15, 13 - 15. [in Dutch]" type="journal article" year="2012">Tempelman & Lock 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study) only partly confirm the association with raised bogs. Only half of all fifteen new records are from pristine or degraded raised bogs, the other half stemming from oligotrophic fens located in heathland areas. According to Rinne (unpublished), the main habitats in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFD5FFF6FF34FF389C52FF6D" box="[181,267,188,213]" name="Finland" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
are not raised bogs, but rather oligotrophic (acid) ponds, smaller lakes, and wet mires with growth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FF16FF649C54FF40" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[151,269,224,248]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FF16FF649C54FF40" box="[151,269,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mosses. In the northern provinces, however, species may also inhabit more eutrophic mires, groundwater-fed springs, and locally even calciferous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FD25FE809E71FEA4" box="[676,808,260,284]" class="Bryopsida" family="Amblystegiaceae" genus="Palustriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FD25FE809E71FEA4" box="[676,808,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Palustriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
springs. In the northernmost provinces, larvae have also been collected amongst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FE2FFEAF9F7DFEFB" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[430,548,299,323]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FE2FFEAF9F7DFEFB" box="[430,548,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mosses from very small (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CA39B44FFD5FFF6FCF3FEAE9EC6FEFA" box="[882,927,298,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C2E9BE9FFD5FFF6FC21FEA39EF1FE8D" attach="right" box="[928,936,295,309]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">2</superScript>
|
||
) pools of so-called “palsa-mires” that may show some resemblance to raised bogs, but are being shaped by permafrost processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF246629FFD5FFF6FF16FE169F63FE71" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF6FF16FE169F63FE71" blockId="8.[151,1436,401,457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FF16FE169C53FE11" bold="true" box="[151,266,402,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat characteristics of eight sites with occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FCE9FE159939FE11" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[872,1120,401,425]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FCE9FE159939FE11" box="[872,1120,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Holocentropus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, located in Jutland, Denmark and the eastern part of the Netherlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF6FF1EFE619862FC14" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<table id="F95BC401FFD50001FF1EFE619862FC14" box="[159,1339,485,940]" gridcols="4" gridrows="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFE619862FE43" box="[159,1339,485,507]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFE619F5FFE43" box="[159,518,485,507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Site</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FE619E11FE43" box="[611,840,485,507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Date</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FE619EB7FE43" box="[935,1006,485,507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">pH</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FE619862FE43" box="[1093,1339,485,507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Submerged vegetation</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFD8A9862FD9C" box="[159,1339,526,548]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFD8A9F5FFD9C" box="[159,518,526,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Stensbaek Plantation, shallow pond</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FD8A9E11FD9C" box="[611,840,526,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">12.viii.1987/15.v.1988</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FD8A9EB7FD9C" box="[935,1006,526,548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">4.4/4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FD8A9862FD9C" box="[1093,1339,526,548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FD8A9862FD9C" box="[1093,1339,526,548]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FD8A9862FD9C" box="[1093,1339,526,548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFDBC9862FDF6" box="[159,1339,568,590]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFDBC9F5FFDF6" box="[159,518,568,590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Nystrup Plantation, shallow pond</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FDBC9E11FDF6" box="[611,840,568,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">18.ix.1988</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FDBC9EB7FDF6" box="[935,1006,568,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FDBC9862FDF6" box="[1093,1339,568,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FDBC9862FDF6" box="[1093,1339,568,590]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FDBC9862FDF6" box="[1093,1339,568,590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFDE59862FDCF" box="[159,1339,609,631]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFDE59F5FFDCF" box="[159,518,609,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Grene Sande, shallow pond</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FDE59E11FDCF" box="[611,840,609,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">10.vii.1988</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FDE59EB7FDCF" box="[935,1006,609,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FDE59862FDCF" box="[1093,1339,609,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FDE59875FDCF" box="[1093,1324,609,631]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FDE59875FDCF" box="[1093,1324,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFD0F9862FD19" box="[159,1339,651,673]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFD0F9F5FFD19" box="[159,518,651,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Raabjerg Mose, tiny pond</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FD0F9E11FD19" box="[611,840,651,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">17.v.1990</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FD0F9EB7FD19" box="[935,1006,651,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FD0F9862FD19" box="[1093,1339,651,673]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FD0F9875FD19" box="[1093,1324,651,673]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FD0F9875FD19" box="[1093,1324,651,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFD309862FD72" box="[159,1339,692,714]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFD309F5FFD72" box="[159,518,692,714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Lønborg Heath, shallow pond</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FD309E11FD72" box="[611,840,692,714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">10.iv.2007</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FD309EB7FD72" box="[935,1006,692,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FD309862FD72" box="[1093,1339,692,714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FD309875FD72" box="[1093,1324,692,714]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FD309875FD72" box="[1093,1324,692,714]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFD599862FD4B" box="[159,1339,733,755]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFD599F5FFD4B" box="[159,518,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Fochteloërveen</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FD599E11FD4B" box="[611,840,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">30.v.2015</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FD599EB7FD4B" box="[935,1006,733,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FD599862FD4B" box="[1093,1339,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FD5999B8FD4B" box="[1093,1249,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FD599984FD4B" box="[1093,1245,733,755]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="spp">Sphagnum spp</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFC829862FC83" box="[159,1339,774,827]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFC829F5FFC83" box="[159,518,774,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Notterveenplas</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FC829E11FC83" box="[611,840,774,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">16.v.2016</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FC829EB7FC83" box="[935,1006,774,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FC829862FC83" box="[1093,1339,774,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FC829849FC83" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FC829877FCA4" box="[1093,1326,774,796]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Sphagnum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FCA19849FC83" authorityName="Loeske" authorityYear="1907" box="[1093,1296,805,827]" class="Bryopsida" family="Amblystegiaceae" genus="Warnstorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="fluitans">Warnstorfia fluitans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFCCA9862FC3B" box="[159,1339,846,899]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFCCA9F5FFC3B" box="[159,518,846,899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Deldenerzijdevennen</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FCCA9E11FC3B" box="[611,840,846,899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">16.v.2016</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FCCA9EB7FC3B" box="[935,1006,846,899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FCCA9862FC3B" box="[1093,1339,846,899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBC4FCCA99BAFC3B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FCCA9877FCDC" box="[1093,1326,846,868]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Sphagnum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FCEA99BAFC3B" box="[1093,1251,877,899]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">S. denticulatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B34E3FFD50001FF1EFC129862FC14" box="[159,1339,918,940]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<th id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FF1EFC129F5FFC14" box="[159,518,918,940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Zandveen</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FDE2FC129E11FC14" box="[611,840,918,940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">15.v.2017</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FC26FC129EB7FC14" box="[935,1006,918,940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA5D9FFFD50001FBC4FC129862FC14" box="[1093,1339,918,940]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBC4FC129862FC14" box="[1093,1339,918,940]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">Sphagnum denticulatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF6FF46FC769E55FA66" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
At almost all sites surveyed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FDD1FC769F8EFBB1" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[592,727,1010,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FDD1FC769F8EFBB1" box="[592,727,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared to be the only representative of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FF16FB919C34FB96" box="[151,365,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polycentropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In three cases only (Grene Sande,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFD5FFF6FD77FB919E3BFB96" box="[758,866,1045,1070]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Fochteloërveen and Zandveen,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C7631FFD5FFF6FB4DFB919827FB96" box="[1228,1406,1045,1070]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
) it coexisted with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FEBEFBBE9CF5FBE9" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[319,428,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FEBEFBBE9CF5FBE9" box="[319,428,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A relevant question is how
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FD6BFBBE9E3AFBE9" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[746,867,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FD6BFBBE9E3AFBE9" box="[746,867,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ecologically separated from its nearest relatives. According to our experience,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FE6BFBDA9F01FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[490,600,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FE6BFBDA9F01FBCD" box="[490,600,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FD10FBDA9E7CFBCD" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[657,805,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FD10FBDA9E7CFBCD" box="[657,805,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in both acid and neutral ponds and lakes, generally (but not exclusively) being larger water bodies than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FC34FB069976FB21" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[949,1071,1154,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FC34FB069976FB21" box="[949,1071,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the latter seems to prefer tiny, very acid pools (see above).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FD99FB219E72FB05" baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[536,811,1189,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FD99FB219E72FB05" box="[536,811,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Holocentropus stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FCEDFB229EBEFB05" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[876,999,1190,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FCEDFB229EBEFB05" box="[876,999,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also seems to prefer small ponds and pools, but is generally associated with water that is closer to neutral. None of the species appears to be adapted to habitats that might become dry during summer. The well-studied population in Stensbaek disappeared during the very dry summer of 1989 when the habitat totally dried for several months (Wiberg-Larsen, unpublished). Isolation-by-habitat is not the only way in which species might be ecologically separated. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B50FFD5FFF6FAD4FAB19DB8FACA" author="Higler, L. W. G." pageId="8" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref5821" refString="Higler, L. W. G. (1977) Macrofauna-cenoses on Stratiotes plants in Dutch broads. Research Institute for Nature Management, Leersum, Verhandeling 11, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1977">Higler (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated a separation in time of development between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FC3CFADE9969FAC9" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[957,1072,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FC3CFADE9969FAC9" box="[957,1072,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FBF2FADE9855FAC9" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1139,1292,1370,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FBF2FADE9855FAC9" box="[1139,1292,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the former especially growing faster during July/August and thereby becoming bigger and able to feed on larger prey earlier. The growth pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FE12FA269F54FA01" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[403,525,1442,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FE12FA269F54FA01" box="[403,525,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FD58FA269E32FA01" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[729,875,1442,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FD58FA269E32FA01" box="[729,875,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. picicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus life cycles may ecologically separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FA00FA269DB7FA65" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FA00FA269DB7FA65" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FEA5FA429CC8FA65" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[292,401,1477,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FEA5FA429CC8FA65" box="[292,401,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the species occur together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341652AFFD5FFF7FF46FA6D991CFF40" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF6FF46FA6D985AF90E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FF46FA6D9CDAF9BA" bold="true" box="[199,387,1513,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. In the shallow pool at Stensbaek, which was studied intensively over a one-year period, only 38 invertebrate taxa were recorded from the spatially dominating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FCF2F9899EB0F99D" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[883,1001,1549,1573]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FCF2F9899EB0F99D" box="[883,1001,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mats. Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FB10F98A9853F99D" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[1169,1290,1550,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FB10F98A9853F99D" box="[1169,1290,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, constituting 90% of all macroinvertebrate individuals,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FDFBF9B59E43F9F2" box="[634,794,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were by far the most prominent group (68% of all taxa exclusive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FEA9F9D29CFBF9D5" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[296,418,1622,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FEA9F9D29CFBF9D5" box="[296,418,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Surprisingly, a very high proportion of the macroinvertebrate taxa (i.e., number of taxa) could be classified as predators (45%), whereas the rest were either deposit feeders (48%) or grazers (7%). Numerically (number of individuals), however, predators and deposit feeders were equally abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF6FF46F9459DA8F836" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FE1DF9469F45F961" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[412,540,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FE1DF9469F45F961" box="[412,540,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is univoltine, as in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FCD5F9459E80F962" box="[852,985,1729,1754]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the shallow Stensbaek pool, larval development seems to be asynchronous, 2nd- to 5th-instar larvae occurring almost all year round (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD5FFF6FAB7F96198D6F946" box="[1334,1423,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1009,1031]" captionTargetBox="[323,1265,208,971]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[175,1411,193,987]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 16. Life cycle of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 in Stensbaek pool (Denmark)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714024/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, 1st-instar larvae appeared and were only present from July to August, whereas pupae were exclusively found in May and June. Growth of the larvae was apparently related to temperature, primarily taking place from April to September at mean weekly air temperatures above 10°C (data from nearest meteorological station, data not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE436A1FFD5FFF7FF46F81D991CFF40" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2006]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">
|
||
Stomach analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FE35F81E9F69F809" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[436,560,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FE35F81E9F69F809" box="[436,560,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae (4th and 5th instar) showed that 53% of the identifiable material was invertebrate prey, 19% algae, the rest (25%) being fine particular organic matter and dead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD5FFF6FB2DF839987BF86D" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1196,1314,1981,2005]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD5FFF6FB2DF839987BF86D" box="[1196,1314,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="239">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fragments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD4FFF7FF1EFF139C5DFF08" box="[159,260,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[163,1399,1091,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,1080,1670]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 17. (A) Gut contents of larvae of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 in the Stensbaek pool. Food particles scored by presence in 22 larvae (black bars) and as percentage of all particles recorded in these larvae (white bars). (B) Relative composition of invertebrates (H. insignis excluded) in Sphagnum mats in the Stensbaek pool (Denmark), by percentage of individuals (black bars) and by number of taxa (white bars)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714026/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Fig. 17a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD4FFF7FE9CFF139F68FF08" authority="(Diptera)" baseAuthorityName="Diptera" box="[285,561,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae (Diptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
dominated among the invertebrate prey (64%), the rest being represented equally by microinvertebrates,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD4FFF7FE74FF389E5DFF6D" authority=", Hydrachnidia" authorityName="Hydrachnidia" box="[501,772,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Naididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tubificida" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Naididae, Hydrachnidia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD4FFF7FC00FF399EA2FF6C" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[897,1019,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Polycentropodidae" genus="Holocentropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD4FFF7FC00FF399EA2FF6C" box="[897,1019,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dominance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD4FFF7FB5FFF389827FF6D" box="[1246,1406,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the diet corresponds well with their representation in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D22FFD4FFF7FC94FF649ED2FF40" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[789,907,224,248]" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FEAB3FFD4FFF7FC94FF649ED2FF40" box="[789,907,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13602A24FFD4FFF7FC57FF5B9961FF40" box="[982,1080,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[163,1399,1091,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,1080,1670]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 17. (A) Gut contents of larvae of Holocentropus insignis Martynov 1924 in the Stensbaek pool. Food particles scored by presence in 22 larvae (black bars) and as percentage of all particles recorded in these larvae (white bars). (B) Relative composition of invertebrates (H. insignis excluded) in Sphagnum mats in the Stensbaek pool (Denmark), by percentage of individuals (black bars) and by number of taxa (white bars)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3714026/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Fig. 17b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |