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<document id="4424FB683E381053C2C5034A372A4119" ID-CLB-Dataset="22522" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4683.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60161840-b9ca-420f-9ef4-c0918e409da6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772709" ID-ZooBank="C1558CDD-AD51-4CB5-A170-003ED5D5E461" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058587879" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Broadley, Adam, Kauschke, Ellen &amp; Mohrig, Werner" docDate="2019" docId="03F2879E814AFFE8FF4DFA18AB52FD72" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4683.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4683 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scythropochroa quadrispinosa Steffan 1969" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="FFCBFFE6815EFFFDFFDAFD04A92CFFBD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the black fungus gnat species (Diptera: Sciaridae) described by W. A. Steffan from Micronesia" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="235" updateTime="1698837736115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="404888EC3B460526EBCC8E814DE716D8">Revision of the black fungus gnat species (Diptera: Sciaridae) described by W. A. Steffan from Micronesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4682EC45A486D2464D2BB75EFA58B7D3">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECA40E11BCD3554DB6C0249F24F5D62F">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F6550F375986E461C45DFAFE2750E48">Ellen Kauschke, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Zoology, Stephanstrasse 24, 35390 Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="73927C3C2554F153C953E70F1F86146F">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2C77E7FD756361A1D5997C9B2748EC87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8DF95F62446159308B57E7D06A123363">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA4682AEB57E895818F6ED9A496E6F47">4683</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F2879E814AFFE8FF4DFA18AB52FD72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2879E814AFFE8FF4DFA18AB52FD72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2879E814AFFE8FF4DFA18AB52FD72" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<subSubSection id="C3416503814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB99F88A" box="[151,693,1820,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB99F88A" blockId="20.[151,693,1820,1883]" box="[151,693,1820,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<heading id="D0AC81E4814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB99F88A" bold="true" box="[151,693,1820,1847]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB99F88A" ID-CoL="4W6CT" authority="Steffan, 1969" authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,693,1820,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Scythropochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB99F88A" bold="true" box="[151,693,1820,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814AFFE9FF4DFA18AB26F88A" bold="true" box="[151,522,1820,1847]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Scythropochroa quadrispinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814AFFE9FDCBFA18AB99F88A" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[529,693,1820,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref10929" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416503814AFFE9FF4DFA44A818F8E6" box="[151,308,1856,1883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814AFFE9FF4DFA44A818F8E6" blockId="20.[151,693,1820,1883]" box="[151,308,1856,1883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
(
<figureCitation id="13602A0D814AFFE9FF7AFA44A9DCF8E6" box="[160,240,1856,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[296,1294,742,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[288,1299,733,1702]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17 AB. Scythropochroa quadrispinosa Steffan, 1969. Holotype. A. Hypopygium, left side; B. Flagellomeres 45 (specimen deformed and strongly bleached)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772741/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
AB)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416503814AFFE9FF4DFA81AA81F821" box="[151,941,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814AFFE9FF4DFA81AA81F821" blockId="20.[151,941,1924,1949]" box="[151,941,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B11A6814AFFE9FF4DFA81AA81F821" box="[151,941,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814AFFE9FF4DFA81AB71F820" ID-CoL="4W6CT" authority="Steffan, 1969" authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,605,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Scythropochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814AFFE9FF4DFA81A8E2F820" box="[151,462,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Scythropochroa quadrispinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814AFFE9FE0FFA80AB71F820" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[469,605,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref10929" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA1099814AFFE9FDB3FA80AA18F820" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[617,820,1924,1949]" page="682" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814AFFE9FDB3FA80AA2EF820" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[617,770,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref10929" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
: 682
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5 ae].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416503814AFFE8FF4DFAC0AA4DFEFE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814AFFE9FF4DFAC0ACB0F863" blockId="20.[151,1436,1988,2015]" box="[151,1436,1988,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814AFFE9FF4DFAC0A84BF862" bold="true" box="[151,359,1988,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B333CD5814AFFE9FEB4FAC1ACB0F863" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609012086" box="[366,1436,1988,2015]" collectingDate="1957-05-19" country="Micronesia" location="Caroline Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814AFFE9FEB4FAC1A8F7F862" bold="true" box="[366,475,1989,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<typeStatus id="54E0882A814AFFE9FEB4FAC1A8F7F862" box="[366,475,1989,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: Male,
<date id="FFE51048814AFFE9FDE8FAC0AB8CF862" box="[562,672,1988,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" value="1957-05-19">
<collectingDate id="EFA1E9A0814AFFE9FDE8FAC0AB8CF862" box="[562,672,1988,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" value="1957-05-19">19.v.1957</collectingDate>
</date>
(not 21.v. as given by Steffan),
<collectingCountry id="F34C7618814AFFE9FBD2FAC0ADEDF863" box="[1032,1217,1988,2014]" name="Micronesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C7618814AFFE9FB17FAC0AC27F863" box="[1229,1291,1988,2014]" name="Palau" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Palau</collectingCountry>
Is., Babelth-
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE43688814BFFE8FF4DFD9DAB6AFF65" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">
uap I.,
<collectingRegion id="499FF86A814BFFE8FF32FD9DA811FF0E" box="[232,317,153,179]" country="Palau" name="Ngiwal" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Ngiwal</collectingRegion>
, at light, leg. C.W. Sabrosky (USNMENT 2083267).
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FC44FD9DAD27FF0E" bold="true" box="[926,1035,153,179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">
<typeStatus id="54E0882A814BFFE8FC44FD9DAD27FF0E" box="[926,1035,153,179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD01814BFFE8FBC1FD9DAD47FF0E" box="[1051,1131,153,179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same data as the
<typeStatus id="54E0882A814BFFE8FAE0FD9DACB0FF0E" box="[1338,1436,153,179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE4D814BFFE8FF45FDB9A9DDFF6A" box="[159,241,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
, without registration number).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE43688814BFFE8FF1DFDE5AA4DFEFE" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Conservation status: Originally mounted in Hoyers medium and remounted in Euparal. Head, body, hypopygium and wings separated, wings under a separate cover slip on the same slide, destroyed. Thorax and hypopygium are depressed and deformed and the embedding medium turbid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416503814BFFE8FF1DFC48ADEBFD3A" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814BFFE8FF1DFC48ADEBFD3A" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FF1DFC48A864FEDA" bold="true" box="[199,328,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Comments</emphasis>
. The species is characterized by rather long flagellomeres, a 1-segmented palpus, an undifferentiated patch of bristles on the apex of the fore tibia, a large ovoid gonostylus with 4 hyaline spines on the inner side and a dense bristle area at the inner basal corner of the gonocoxites. It should be mentioned that 4 spines, arranged in two pairs, represent the typical armature of the gonostylus in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FC0CFCBDAD1EFE6E" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[982,1074,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cratyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FC0CFCBDAD1EFE6E" box="[982,1074,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Cratyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FB6AFCBDAC20FE6E" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[1200,1292,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cratyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FB6AFCBDAC20FE6E" box="[1200,1292,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Cratyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57E1814BFFE8FAC9FCBDAC66FE6E" box="[1299,1354,441,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" sensu="stricto">s. str</taxonomicNameLabel>
, within the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FEE2FCD9A89BFE4A" box="[312,439,477,503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratyninae">Cratyninae</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814BFFE8FDEFFCD9ABD6FE4A" author="Shin, S. &amp; Lee, H. &amp; Lee, S." box="[565,762,477,503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref10800" refString="Shin, S., Lee, H. &amp; Lee, S. (2019) Proposal of a new subfamily of Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaridae), with description of one new species from South Korea. Zootaxa, 4543 (1), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4543.1.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
Shin
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FDB5FCDAAB84FE4A" box="[623,680,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FBDBFCD9AD9EFE4A" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[1025,1202,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Scythropochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FBDBFCD9AD9EFE4A" box="[1025,1202,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Scythropochroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(along with the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FF1BFF05A874FDA6" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1942" box="[193,344,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Chaetosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FF1BFF05A874FDA6" box="[193,344,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Chaetosciara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FEBCFF05A8CDFDA6" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1942" box="[358,481,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Mouffetina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FEBCFF05A8CDFDA6" box="[358,481,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Mouffetina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FDC2FF05ABF8FDA6" authorityName="Frey" authorityYear="1942" box="[536,724,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Schwenckfeldina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FDC2FF05ABF8FDA6" box="[536,724,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Schwenckfeldina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) belongs to a new subfamily, the Chaetosciarinae, which differ from the
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FF24FF21A855FD82" box="[254,377,549,575]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratyninae">Cratyninae</taxonomicName>
by having a wing with a long R
<subScript id="17DF34CD814BFFE8FD39FF32ABC7FDF9" attach="left" box="[739,747,566,580]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">1</subScript>
that meets C at least (usually beyond) the base of the M-fork (in
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B814BFFE8FF64FF4DA815FDDE" box="[190,313,585,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratyninae">Cratyninae</taxonomicName>
the R
<subScript id="17DF34CD814BFFE8FEA4FF5EA8AAFDD5" attach="left" box="[382,390,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">1</subScript>
is much shorter). As
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814BFFE8FDA0FF4DAA31FDD9" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[634,797,585,612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref10929" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
noted, the wings of the
<typeStatus id="54E0882A814BFFE8FBEBFF4DAD4DFDDE" box="[1073,1121,585,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">type</typeStatus>
specimens are destroyed or missing. It is therefore not possible to conclusively assign the species to either genus at present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416503814BFFE8FF1DFF94AB52FD72" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE43688814BFFE8FF1DFF94AB52FD72" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FF1DFF94A875FD16" bold="true" box="[199,345,656,683]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34C7618814BFFE8FEB2FF95AB08FD16" box="[360,548,657,683]" name="Micronesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F34C7618814BFFE8FDF5FF95AB41FD16" box="[559,621,657,683]" name="Palau" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Palau</collectingCountry>
Islands (Babelthuap Island). Also reported from Pagan Island (
<collectingCountry id="F34C7618814BFFE8FAEFFF95A860FD6D" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B79814BFFE8FEA4FFB1AB56FD72" author="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Eldredge, L. J. &amp; Arakaki, K. T. &amp; Oishi, D. &amp; Garcia, J. N. &amp; Haines, W. P." box="[382,634,693,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="236" refId="ref8894" refString="Evenhuis, N. L., Eldredge, L. J., Arakaki, K. T., Oishi, D., Garcia, J. N. &amp; Haines, W. P. (2010) Terrestrial arthropod surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas. Final Report. Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 71 pp." type="book" year="2010">
Evenhuis
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A814BFFE8FE37FFB2AB0AFD72" box="[493,550,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>