248 lines
35 KiB
XML
248 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="35538A1462AE676567329D087402508E" ID-CLB-Dataset="26086" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4651.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4078fef-6003-4ca4-b24a-159b7115d8c8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3363259" ID-ZooBank="F65AB5A6-B068-458C-9049-6D622727422A" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565269742848" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boström, Sven & Holovachov, Oleksandr" docDate="2019" docId="038B87EF1813BC2E4D9289DCB05AF813" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4651.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4651 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acrobeles undulatus Loof 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFB2FF971812BC2A4D058B05B42AFFA9" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of species of Acrobeles von Linstow, 1877 (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Kelso Dunes, Mojave National Preserve, California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="330" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1698748815170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2A06330E62B8ACB34FF3EC2D3A854C06">Descriptions of species of Acrobeles von Linstow, 1877 (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Kelso Dunes, Mojave National Preserve, California, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E3B54716C303A0A8D5AE854C8B2C596">Boström, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BBDE6375E6B99B066789B34125633127">Holovachov, Oleksandr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="619BFFA792447A9CDD09228EDC1C90AF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E2D217B593ACA7B743B1C9B488829DF">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038B87EF1813BC2E4D9289DCB05AF813" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159043720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87EF1813BC2E4D9289DCB05AF813" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87EF1813BC2E4D9289DCB05AF813" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<subSubSection id="C33865721813BC2B4D9289DCB631FD5A" box="[151,539,729,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4D9289DCB631FD5A" blockId="1.[151,539,729,791]" box="[151,539,729,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<heading id="D0D581951813BC2B4D9289DCB631FD5A" bold="true" box="[151,539,729,756]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1813BC2B4D9289DCB631FD5A" authority="Loof, 1964" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,539,729,756]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4D9289DCB631FD5A" bold="true" box="[151,539,729,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4D9289DCB5A5FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,399,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081813BC2B4C9289DCB631FD5A" author="Loof, P. A. A." box="[407,539,729,755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" pagination="201 - 300" refId="ref8822" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1964) Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica, 10, 201 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 x 00042" type="journal article" year="1964">Loof, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33865721813BC2B4D9289F8B541FCBE" box="[151,363,765,791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4D9289F8B541FCBE" blockId="1.[151,539,729,791]" box="[151,363,765,791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13192A7C1813BC2B4D9A89F8B52EFCBE" box="[159,260,765,791]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1963,1988]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1225,1250]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1628,1653]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1572,1597]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1981,2006]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1025,1050]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1420,246,1936]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1205]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1609]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,1552]" captionTargetBox-4="[165,1422,705,1962]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,241,942]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1437,237,1944]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1435,181,1205]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1609]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1435,181,1552]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[165,1422,705,1962]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1435,241,942]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964.A. Pharyngeal region. B. Female gonad. C. Female tail. D. Male tail. Scale bar=20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964, SEM micrographs. A. Anterior end, lateral view (ventral right). B. Anterior end, lateral view (ventral left). C. Female tail (arrow indicates phasmid). D. Lateral field (arrow indicates deirid). E. Vulva and lateral field, subventral view. Scale bars=5 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964, photomicrographs. A-B. Labial region and anterior cuticle of a male at different focus levels. B-C. Labial region and anterior cuticle of a female at different focus levels. E-G.Anterior cuticle and the beginning of lateral field of a female at different focus levels. Scale bars=20 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964, photomicrographs. A-C. Variation in the lateral field morphology along pharyngeal region in male (A-B) and female (C). B. Deirid. D. Lateral field at mid body level of a female. Scale bars=20 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964, photomicrographs.A-C. Female vulval region. D. Female tail, median section. E. Female tail, surface view (arrow indicates phasmid). Scale bars=20 µm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964, photomicrographs.A-C. Male spicules and gubernaculum at different focus levels (arrow indicates velum in C). D. Male genital papillae (arrows). Scale bars=20 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363265/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363267/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3363269/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3363271/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6A003421813BC2B4C0A89F8B54AFCBE" box="[271,352,765,791]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (µm) of Acrobeles undulatus Loof, 1964 from Kelso Dunes, California compared with the type population of A. undulatus from Venezuela and a population described by Amirzadi et al. (2013) from Iran (presented as mean±s.d. and (range) or only range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D66711817BC2F4D928B9FB601FF53" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" tableUuid="DF5D66711817BC2F4D928B9FB601FF53">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33865721813BC2E4D928841B05AF813" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4D928841B7B8FC0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4D928841B5A8FCF6" bold="true" box="[151,386,836,863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Twenty-seven females and three males on slides # SMNH-149098–SMNH-149101, SMNH- 149103, SMNH-Type-8437 (
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1813BC2B4CE5886CB6FDFC2A" authorityName="Bostrom & Holovachov" authorityYear="2013" box="[480,727,873,899]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Nothacrobeles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="istvani">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4CE5886CB6FDFC2A" box="[480,727,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Nothacrobeles istvani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) deposited in the invertebrate collection of the Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
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<collectingRegion id="49E6F81B1813BC2B4FAE8888B70DFC0E" box="[683,807,909,935]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33576691813BC2B4E378888B7A4FC0E" box="[818,910,909,935]" name="Sweden" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4DC288B5B4DAFBBA" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4DC288B5B5EDFC62" bold="true" box="[199,455,944,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Locality and habitat:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4A3CA41813BC2B4CCA88B4B4DAFBBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313474482" collectingDate="2010-03-28" collectorName="O. Holovachov & P. De Ley." country="United States of America" latitude="34.8959" location="Kelso Dunes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-115.70413" municipality="Mojave National Preserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
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<collectingCountry id="F33576691813BC2B4CCA88B4B620FC62" box="[463,522,945,971]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E6F81B1813BC2B4F1288B4B6A1FC62" box="[535,651,945,971]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF9AC831813BC2B4F9D88B4B7E9FC62" box="[664,963,945,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Mojave National Preserve</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EFD60221813BC2B4ED588B4B04EFC62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87EF1813BC2E4D9289DCB05AF813:8EFD60221813BC2B4ED588B4B04EFC62" box="[976,1124,945,971]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.8959" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-115.70413" municipality="Mojave National Preserve" name="Kelso Dunes" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" stateProvince="California">Kelso Dunes</location>
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, soil around roots of desert plants (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE16503E1813BC2B4DEC88D0B5ABFC46" box="[233,385,980,1007]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="53.698" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" precision="1" value="34.894966">N 34 53.698’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE16503E1813BC2B4C8988D0B61BFC46" box="[396,561,980,1007]" degrees="115" direction="west" minutes="42.155" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" precision="1" value="-115.70258">W 115 42.155’</geoCoordinate>
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and N 34 53.754’, W 115 42.248’),
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<collectingDate id="EFD8E9D11813BC2B4ECD88D0B05CFC46" box="[968,1142,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" value="2010-03-28">
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<date id="FF9C10391813BC2B4ECD88D0B05CFC46" box="[968,1142,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" value="2010-03-28">28 March 2010</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B498488D0B099FC46" box="[1153,1203,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">legit</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="26D7532F1813BC2B49BF88D0B14FFC46" box="[1210,1381,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">O. Holovachov</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="26D7532F1813BC2B488C88D0B4DAFBBA" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">P. De Ley.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4DC28F19B593F932" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4DC28F19B580FB9E" bold="true" box="[199,426,1052,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Description. Adult.</emphasis>
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Body variably arcuate when killed by heat, male posterior end generally strongly arcuate ventrad. Cuticle coarsely annulated, annuli
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<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1813BC2B4F898F44B73BFBF2" box="[652,785,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.4 µm</quantity>
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wide at midbody and 2.0–3.0 µm in pharyngeal region. Annuli with incised margins visible, which can be interpreted as two rows of punctations. Longitudinal striation absent. Lateral field with three incisures (two wings), the outer crenate; areolate; extending almost to tail terminus in both sexes; occupying about one-fifth to one-fourth of midbody diameter. Lip region slightly offset, carrying six labial and four cephalic papillae and two small, rounded amphid openings. Six triangular lips arranged in three pairs, one dorsal and two ventrolateral. Pairs of lips separated by primary axils with two triangular-elongate guarding processes originating from the incomplete first annulus. Secondary axils separating the lips of the pair also with two triangular-elongate guarding processes but separate from the first annulus. Each lip asymmetrically triangular, with about 12–13 tines along its margin: 4–5 short tines and one longer apical tine facing the primary axil, 5 short tines and one long tine in the middle facing the secondary axil. Three labial probolae 12.0–
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<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1813BC2B49AF8E81B122FA36" box="[1194,1288,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 µm</quantity>
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high, deeply bifurcate into two prongs having an outer margin with 10 tines, an inner margin with 8 tines and two longer apical tines directed forward; bases joined by tangential ridges. Small basal knob present. Stoma length about one time lip region diameter. Stomatal parts less well discernible. Cheilorhabdia oval in median section; metastegostom with a prominent dorsal denticle. Pharyngeal corpus cylindrical-fusiform with wide lumen; isthmus narrow, often wrinkled, demarcated from corpus by a break in muscular tissue; bulb oval with valves. Cardia enveloped by intestinal tissue. Nerve ring and excretory pore at level of metacorpus to metacorpus-isthmus junction. Deirids at level of metacorpus to isthmus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC2B4DC28DA0B751F882" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4DC28DA0B50FF916" bold="true" box="[199,293,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Female.</emphasis>
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Reproductive system monodelphic, prodelphic, in a dextral position in relation to intestine. Ovary reflexed posteriorly at oviduct, straight or with a double flexure posterior to vulva. Spermatheca and postvulval uterine sac well developed. Vulval lips slightly protruding. Phasmids located at about 15 to 30% of tail length. Tail conoid with 12–16 ventral annuli, tail terminus minutely rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F91813BC284DC28C30B696FF7E" blockId="1.[151,1437,836,2016]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B956EAEB1813BC2B4DC28C30B521F8E6" bold="true" box="[199,267,1845,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="331">Male.</emphasis>
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Reproductive system monorchic, dextral in position; testis reflexed ventrad anteriorly. Spicules paired and symmetrical, curved ventrad; with oval manubrium and subcylindrical, gradually narrowing shaft. Gubernaculum plate-like. Genital papillae distributed as follows: one ventrosublateral pair at level of cloaca, and two ventrosublateral precloacal pairs at
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<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1813BC2B4CDA8CA4B678F812" box="[479,594,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="30.0">30–33 µm</quantity>
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and at
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<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1813BC2B4FA18CA4B73DF812" box="[676,791,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="62.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="61.0">61–63 µm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to cloaca; a single midventral papilla on anterior cloacal lip; two pairs (one subventral and one lateral pair) at mid-tail; three pairs (one subdorsal, one subventral and one lateral pair) near tail terminus. Phasmids located at about two-fifths of tail length. Tail strongly curved ventrad, conoid with pointed, minutely rounded terminus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D66711810BC284D928CAEB4EAF841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363261/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="332" startId="2.[151,250,1963,1988]" targetBox="[165,1420,246,1936]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91810BC284D928CAEB4EAF841" blockId="2.[151,1436,1963,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1810BC284D928CAEB538F86D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1963,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="332">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1810BC284C128CA9B677F86D" authority="Loof, 1964" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[279,605,1963,1988]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="332" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1810BC284C128CA9B5CFF86D" box="[279,485,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="332">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081810BC284CEF8CAEB677F86D" author="Loof, P. A. A." box="[490,605,1963,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="332" pagination="201 - 300" refId="ref8822" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1964) Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica, 10, 201 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 x 00042" type="journal article" year="1964">Loof, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Pharyngeal region. B. Female gonad. C. Female tail. D. Male tail. Scale bar=20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D66711811BC294D928FCCB61AFA83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363263/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" startId="3.[151,250,1225,1250]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1205]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91811BC294D928FCCB61AFA83" blockId="3.[151,1436,1225,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294D928FCCB539FB4B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1225,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1811BC294C1F8FCCB649FB4B" authority="Loof, 1964" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[282,611,1225,1250]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294C1F8FCCB5C3FB48" box="[282,489,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081811BC294CF58FCCB649FB4B" author="Loof, P. A. A." box="[496,611,1225,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="201 - 300" refId="ref8822" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1964) Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica, 10, 201 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 x 00042" type="journal article" year="1964">Loof, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SEM micrographs. A. Anterior end, lateral view (ventral right). B. Anterior end, lateral view (ventral left). C. Female tail (arrow indicates phasmid). D. Lateral field (arrow indicates deirid). E. Vulva and lateral field, subventral view. Scale bars=5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91811BC294DC28E52B74BF973" blockId="3.[151,1437,1367,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294DC28E52B510FADB" bold="true" box="[199,314,1367,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(supplemented with literature data).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1811BC294FE28E5DB7E4FADB" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[743,974,1368,1394]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294FE28E5DB7E4FADB" box="[743,974,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by a
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1811BC2949CA8E52B14BFADB" box="[1231,1377,1367,1394]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="525.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="400.0">400–650 µm</quantity>
|
||
long body in females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1811BC294C8C8E7EB630FA3F" box="[393,538,1403,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.47" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="447.0" valueMax="459.0" valueMin="435.0">435–459 µm</quantity>
|
||
in males; cuticle coarsely annulated; annuli with incised margins; lateral field with three incisures (two wings), the outer crenate, areolate, extending almost to tail terminus in both sexes; six triangular lips arranged in three pairs; pairs of lips separated by primary axils with two triangular-elongate guarding processes; secondary axils separating the lips of the pair with two triangular-elongate guarding processes; each lip asymmetrically triangular, with about 12–13 tines along its margin: 4–5 short tines and one longer apical tine facing the primary axil, 5 short tines and one long tine in the middle facing the secondary axil; three labial probolae, deeply bifurcate into two prongs having an outer margin with 10 tines, an inner margin with 8 tines and two longer apical tines directed forward; pharyngeal corpus 3.0–4.4 times isthmus length; nerve ring and excretory pore at level of metacorpus to metacorpus-isthmus junction; deirids at level of metacorpus to isthmus; spermatheca
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1811BC2949EE8D99B177F91F" box="[1259,1373,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="21.0">21–42 µm</quantity>
|
||
long; postvulval uterine sac
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1811BC294C978DC5B62FF973" box="[402,517,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="24.0">24–63 µm</quantity>
|
||
long; spicules
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1811BC294FAB8DC5B70BF973" box="[686,801,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 µm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91811BC294DC28DE1B00FF853" blockId="3.[151,1437,1367,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294DC28DE1B511F957" bold="true" box="[199,315,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The population collected from sand in the Kelso Dunes area, Mojave Desert, California and described here, agrees in many respects with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1811BC294F9B8C0DB6E4F88B" box="[670,718,1800,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1811BC294E6B8C0DB07BF88B" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[878,1105,1800,1826]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294E6B8C0DB07BF88B" box="[878,1105,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33576691811BC2948028C0DB150F88B" box="[1287,1402,1800,1826]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081811BC294D928C29B508F8EE" author="Loof, P. A. A." box="[151,290,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="201 - 300" refId="ref8822" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1964) Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica, 10, 201 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 x 00042" type="journal article" year="1964">Loof (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. One major difference is that no males were found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1811BC294E988C29B7E7F8EF" box="[925,973,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
population. Another difference is that the cuticle is described as divided into blocks by longitudinal striae in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1811BC294EAB8C55B7F4F8C3" box="[942,990,1872,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens. However, the brevity of the original description and poor state of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1811BC294F3A8C71B645F827" box="[575,623,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material has already caused much speculation about the exact morphology of cuticle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1811BC294C5C8C9DB5CDF81B" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[345,487,1944,1970]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294C5C8C9DB5CDF81B" box="[345,487,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081811BC294CF38C9DB6FCF81B" author="Rashid, F. & Heyns, J. & Coomans, A." box="[502,726,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref8936" refString="Rashid, F., Heyns, J. & Coomans, A. (1990 a) Paracrobeles and Acrobeles species from South West Africa / Namibia with a description of a new Acrobeles species (Nematoda: Cephalobidae). Phytophylactica, 22, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Rashid
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294F4B8C9CB6AAF81B" box="[590,640,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Mundo-Ocampo
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC294EA68C9CB7FFF81B" box="[931,981,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003). Due to the absence of any other diagnostic differences between recent specimens and the original description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1811BC2949098CB9B0B5F87F" box="[1036,1183,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1811BC2949098CB9B0B1F87F" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[1036,1179,1980,2006]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">A. undulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and until new material from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1811BC294DFB8CE5B504F853" box="[254,302,2016,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality can be obtained, we consider both populations conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D66711816BC2E4D928D59B775F917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" startId="4.[151,250,1628,1653]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1609]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91816BC2E4D928D59B775F917" blockId="4.[151,1436,1628,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4D928D59B539F9DC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1816BC2E4C1F8D58B64EF9DC" authority="Loof, 1964" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[282,612,1628,1653]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4C1F8D58B5C0F9DC" box="[282,490,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">Acrobeles undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081816BC2E4CF58D59B64EF9DC" author="Loof, P. A. A." box="[496,612,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" pagination="201 - 300" refId="ref8822" refString="Loof, P. A. A. (1964) Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela. Nematologica, 10, 201 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 x 00042" type="journal article" year="1964">Loof, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, photomicrographs. A-B. Labial region and anterior cuticle of a male at different focus levels. B-C. Labial region and anterior cuticle of a female at different focus levels. E-G. Anterior cuticle and the beginning of lateral field of a female at different focus levels. Scale bars=20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F91816BC2E4DC28DE9B05AF813" blockId="4.[151,1437,1771,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">
|
||
A female population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1816BC2E4CD78DE9B675F8AF" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[466,607,1772,1798]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4CD78DE9B675F8AF" box="[466,607,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33576691816BC2E4E7A8DE9B786F8AF" box="[895,940,1772,1798]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B081816BC2E4ED08DEEB0F9F8AF" author="Amirzadi, N. & Shokoohi, E. & Abolafia, J." box="[981,1235,1771,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" pagination="3 - 26" refId="ref8224" refString="Amirzadi, N., Shokoohi, E. & Abolafia, J. (2013) Description of nine species of the family Cephalobidae (Nematoda, Rhabditida) and morphometric analysis in the genus Acrobeles von Linstow, 1877. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 65 (1), 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Amirzadi
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E49438DE9B05DF8AF" box="[1094,1143,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These specimens have a shorter body than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5499885B1816BC2E4CDD8C15B622F883" box="[472,520,1808,1834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and those from Kelso Dunes, other differences are: cuticle slightly tessellated, this more apparent in neck region, annules narrower (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1816BC2E4E588C31B79CF8E7" box="[861,950,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 µm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4EBB8C31B7FFF8E4" box="[958,981,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDA9B1C1816BC2E4EDB8C31B049F8E7" box="[990,1123,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
), non-areolated lateral field as evidenced in drawings and photographs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4F918C5DB681F8D8" box="[660,683,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">vs</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly areolated), more posterior phasmid position in females (15–33% of tail length
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4C998C79B599F83C" box="[412,435,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">vs</emphasis>
|
||
32–40% of tail length). All these differences suggest that the population from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33576691816BC2E48208C79B178F83F" box="[1317,1362,1916,1942]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
represents a different species and it is therefore not included in the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D7A1816BC2E4EDE8CA5B042F813" authorityName="Loof" authorityYear="1964" box="[987,1128,1952,1978]" class="Secernentea" family="Cephalobidae" genus="Acrobeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAEB1816BC2E4EDE8CA5B042F813" box="[987,1128,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="334">A. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |