treatments-xml/data/03/8B/87/038B8795EF2DFF9B7A142350D115FEFD.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626288" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18da11d0-0502-4ec4-ab8e-5268df5f58f4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626288" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:193B8DF5-31BD-4BE6-AAD5-34A6DF872681" checkinTime="1468421397025" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stephen J. Walsh &amp; Prosanta Chakrabarty" docDate="2016" docId="038B8795EF2DFF9B7A142350D115FEFD" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.104.2.506p.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 104 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Caecieleotris morrisi Walsh &amp; Chakrabarty, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="193B8DF5-31BD-4BE6-AAD5-34A6DF872681" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="514" masterDocId="FFB2FFEDEF2FFF9279202262D23DFFD2" masterDocTitle="A New Genus and Species of Blind Sleeper (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Oaxaca, Mexico: First Obligate Cave Gobiiform in the Western Hemisphere" masterLastPageNumber="517" masterPageNumber="506" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" updateTime="1635598766195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A New Genus and Species of Blind Sleeper (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Oaxaca, Mexico: First Obligate Cave Gobiiform in the Western Hemisphere</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stephen J. Walsh</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Prosanta Chakrabarty</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Copeia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>104</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>506</mods:start>
<mods:end>517</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1643/CI-15-275</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">18da11d0-0502-4ec4-ab8e-5268df5f58f4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269586</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3EC161B0-F18B-49C0-BD99-C706A7A03A87</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626288" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626288" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:193B8DF5-31BD-4BE6-AAD5-34A6DF872681" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B8795EF2DFF9B7A142350D115FEFD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="508" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1207,306,328]" box="[820,1207,306,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<heading bold="true" box="[820,1207,306,328]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1207,306,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1055,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<taxonomicName box="[820,1048,306,328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi" status="new species">Caecieleotris morrisi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1063,1207,306,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1490,366,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<number box="[1131,1176,367,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="193.0">193</number>
B 
<number box="[1193,1207,367,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
DF 
<number box="[1241,1296,366,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="18.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="5.0">5-31</number>
BD- 
<number box="[1343,1357,367,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="4.0">4</number>
BE 
<number box="[1388,1402,366,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
-AAD 
<number pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="19.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="5.0">5- 34</number>
A 
<number box="[866,878,396,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
<accessionNumber box="[877,988,396,419]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/DF872681" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
DF 
<number box="[911,988,396,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="872681.0">872681</number>
</accessionNumber>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="508" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1490,366,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
Oaxaca Cave Sleeper, 
<taxonomicName authority="Cueva" authorityName="Cueva" box="[1061,1221,426,449]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Guavina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guavina Cueva</taxonomicName>
de Oaxaca Figures 1, 2, 
<number box="[962,977,457,478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="3.0">3</number>
; 
<tableCitation box="[990,1069,456,479]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[103,151,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,197,936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Measurements and meristic counts of type specimens (n = 11) of Caecieleotris morrisi. Range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of measurements include values for the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" tableUuid="DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63">
Table 
<number box="[1055,1069,457,478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="508" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1490,511,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275220433" collectingDate="1995-04-16" collectorName="T. L. Morris" country="Mexico" latitude="18.1896056" location="submerged cave at the bottom of Presa Miguel Alema'n reservoir" longitude="-96.615556" municipality="Oaxaca State" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" specimenCode="CNPE-IBUNAM 19073" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,944,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<typeStatus box="[820,915,511,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Holotype</typeStatus>
.—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[945,1191,512,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
CNPE-IBUNAM 
<number box="[1123,1191,512,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="19073.0">19073</number>
</specimenCode>
(ex. 
<accessionNumber box="[1247,1370,512,534]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UF101173" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
UF 
<number box="[1285,1370,512,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="101173.0">101173</number>
</accessionNumber>
), 
<quantity box="[1390,1490,512,533]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="34.1">34.1 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingCountry box="[862,946,541,564]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[958,1104,542,563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Oaxaca State</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B8795EF2DFF9B7A142350D115FEFD:8EFD6058EF2DFF907D7C207FD6CDFD83" country="Mexico" municipality="Oaxaca State" name="submerged cave at the bottom of Presa Miguel Alema'n reservoir" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">submerged cave at the bottom of Presa Miguel Alema'n reservoir</location>
, approximately 
<geoCoordinate box="[820,984,599,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<number box="[820,883,602,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="18811.0">18811</number>
&quot; 
<number box="[890,951,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="22.58">22.58</number>
&quot;&quot; N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[996,1165,599,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<number box="[996,1059,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="96836.0">96836</number>
&quot; 
<number box="[1066,1127,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="56.02">56.02</number>
&quot;&quot; W
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1176,1331,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1995-04-16">
<collectingDate box="[1176,1331,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1995-04-16">
<number box="[1176,1203,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="16.0">16</number>
April 
<number box="[1274,1331,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1995.0">1995</number>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1343,1474,601,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">T. L. Morris</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1490,656,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,954,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<typeStatus box="[820,925,657,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.—
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[954,1035,657,678]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
<number box="[1045,1113,656,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="17726.0">17726</number>
(ex 
<accessionNumber box="[1167,1293,657,679]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UF101173" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
UF 
<date box="[1208,1293,657,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="73-10-11">
<number box="[1208,1293,657,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="101173.0">101173</number>
</date>
</accessionNumber>
), 
<number box="[1315,1329,657,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
, 28.0 mm SL; 
<accessionNumber box="[820,943,687,708]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UF101173" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
UF 
<date box="[858,943,687,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="73-10-11">101173</date>
</accessionNumber>
, 9, 
<quantity box="[983,1143,686,709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" metricValueMax="3.16" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="21.6" valueMax="31.6" valueMin="11.6">11.6–31.6 mm</quantity>
SL (
<number box="[1193,1205,687,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
CS, 
<quantity box="[1256,1356,687,708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
SL); 
<collectionCode box="[1412,1490,687,708]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">UMMZ</collectionCode>
<date box="[820,905,717,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="74-11-23">231174</date>
, 2, 
<quantity box="[948,1109,717,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" metricValueMax="2.9899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="24.6" valueMax="29.9" valueMin="19.3">19.3–29.9 mm</quantity>
SL. Same locality and date as the 
<typeStatus box="[820,922,746,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="508" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1490,801,854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,953,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
Species diagnosis is that of the monotypic genus, with character states of 
<taxonomicName box="[1086,1213,831,853]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="new genus">
<emphasis box="[1086,1213,831,853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Caecieleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as stated above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1491,886,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,969,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Description.—</emphasis>
Selected proportional measurements presented in 
<tableCitation box="[860,953,916,939]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[103,151,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,197,936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Measurements and meristic counts of type specimens (n = 11) of Caecieleotris morrisi. Range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of measurements include values for the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" tableUuid="DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63">
Table 
<number box="[936,953,916,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
</tableCitation>
. A diminutive, anophthalmic, unpigmented eleotrid. Size range of 
<typeStatus box="[1090,1138,947,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">type</typeStatus>
specimens 
<quantity box="[1278,1444,946,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.285" metricValueMax="3.41" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="22.85" valueMax="34.1" valueMin="11.6">11.6–34.1 mm</quantity>
SL. Body slender, relatively elongate, laterally compressed, body depth at pelvic-fin origin 
<number box="[1131,1240,1006,1029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="16.4" valueMax="18.6" valueMin="14.2">14.2–18.6</number>
% SL (
<figureCitation box="[1321,1384,1006,1029]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[142,169,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1445,130,1918]" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Caecieleotris morrisi, CNPE-IBUNAM 19073, 34.1 mm SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
Fig. 
<number box="[1375,1384,1007,1029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Body width at pectoral-fin origin 
<number box="[1133,1241,1036,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="14.5" valueMax="17.4" valueMin="11.6">11.6–17.4</number>
% SL. Head broad and moderately depressed, shovel-shaped, head width 
<number pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="61.150000000000006" valueMax="68.2" valueMin="54.1">54.1– 68.2</number>
% HL. Snout prominently upturned. Dorsal profile of head straight to weakly concave. Ventral profile of head weakly convex. Dorsal and ventral profiles of body posterior to pectoral fins gradually tapered, nearly symmetrical except for position of median fins, body depth only slightly reduced from pectoral-fin insertion to anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle relatively shallow (depth 
<number box="[1135,1217,1278,1299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.9" valueMax="8.4" valueMin="7.4">7.4–8.4</number>
% SL) and narrow (width 
<number box="[820,902,1307,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="4.15" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="2.9">2.9–5.4</number>
% SL). Deep fleshy groove on ventral side of body from pectoral-fin insertion to anal-fin origin, with a keel-like midventral flap of skin, possibly representing artifact of shrinkage following preservation or presence of little or no food in the gut of individuals when preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1491,886,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
Meristic characters exclude data for the two smallest, presumably juvenile, 
<typeStatus box="[1064,1169,1490,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<accessionNumber box="[1186,1313,1490,1511]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UF101173" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
UF 
<date box="[1228,1313,1490,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="73-10-11">
<number box="[1228,1313,1490,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="101173.0">101173</number>
</date>
</accessionNumber>
; 
<quantity box="[1327,1490,1489,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="11.6">11.6–11.9 mm</quantity>
SL) and include only partial data for two other 
<typeStatus box="[1385,1490,1520,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode box="[827,907,1550,1571]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">UMMZ</collectionCode>
<date box="[916,1002,1550,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="74-11-23">
<number box="[916,1002,1550,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="231174.0">231174</number>
</date>
). Values for 
<typeStatus box="[1145,1244,1549,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">holotype</typeStatus>
indicated by asterisk, number of specimens parenthetically as follows. First dorsalfin elements modally VI: V (
<number box="[1139,1153,1609,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
), VI* (
<number box="[1227,1242,1609,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
); spines thin, flexible. Second dorsal-fin elements modally I, 
<number box="[1236,1252,1641,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
: I, 
<number box="[1276,1289,1640,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
* (
<number box="[1317,1332,1640,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
), I, 
<number box="[1367,1380,1640,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
(
<number box="[1396,1411,1640,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
). Analfin ray elements modally I, 
<number box="[1127,1142,1670,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
: I, 
<number box="[1169,1183,1670,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
(
<number box="[1203,1214,1670,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), I, 
<number box="[1253,1267,1671,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
(
<number box="[1285,1300,1670,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
), I, 
<number box="[1336,1349,1670,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
* (
<number box="[1378,1393,1670,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
), I, 
<number box="[1430,1444,1670,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="9.0">9</number>
(
<number box="[1463,1474,1670,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), I, 
<number box="[834,862,1701,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="10.0">10</number>
(
<number box="[879,891,1701,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
). Pelvic-fin elements I, 
<number box="[1141,1154,1700,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
* (
<number box="[1181,1209,1701,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="11.0">11</number>
). Spines in second dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins feeble, thin, flexible. Pectoral-fin rays modally 
<number box="[932,964,1761,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="14.0">14</number>
: 
<number box="[984,1013,1761,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="13.0">13</number>
(
<number box="[1038,1054,1761,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="4.0">4</number>
), 
<number box="[1085,1114,1761,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="14.0">14</number>
(
<number box="[1140,1156,1760,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
), 
<number box="[1187,1214,1760,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="15.0">15</number>
* (
<number box="[1253,1265,1761,1783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
). Upper principal (segmented) caudal-fin rays modally 
<number box="[1243,1259,1790,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
: 
<number box="[1274,1288,1790,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
(
<number box="[1309,1320,1791,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1346,1359,1790,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
* (
<number box="[1389,1404,1791,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
), 
<number box="[1428,1442,1791,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
(
<number box="[1462,1476,1791,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="3.0">3</number>
). Lower principal caudal-fin rays modally 
<number box="[1265,1281,1820,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
: 
<number box="[1293,1305,1820,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
* (
<number box="[1332,1347,1821,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="4.0">4</number>
), 
<number box="[1368,1382,1820,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
(
<number box="[1397,1411,1820,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
), 
<number box="[1432,1446,1822,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
(
<number box="[1462,1477,1821,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
). Upper procurrent caudal-fin rays modally 
<number box="[1281,1297,1851,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
: 
<number box="[1307,1321,1851,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
(
<number box="[1337,1348,1851,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1370,1384,1851,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
(
<number box="[1399,1413,1851,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="3.0">3</number>
), 
<number box="[1433,1447,1852,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="7.0">7</number>
(
<number box="[1462,1477,1851,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
), 
<number box="[820,832,1882,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="8.0">8</number>
* (
<number box="[860,875,1881,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
). Branchiostegals modally 
<number box="[1168,1184,1881,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
: 
<number box="[1196,1210,1882,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="4.0">4</number>
(
<number box="[1226,1237,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1259,1273,1881,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.0">5</number>
(
<number box="[1289,1300,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1323,1336,1881,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
* (
<number box="[1362,1377,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="9.0">9</number>
). Scales in lateral series modally 
<number box="[1057,1087,1912,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="27.0">27</number>
: 
<number box="[1098,1125,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="25.0">25</number>
(
<number box="[1141,1156,1912,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
), 
<number box="[1176,1203,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="26.0">26</number>
(
<number box="[1220,1231,1912,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1254,1281,1912,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="27.0">27</number>
(
<number box="[1297,1311,1912,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="3.0">3</number>
), 
<number box="[1331,1358,1912,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="28.0">28</number>
* (
<number box="[1385,1396,1912,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
), 
<number box="[1419,1446,1912,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="31.0">31</number>
(
<number box="[1462,1477,1912,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2.0">2</number>
), 
<number box="[820,847,1942,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="32.0">32</number>
(
<number box="[865,877,1942,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="1.0">1</number>
). Scales on body cycloid, large (
<number box="[1227,1267,1941,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6</number>
transverse scales on midside of body), imbricate, thin, tightly appressed to body. Circumferential caudal peduncle scales modally 
<number box="[1363,1393,2002,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="10.0">10</number>
: 
<number box="[1407,1433,2002,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="10.0">10</number>
* (
<number box="[1462,1477,2001,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="6.0">6</number>
),
</paragraph>
<caption box="[142,1516,1948,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" targetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[142,196,1948,1968]" box="[142,196,1948,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">
<heading bold="true" box="[142,196,1948,1968]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,196,1948,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">
Fig. 
<number box="[180,191,1949,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" value="1.0">1</number>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[217,1516,1948,1968]" box="[217,1516,1948,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[217,1516,1948,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">
<typeStatus box="[217,302,1949,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName box="[335,527,1948,1968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[335,527,1948,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="509">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CNPE-IBUNAM 
<number box="[685,747,1949,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" value="19073.0">19073</number>
, 
<quantity box="[759,846,1949,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="34.1">34.1 mm</quantity>
SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" targetBox="[303,1290,130,1485]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[103,1490,1515,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
Fig. 2. Neurocranium in dorsal view of (A) 
<taxonomicName box="[508,700,1515,1535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[508,700,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF 101173, paratype) and (B) 
<taxonomicName box="[998,1152,1515,1535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perniger">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[998,1152,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">Eleotris perniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF 27603). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, frontal; o, anophthalmic orbital region, illustrating thin, rod-like ossification in (A) in comparison to broad, laminar shelf in (B). Scale bars
</emphasis>
= 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="4.[103,773,1589,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
<number box="[103,130,1590,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="11.0">11</number>
(
<number box="[148,164,1590,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="4.0">4</number>
). Total vertebrae modally 
<number box="[458,488,1590,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="24.0">24</number>
: 
<number box="[501,528,1590,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="24.0">24</number>
* (
<number box="[556,571,1589,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="6.0">6</number>
), 
<number box="[593,620,1589,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="25.0">25</number>
(
<number box="[639,653,1590,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="3.0">3</number>
). Rib pairs modally 
<number box="[201,217,1619,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="6.0">6</number>
: 
<number box="[229,243,1619,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="6.0">6</number>
(
<number box="[260,275,1620,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="4.0">4</number>
), 
<number box="[296,308,1620,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="8.0">8</number>
* (
<number box="[336,351,1620,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="2.0">2</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[103,773,1589,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[859,1530,131,2024]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
Head large, its length 
<number box="[375,483,1648,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="35.85" valueMax="42.5" valueMin="29.2">29.2–42.5</number>
% SL. Dorsum of snout at midline forming a small raised bump, extending posteriorly a short distance along midline as a weakly ossified ridge. Snout broadly crescentic in dorsal view (
<figureCitation box="[512,576,1737,1760]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[142,169,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1445,130,1918]" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Caecieleotris morrisi, CNPE-IBUNAM 19073, 34.1 mm SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
Fig. 
<number box="[566,576,1737,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Mouth large, superior, length of both jaws about one-third HL; mouth distinctly upturned, midline of lower jaw projecting anterior to midline of upper jaw. Posterior edges of jaws curved gently inward in ventral view (
<figureCitation box="[411,480,1854,1877]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[142,169,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1445,130,1918]" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Caecieleotris morrisi, CNPE-IBUNAM 19073, 34.1 mm SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="510">
Fig. 
<number box="[469,480,1855,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Lips relatively thin, prominent groove between upper lip and anterodorsal part of head, frenum present at midline. Basihyal reaching to approximately midway between tip of snout and rear margin of jaw. Teeth in upper and lower jaw conical, slender, sharp, uniform in size, slightly recurved inward, in 
<number box="[629,668,2002,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
irregular rows. Gill rakers short, blunt, denticulate at terminal end; gill filaments also short, about 
<number box="[1125,1164,1620,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4</number>
times length of rakers. Nares large and prominent, anterior naris a broad tube extending above upper lip and angled forward about 
<number box="[1305,1340,1678,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="510" value="458.0">458</number>
from sagittal plane of head, with thin fleshy flap surrounding oval opening. Posterior naris a large, oval to circular, dorsaloriented opening lacking marginal flap. Nasal rosette and broad tubular connection between anterior and posterior nares readily visible through unpigmented skin. Brain visible beneath skin on top of head, detailed structure not readily visible eternally, but olfactory lobes, cerebellum, and hindbrain evident; optic lobes presumed reduced. Olfactory nerve well developed. Narrow posterior process of mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid articulating with long, closely apposed frontals, together forming a narrow median keel-like ossification connecting the upper jaw bones with the rear of the skull (
<figureCitation box="[209,270,1790,1813]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[303,1290,130,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[302,1291,130,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Neurocranium in dorsal view of (A) Caecieleotris morrisi (UF 101173, paratype) and (B) Eleotris perniger (UF 27603). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, frontal; o, anophthalmic orbital region, illustrating thin, rod-like ossification in (A) in comparison to broad, laminar shelf in (B). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[257,270,1790,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
A), much thinner than in 
<taxonomicName box="[564,639,1790,1812]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[564,639,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Eleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[654,715,1790,1813]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[303,1290,130,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[302,1291,130,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Neurocranium in dorsal view of (A) Caecieleotris morrisi (UF 101173, paratype) and (B) Eleotris perniger (UF 27603). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, frontal; o, anophthalmic orbital region, illustrating thin, rod-like ossification in (A) in comparison to broad, laminar shelf in (B). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[701,715,1790,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Large oval foramen on dorsum of head in anophthalmic orbital region (
<figureCitation box="[226,284,1850,1873]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[303,1290,130,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[302,1291,130,1486]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Neurocranium in dorsal view of (A) Caecieleotris morrisi (UF 101173, paratype) and (B) Eleotris perniger (UF 27603). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, frontal; o, anophthalmic orbital region, illustrating thin, rod-like ossification in (A) in comparison to broad, laminar shelf in (B). Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[271,284,1851,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
A), on each side of longitudinal midline, formed in unossified area surrounded by jaw apparatus anteriorly, frontals medially, suspensorium posteriorly and ventrolaterally, overlain by thin opaque yellow musculature and integument. No eyes visible externally in most specimens, but some individuals with a minute spherical black lens located on either side dorsally just below the epidermis, slightly medial to point midway between side of head and center of frontal, at a longitudinal distance of about onethird from tip of the snout to posterior margin of opercle. Opercular openings large, thin opercular membranes nearly separate, only narrowly joined anteroventrally to isthmus. Posteriorly, opercular membrane attached to body anterodorsal to pectoral-fin origin. Branchiostegals acicular, flexible; anterior 
<number box="[1005,1044,369,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2</number>
shortest, posterior-most 
<number box="[1326,1365,369,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4</number>
longer, gently curved dorsolaterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[859,1530,131,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Lateral line and cephalic pores absent. Head and body with profuse distribution of sensory papillae in discrete vertical, transverse, horizontal, and oblique rows. The head papillae pattern is essentially the transverse 
<typeStatus box="[1304,1353,518,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">type</typeStatus>
following the nomenclature of 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F." box="[1077,1240,547,569]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" pagination="223 - 230" part="35" refString="Hoese, D. F. 1983. Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes. Records of the Australian Museum 35: 223 - 230." title="Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes" type="journal article" year="1983">
Hoese (
<number box="[1171,1232,547,569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="1983.0">1983</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, but it is unknown if individual lines of papillae are homologous with numbered series as described for many other gobiiforms. The following description is based on a specimen illustrated in Figure 
<number box="[1467,1481,636,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="3.0">3</number>
and the 
<typeStatus box="[912,1012,665,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation box="[1036,1106,665,688]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[142,169,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1445,130,1918]" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Caecieleotris morrisi, CNPE-IBUNAM 19073, 34.1 mm SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[1093,1106,666,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
). Sensory papillae system forming marked relief on dorsolateral aspect of snout and anterior portion of head, with rows of papillae developed on prominent fleshy ridges; 
<number box="[1137,1176,754,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
ridges in preorbital region with papillae elevated on each ridge in a semicircular pattern from the dorsolateral edge of the head extending around to the ventrolateral aspect of the chin (
<figureCitation box="[1222,1282,843,866]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="5.[142,169,1589,1609]" captionTargetBox="[142,811,130,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[142,812,130,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Pattern of sensory head papillae series on head of Caecieleotris morrisi, drawn from composite of UF 101173 (31.6 mm SL, paratype) and CNPE-IBUNAM 19073 (34.1 mm SL, holotype) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Dorsal fin omitted from (B). Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[1270,1282,844,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="3.0">3</number>
</figureCitation>
A), with an additional dorso-ventral oriented ridge of papillae in an approximately sagittal plane nearly equal to or just behind the posterior margin of the brain (
<figureCitation box="[1112,1178,932,955]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="5.[142,169,1589,1609]" captionTargetBox="[142,811,130,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[142,812,130,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Pattern of sensory head papillae series on head of Caecieleotris morrisi, drawn from composite of UF 101173 (31.6 mm SL, paratype) and CNPE-IBUNAM 19073 (34.1 mm SL, holotype) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Dorsal fin omitted from (B). Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[1165,1178,933,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="3.0">3</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Top of snout with a short longitudinal series of papillae on each side extending from a plane just in front of the anterior naris to a plane approaching the rear margin of the posterior naris, and another short row of papillae distributed laterally and obliquely from each longitudinal series toward the posterior naris. A parallel, oblique row of papillae posterior to the latter, extending from the mid-dorsal to lateral preorbital region of the head. Three irregular horizontal series of papillae on the ventrolateral side of the head, the top two broken, the lower continuous from the posterior margin of the jaw to above the origin of the preopercle and posteriormost branchiostegals; the uppermost of these may correspond to the upper horizontal line (
<collectionCode box="[1247,1296,1319,1341]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13523" name="Louisiana Tech University" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">LTU</collectionCode>
) and the lower to the lower horizontal line (
<collectionCode box="[1101,1146,1349,1371]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13477" name="La Trobe University" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">LTB</collectionCode>
) as described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F." box="[1329,1475,1349,1371]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" pagination="223 - 230" part="35" refString="Hoese, D. F. 1983. Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes. Records of the Australian Museum 35: 223 - 230." title="Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes" type="journal article" year="1983">
Hoese (
<number box="[1409,1467,1349,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="1983.0">1983</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Five vertical rows of papillae on the ventrolateral side of the head distributed from posterior edge of the jaw to anterior edge of the opercle, apparently corresponding to vertical transverse lines (VT) of 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F." box="[1007,1156,1468,1490]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" pagination="223 - 230" part="35" refString="Hoese, D. F. 1983. Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes. Records of the Australian Museum 35: 223 - 230." title="Sensory papilla patterns of the cheek lateralis system in the gobiid fishes Acentrogobius and Glossogobius, and their significance for the classification of gobioid fishes" type="journal article" year="1983">
Hoese (
<number box="[1090,1148,1468,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="1983.0">1983</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Lateral margin of opercle with a semicircular pattern of papillae in a continuous dorsolateral, vertical, and ventrolateral row. Posterior half of top of head with single longitudinal row and irregular, transverse or obliquely directed papillae distributed mid-medially, posterolateral to brain, and dorsally above each opercle. Preopercular mandibular series consisting of multiple lines of transverse papillae medial to longitudinal line extending from near anterior end of lower jaw to lateral opercular margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="5.[142,169,1589,1609]" captionTargetBox="[142,811,130,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[142,812,130,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Pattern of sensory head papillae series on head of Caecieleotris morrisi, drawn from composite of UF 101173 (31.6 mm SL, paratype) and CNPE-IBUNAM 19073 (34.1 mm SL, holotype) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Dorsal fin omitted from (B). Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 
<number box="[859,872,1735,1757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" value="3.0">3</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Two dorsolateral rows of papillae, one above and the other just posterior to base of pectoral fin. Single longitudinal row of papillae on each side of middorsal ridge above and just posterior to base of pectoral fin. About five vertical to transverse rows of papillae extending from midlateral region of each side to ventromedial region of abdomen distributed approximately equally between pectoral-fin insertion and urogenital papilla. Additional irregularly spaced vertical rows of papillae distributed along sides of body from plane passing through second dorsal and anal fins to caudal peduncle.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" targetBox="[142,811,130,1559]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,812,1589,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">
Fig. 3. Pattern of sensory head papillae series on head of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="511">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, drawn from composite of UF 101173 (31.6 mm SL, paratype) and CNPE-IBUNAM 19073 (34.1 mm SL, holotype) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Dorsal fin omitted from (B). Scale bar
</emphasis>
= 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D660BEF29FF94794722E1D01AFF63" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" targetBox="[103,1490,197,936]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,1490,130,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,746,131,151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
Table 2. Measurements and meristic counts of type specimens (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[734,746,132,151]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">n</emphasis>
</emphasis>
= 11) of 
<taxonomicName box="[844,1037,130,150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1037,130,150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of measurements include values for the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,1490,130,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<table box="[103,1490,197,936]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<tr box="[103,1490,197,218]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th box="[693,927,197,218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[762,858,197,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<typeStatus box="[762,858,197,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,233,255]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[693,927,233,255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[693,927,233,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
CNPE-IBUNAM 
<number box="[857,927,233,254]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="19073.0">19073</number>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,233,255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1069,1135,234,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Range</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,233,255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1276,1336,234,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,233,255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1458,1488,233,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">SD</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,283,305]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Standard length (SL, mm)</th>
<td box="[693,927,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">34.1</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,283,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">19.3–34.1</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,283,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">27.0</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,283,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,312,334]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th box="[103,572,312,334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Percent SL</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,341,391]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,341,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Head length (HL) Pre anal-fin length</th>
<td box="[693,927,341,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">34.4 60.1</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,341,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">29.2–42.5 56.5–67.8</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,341,391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">35.6 62.4</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,341,391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">3.2 3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,398,420]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,398,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Pre spinous-dorsal fin length</th>
<td box="[693,927,398,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">45.5</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,398,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">42.7–50.0</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,398,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">46.1</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,398,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,427,477]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,427,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Pre rayed-dorsal fin length Pre pelvic-fin length</th>
<td box="[693,927,427,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">60.1 30.8</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,427,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">58.5–61.9 29.8–33.9</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,427,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">59.9 32.1</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,427,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">1.2 1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,484,506]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,484,506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Pre pectoral-fin length</th>
<td box="[693,927,484,506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">29.3</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,484,506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">28.8–35.6</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,484,506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">31.1</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,484,506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,513,563]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,513,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Pectoral-fin origin to spinous dorsal-fin origin Body depth at pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td box="[693,927,513,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">8.0 17.6</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,513,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">7.8–11.8 14.2–18.6</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,513,563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">9.4 16.4</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,513,563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">1.1 1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,570,592]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,570,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td box="[693,927,570,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">7.8</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,570,592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">7.4–8.4</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,570,592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">7.9</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,570,592]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,599,678]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,599,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Caudal peduncle length Caudal peduncle width Body width at pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td box="[693,927,599,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">17.6 4.4 13.5</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,599,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">17.6–28.4 2.9–5.4 11.6–17.4</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,599,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">24.3 3.9 14.2</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,599,678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">3.5 0.7 1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,685,764]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,685,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Pectoral-fin length Pelvic-fin length Anal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[693,927,685,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">42.2 21.1 13.5</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,685,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">30.8–42.2 15.0–21.1 11.4–19.8</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,685,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">34.8 17.2 14.7</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,685,764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">3.3 1.9 2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,771,822]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,771,822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Spinous dorsal-fin base length Rayed dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[693,927,771,822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">9.4 15.0</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,771,822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">6.7–13.4 7.4–18.2</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,771,822]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">9.9 14.7</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,771,822]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">2.0 2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,829,850]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th box="[103,572,829,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Percent HL</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[103,1490,857,879]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,857,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Head width</th>
<td box="[693,927,857,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">63.4</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,857,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">54.1–68.2</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,857,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">62.7</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,857,879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[127,1490,886,936]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<th box="[103,572,886,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Upper jaw length Lower jaw length</th>
<td box="[693,927,886,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">36.1 37.4</td>
<td box="[1048,1156,886,936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">27.0–40.9 28.1–45.5</td>
<td box="[1276,1336,886,936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">31.2 33.1</td>
<td box="[1457,1490,886,936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">4.2 5.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,774,996,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
First dorsal-fin origin anterior to midpoint of body and vertical through tip of adducted pelvic rays, pre-spinousdorsal fin length 
<number box="[302,349,1055,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="42.7">42.7</number>
–50.0% SL, base of fin 
<number box="[615,710,1055,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="10.05" valueMax="13.4" valueMin="6.7">6.7–13.4</number>
% SL. Origin of second dorsal fin about equal with or slightly posterior to vertical plane passing through urogenital papilla, slightly anterior to origin of anal fin. Base of second dorsal fin 
<number box="[103,198,1175,1196]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="12.8" valueMax="18.2" valueMin="7.4">7.4–18.2</number>
% SL, longer than that of spinous dorsal but less than anal-fin base length. Both second dorsal and anal fins high, sinuous, broadly rounded, middle branched rays longest. Anal fin long, base length 
<number box="[521,629,1264,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="15.600000000000001" valueMax="19.8" valueMin="11.4">11.4–19.8</number>
% SL, origin slightly posterior to urogenital papilla, insertion slightly posterior to that of second dorsal fin. Caudal fin pointed to lanceolate, middle rays longest (sometimes considerably longer than others), terminal ends of rays frayed in some specimens (see 
<figureCitation box="[275,332,1412,1435]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[142,169,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[227,1445,130,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1445,130,1918]" captionText="Fig. 1. Holotype of Caecieleotris morrisi, CNPE-IBUNAM 19073, 34.1 mm SL, sex undetermined, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269587/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
Fig. 
<number box="[323,332,1413,1434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
A; in comparison, species of 
<taxonomicName box="[659,773,1414,1435]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Dormitator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[659,773,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Dormitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a broadly rounded fin, and species of 
<taxonomicName box="[583,658,1442,1464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[583,658,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Eleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Gobiomorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[198,286,1473,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Guavina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[198,286,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Guavina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a semi-truncate to rounded fin). Bases of pelvic fins apposed but fins separate (as in other eleotrids, compared to fused in most gobiids), jugular, anterior to plane passing through origin of pectoral-fin rays but about equal with anterior edge of thick anteromedial pectoral-fin musculature, posterior to symphysis of opercular membranes. Pelvic fin relatively long and ribbon-like, pointed, middle to posterior branched rays longest, tip of appressed fin not reaching to genital papilla. Pectoral-fin base obliquely vertical, origin (dorsal edge) slightly posterior to insertion (ventral edge), basal portion surrounding proximal radials projecting from body as fleshy appendage. Pectoral fins elongate and produced with filamentous rays, most pronounced in larger individuals, middle branched rays longest, tips of appressed fins reaching well posterior to anal-fin origin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,773,1972,2025]" lastBlockId="6.[820,1490,996,1079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,407,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Coloration in preservative.—</emphasis>
Head and body without pigmentation, uniformly white to yellowish and opaque in appearance. Fins translucent or transparent. Internal organs and musculature yellowish to amber; muscle bands evident where not obscured by squamation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="512" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,1110,1282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,961,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Etymology.—</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a patronym to honor our good friend and colleague Thomas L. Morris, discoverer and collector of this new species, renowned cave diver and speleobiologist, intrepid explorer, and respected conservationist devoted to the protection of karst habitats and their associated biotas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,1314,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis box="[820,1341,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1125,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Distribution and habitat.—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1341,1314,1336]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">Caecieleotris morrisi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is currently known from only a single cave system beneath Presa Miguel Alema'n reservoir, northern State of Oaxaca, 
<collectingCountry box="[1315,1399,1373,1396]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, located along the east side of the Sierra Mazateca front range (
<figureCitation box="[1415,1477,1403,1426]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="7.[142,169,830,850]" captionTargetBox="[142,812,130,799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[142,813,130,800]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Map of Presa Miguel Alemán and vicinity, Oaxaca, Mexico, type locality (vertical arrow) of Caecieleotris morrisi. Source: Wikimedia Commons (http: // en. wikipedia. org / wiki / File: Papaloapanrivermap. png)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
Fig. 
<number box="[1461,1477,1404,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
). The lake is sometimes also referred to as Temascal, name of an adjacent municipality (also known as Nuevo Soyaltepec) and associated hydroelectric plant. This artificial impoundment was created following the construction of Presa (=dam) Miguel Alema'n, a large dam on the Tonto River, major headwater tributary of the R'ıo Papaloapan draining into the southwestern Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[1086,1170,1613,1636]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Construction of the dam began in 
<number box="[926,981,1643,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="1949.0">1949</number>
and filling of the reservoir was completed in 
<number box="[820,878,1672,1695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="1955.0">1955</number>
. The 
<quantity box="[940,1012,1673,1694]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
(
<quantity box="[1028,1116,1672,1695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.299704" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="ft" value="2723.0">2,723 ft</quantity>
) long dam and 
<quantity box="[1296,1401,1672,1695]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="km" value="9300.0">9,300 km</quantity>
<number box="[1402,1412,1667,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="2.0">2</number>
(
<quantity metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779154304" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="mi" value="3591.0">3,591 mi</quantity>
<number box="[850,860,1697,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="2.0">2</number>
) reservoir provides hydroelectricity, flood control, and irrigation supply. The dam is operated in conjunction with the Cerro do Oro Dam (and associated 
<quantity box="[1291,1380,1762,1785]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="km" value="220.0">220 km</quantity>
2, 85 mi 
<number box="[1480,1490,1757,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="2.0">2</number>
reservoir) located on the Santo 
<collectingCountry box="[1197,1302,1792,1815]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Domingo</collectingCountry>
River, which is joined to Presa Miguel Alema'n reservoir by a short, narrow channel. The Tonto and Santo 
<collectingCountry box="[1180,1285,1852,1875]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">Domingo</collectingCountry>
rivers join to the south of the city of San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec to form the R'ıo Papaloapan, Mexico's second largest river (mean annual discharge 
<number box="[932,1022,1942,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="3.7331">3.73310</number>
<quantity box="[1022,1063,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
<number box="[1063,1073,1936,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="3.0">3</number>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, R. R. &amp; W. L. Minckley &amp; S. R. Norris" box="[1088,1288,1941,1964]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" refString="Miller, R. R., W. L. Minckley, and S. R. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="2005">
Miller et al., 
<number box="[1230,1288,1941,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,1314,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[142,812,989,1342]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">
The cave entrance at the 
<typeStatus box="[1141,1189,1973,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
locality lies at a depth of about 
<quantity box="[890,953,2001,2024]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="m" value="6.1">6.1 m</quantity>
(
<quantity box="[968,1021,2001,2024]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="6" pageNumber="512" unit="ft" value="20.0">20 ft</quantity>
) beneath a rocky bluff along the shoreline of the lake. Immediately within the cave, the depth descends to about 
<quantity box="[242,318,1020,1041]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="27.4">27.4 m</quantity>
(
<quantity box="[333,386,1019,1042]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" unit="ft" value="90.0">90 ft</quantity>
) before rising to a depth of about 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="12.2">12.2 m</quantity>
(
<quantity box="[180,235,1049,1072]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" unit="ft" value="40.0">40 ft</quantity>
) where it then levels off. Divers with the collecting party observed flowstone in the cave (sheet-like mineral deposits typically composed of calcite). This suggests that prior to impoundment the entrance might have been a highwater, wet season overflow, and that a lower (now deeper) entrance might exist that could have been a perennial artesian spring in pre-reservoir conditions (Tom Morris, pers. comm.). In addition to this cave the dive team explored a submerged sulfur spring nearby where, as expected, no higher taxa were observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269590/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" targetBox="[142,812,130,799]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[142,812,830,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
Fig. 4. Map of Presa Miguel Alemán and vicinity, Oaxaca, Mexico, type locality (vertical arrow) of 
<taxonomicName box="[414,612,856,876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[414,612,856,876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Source: Wikimedia Commons (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Papaloapanrivermap. png).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="513" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="7.[142,812,1373,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[859,1529,131,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,383,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Conservation status.—</emphasis>
All cavefish species of North 
<collectingCountry box="[722,812,1373,1396]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">America</collectingCountry>
are in some level of jeopardy due to endemic distributions and the vulnerability of subterranean habitats to land-use changes and environmental perturbations (
<bibRefCitation author="Jelks, H. L. &amp; S. J. Walsh &amp; N. M. Burkhead &amp; S. Contreras- Balderas &amp; Diaz-Pardo &amp; D. A. Hendrickson &amp; J. Lyons &amp; N. E. Mandarak &amp; F. McCormick &amp; J. S. Nelson &amp; S. P. Platania &amp; A. Porter &amp; J. J. Schmitter-Soto &amp; E. B. Taylor &amp; M. L. Warren, Jr" box="[618,800,1463,1486]" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="372 - 407" part="33" refString="Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras- Balderas, E. Diaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandarak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M. L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33: 372 - 407." title="Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes" type="journal article" year="2008">
Jelks et al., 
<number box="[742,800,1463,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), as is the general case with cavefishes globally (
<bibRefCitation author="Proudlove, G. S." journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="201 - 213" part="62" refString="Proudlove, G. S. 2001. The conservation status of hypogean fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 62: 201 - 213." title="The conservation status of hypogean fishes" type="journal article" year="2001">Proudlove, 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Proudlove, G. S." box="[211,270,1522,1545]" journalOrPublisher="International Society for Subterranean Biology, Moulis, France" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" refString="Proudlove, G. S. 2006. Subterranean fishes of the world: an account of the subterranean (hypogean) fishes described up to 2003 with a bibliography 1541 - 2004. International Society for Subterranean Biology, Moulis, France." title="Subterranean fishes of the world: an account of the subterranean (hypogean) fishes described up to 2003 with a bibliography 1541 - 2004" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
). Higher taxonomic groups (genera and families) with obligate cave-dwelling species have disproportionately high levels of imperilment in comparison to groups comprised primarily of epigean forms. Stygobitic ictalurids (
<taxonomicName box="[150,346,1642,1664]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Prietella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lundbergi">
<emphasis box="[150,346,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Prietella lundbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[369,533,1642,1664]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Prietella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phreatophila">
<emphasis box="[369,533,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">P. phreatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[555,746,1643,1664]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Satan" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurystomus">
<emphasis box="[555,746,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Satan eurystomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[142,379,1672,1694]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Trogloglanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pattersoni">
<emphasis box="[142,379,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Trogloglanis pattersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are considered endangered, and the number of at-risk species in other families is high relative to the total number of taxa in each group or the number distributed in North 
<collectingCountry box="[386,480,1762,1785]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">America</collectingCountry>
: a single species (
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Bythitidae" genus="Typhliasina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicName box="[690,811,1762,1784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bythitidae" genus="Typhliasina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Typhliasina</taxonomicName>
pearsei
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of 
<taxonomicName box="[272,385,1792,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bythitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bythitidae</taxonomicName>
(
<number box="[409,452,1793,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="100.0">100</number>
%), the 
<taxonomicName box="[553,709,1792,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Amblyopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amblyopsidae</taxonomicName>
(
<number box="[732,746,1792,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="6.0">6</number>
of 
<number box="[798,812,1793,1814]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="7.0">7</number>
species, 
<number box="[241,270,1822,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="86.0">86</number>
%; although 
<taxonomicName box="[430,563,1822,1844]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Amblyopsidae" genus="Typhlichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Percopsiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[430,563,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Typhlichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents a species complex according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Niemiller, M. L. &amp; T. J. Near &amp; B. M. Fitzpatrick" box="[421,688,1852,1875]" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="846 - 866" part="66" refString="Niemiller, M. L., T. J. Near, and B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2012. Delimiting species using multilocus data: diagnosing cryptic diversity in the southern cavefish, Typhlichthys subterraneus (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae). Evolution 66: 846 - 866." title="Delimiting species using multilocus data: diagnosing cryptic diversity in the southern cavefish, Typhlichthys subterraneus (Teleostei: Amblyopsidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Niemiller et al., 
<date box="[629,688,1852,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012">
<number box="[629,688,1852,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
), and the 
<taxonomicName box="[142,297,1882,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Heptapteridae</taxonomicName>
(
<number box="[315,329,1882,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="6.0">6</number>
of 9, 67%; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jelks, H. L. &amp; S. J. Walsh &amp; N. M. Burkhead &amp; S. Contreras- Balderas &amp; Diaz-Pardo &amp; D. A. Hendrickson &amp; J. Lyons &amp; N. E. Mandarak &amp; F. McCormick &amp; J. S. Nelson &amp; S. P. Platania &amp; A. Porter &amp; J. J. Schmitter-Soto &amp; E. B. Taylor &amp; M. L. Warren, Jr" box="[469,661,1882,1905]" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="372 - 407" part="33" refString="Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras- Balderas, E. Diaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandarak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M. L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33: 372 - 407." title="Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes" type="journal article" year="2008">
Jelks et al., 
<date box="[604,661,1882,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2008">
<number box="[604,661,1882,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Chakrabarty, P. &amp; J. A. Prejean &amp; L. Niemiller" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="41 - 57" part="412" refString="Chakrabarty, P., J. A. Prejean, and M. L. Niemiller. 2014. The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. ZooKeys 412: 41 - 57." title="The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana" type="journal article" year="2014">
Chakrabarty et al., 
<date box="[217,276,1912,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2014">
<number box="[217,276,1912,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2014.0">2014</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). Insofar as 
<taxonomicName box="[417,523,1913,1934]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[417,523,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
<collectionCode box="[417,437,1913,1934]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/na0h-6vfh" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[417,437,1913,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C</collectionCodeEnum>
</collectionCode>
. 
<taxonomicName box="[451,523,1913,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" rank="species" species="morrisi">morrisi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known only from the 
<typeStatus box="[259,307,1943,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">type</typeStatus>
series collected over two decades ago and nothing is known regarding distribution or population abundance, it is strictly conjecture to speculate about conservation status of the species. However, there have been extensive hydrologic modifications in the region of the 
<typeStatus box="[1481,1529,161,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">type</typeStatus>
locality, and the biologically rich State of Oaxaca has undergone extensive land-use changes over the last few decades. These changes include widespread deforestation (
<bibRefCitation author="Velazquez, A. &amp; E. Duran &amp; I. Ra mirez &amp; J. - F. Mas &amp; G. Bocco &amp; G. Ra mirez &amp; J. - L. Palacio" box="[866,1106,278,301]" journalOrPublisher="Global Environmental Change" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="175 - 184" part="13" refString="Velazquez, A., E. Duran, I. Ra mirez, J. - F. Mas, G. Bocco, G. Ra mirez, and J. - L. Palacio. 2003. Land use-cover change processes in highly biodiverse areas: the case of Oaxaca, Mexico. Global Environmental Change 13: 175 - 184." title="Land use-cover change processes in highly biodiverse areas: the case of Oaxaca, Mexico" type="journal article" year="2003">
Vela'zquez et al., 
<number box="[1051,1106,278,300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2003.0">2003</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) that is projected to continue into the future (
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez-Mendoza, L. &amp; E. Vega-P ena &amp; M. I. Ra mirez &amp; J. L. Palacio-Preto &amp; Galicia" box="[944,1275,307,330]" journalOrPublisher="Applied Geography" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="276 - 290" part="26" refString="Gomez-Mendoza, L., E. Vega-P ena, M. I. Ra mirez, J. L. Palacio-Preto, and L. Galicia. 2006. Projecting land-use change processes in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico. Applied Geography 26: 276 - 290." title="Projecting land-use change processes in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico" type="journal article" year="2006">
G'omez-Mendoza et al., 
<number box="[1217,1275,307,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), one of many factors known to degrade and threaten subterranean habitats (
<bibRefCitation author="Bichuette, M. E. &amp; E. Trajano" box="[867,1187,366,389]" editor="E. Trajano" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="65 - 80" refString="Bichuette, M. E., and E. Trajano. 2010. Conservation of subterranean fishes, p. 65 - 80. In: Biology of Subterranean Fishes. E. Trajano, M. E. Bichuette, and B. G. Kapoor (eds.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire." title="Conservation of subterranean fishes" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology of Subterranean Fishes" year="2010">
Bichuette and Trajano, 
<number box="[1128,1187,367,389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Within central 
<collectingCountry box="[1377,1458,366,389]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">Mexico</collectingCountry>
many endemic fishes are considered imperiled (
<bibRefCitation author="Dzul-Caamal, R. &amp; H. F. Olivares-Rubio &amp; C. G. Medina- Segura &amp; A. Vega-Lopez" editor="M. E. Lucas-Borja" journalOrPublisher="Nova Science Publishers, New York" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="109 - 130" refString="Dzul-Caamal, R., H. F. Olivares-Rubio, C. G. Medina- Segura, and A. Vega-Lopez. 2012. Endangered Mexican fish under special protection: diagnosis of habitat fragmentation, protection, and future-a review, p. 109 - 130. In: Endangered Species: Habitat, Protection and Ecological Significance. M. E. Lucas-Borja (ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York." title="Endangered Mexican fish under special protection: diagnosis of habitat fragmentation, protection, and future-a review" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Endangered Species: Habitat, Protection and Ecological Significance" year="2012">
Dzul-Caamal et al., 
<number box="[860,919,425,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Given current and projected land-use conditions, it may be prudent for the Mexican government to consider protective status for 
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1219,484,506]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1109,1219,484,506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM; 
<bibRefCitation author="SEMARNAT" box="[1058,1257,514,536]" journalOrPublisher="Diario Oficial de la Federacion (2 a. secc.)" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="2010" part="30" refString="SEMARNAT. 2010. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM- 059 - SEMARNAT- 2010, Proteccion ambiental-Especies nativas de Mexico de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorias de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusion´, exclusion o cambio- Lista de especies en riesgo. Diario Oficial de la Federacion (2 a. secc.), 30 December 2010." title="Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM- 059 - SEMARNAT- 2010, Proteccion ambiental-Especies nativas de Mexico de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorias de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusion´, exclusion o cambio- Lista de especies en riesgo" type="journal article" year="2010">
SEMARNAT, 
<number box="[1199,1257,514,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), pending further exploration and studies to evaluate population status, distribution, and ecology of this unique species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[860,1003,633,655]" box="[860,1003,633,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[860,1003,633,655]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[860,1003,633,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[859,1530,678,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
The 
<taxonomicName box="[919,1060,678,701]" class="Actinopteri" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Gobiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Gobiiformes</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed by at least 
<number box="[1391,1419,679,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="14.0">14</number>
putative synapomorphies (
<bibRefCitation author="Wiley, E. O. &amp; G. D. Johnson" box="[1058,1346,708,731]" editor="J. S. Nelson" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="123 - 182" refString="Wiley, E. O., and G. D. Johnson. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups, p. 123 - 182. In: Origin and Phylogenetic Relationships of Teleosts. J. S. Nelson, H. - P. Schultze, and M. V. H. Wilson (eds.). Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." title="A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Origin and Phylogenetic Relationships of Teleosts" year="2010">
Wiley and Johnson, 
<number box="[1290,1346,709,731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) identified from among a broad suite of osteological and myological characters that have been extensively examined by various investigators in efforts to determine relationships within this species-rich order as well as to explore possible relationships of the 
<taxonomicName box="[947,1083,855,878]" class="Actinopteri" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Gobiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Gobiiformes</taxonomicName>
with other percomorph groups (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation author="Springer, V. G." box="[860,1021,884,907]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 390" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="1 - 40" refString="Springer, V. G. 1983. Tyson belos: new genus and species of western Pacific fish (Gobiidae, Xenisthminae), with discussions of gobioid osteology and classification. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 390: 1 - 40." title="Tyson belos: new genus and species of western Pacific fish (Gobiidae, Xenisthminae), with discussions of gobioid osteology and classification" type="book chapter" year="1983">
Springer, 
<date box="[964,1021,885,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1983">
<number box="[964,1021,885,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1983.0">1983</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F. &amp; A. C. Gill" box="[1033,1268,884,907]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="415 - 440" part="52" refString="Hoese, D. F., and A. C. Gill. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 415 - 440." title="Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Hoese and 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F. &amp; A. C. Gill" box="[1156,1268,884,907]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="415 - 440" part="52" refString="Hoese, D. F., and A. C. Gill. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 415 - 440." title="Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Gill, 
<date box="[1211,1268,885,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993">
<number box="[1211,1268,885,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, G. D. &amp; E. B. Brothers" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="441 - 471" part="52" refString="Johnson, G. D., and E. B. Brothers. 1993. Schindleria: a paedomorphic goby (Teleostei: Gobioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 441 - 471." title="Schindleria: a paedomorphic goby (Teleostei: Gobioidei)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Johnson and Brothers, 
<date box="[860,917,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993">
<number box="[860,917,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Winterbottom, R." box="[932,1166,914,937]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="395 - 414" part="52" refString="Winterbottom, R. 1993. Search for the gobioid sister group (Actinopterygii: Percomorpha). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 395 - 414." title="Search for the gobioid sister group (Actinopterygii: Percomorpha)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Winterbottom, 
<date box="[1109,1166,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993">
<number box="[1109,1166,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Thacker, C. E." box="[1182,1343,914,937]" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="93 - 104" part="2009" refString="Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia 2009: 93 - 104." title="Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution" type="journal article" year="2009">
Thacker, 
<date box="[1286,1343,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2009">
<number box="[1286,1343,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Gill, A. C. &amp; R. D. Mooi" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="41 - 52" part="3266" refString="Gill, A. C., and R. D. Mooi. 2012. Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa 3266: 41 - 52." title="Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Gill and Mooi, 
<bibRefCitation author="Gill, A. C. &amp; R. D. Mooi" box="[860,919,944,966]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="41 - 52" part="3266" refString="Gill, A. C., and R. D. Mooi. 2012. Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa 3266: 41 - 52." title="Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)" type="journal article" year="2012">
<date box="[860,919,944,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012">
<number box="[860,919,944,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
). A comprehensive morphological analysis of 
<taxonomicName box="[1426,1529,944,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1426,1529,944,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is beyond the scope of the present study. Furthermore, suboptimal quality of the only cleared-and-stained specimen (CS; 
<quantity box="[910,1009,1032,1053]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
SL, presumably a juvenile or subadult) and lack of specimens exhibiting a complete series of ontogenetic stages precludes a detailed evaluation of many of these characters. Nevertheless, certain character states observed in the CS specimen confirm that the new taxon is a gobiiform: pelvic intercleithral cartilage is present; ventral intercleithral cartilage is present; hypurals 
<number box="[1192,1206,1208,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1.0">1</number>
and 
<number box="[1268,1282,1208,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2.0">2</number>
are fused; hypurals 
<number box="[1515,1529,1208,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="3.0">3</number>
and 
<number box="[909,923,1238,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="4.0">4</number>
are fused to each other and to the urostyle; the dorsalmost pectoral ray articulates with the posterior margin of the dorsal-most actinost and lacks a medial enlarged articular base; infraorbital bones consist of paired lacrimals and the second element is apparently reduced or absent; supraneurals are absent; and sensory papillae are distributed extensively on the head and body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[859,1530,678,2025]" lastBlockId="8.[103,773,131,2024]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">
Placement of 
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1140,1444,1465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1037,1140,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName box="[1225,1334,1443,1466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eleotridae</taxonomicName>
is provisional on the basis of a limited number of readily observable characters. Monophyly of the family as currently recognized is questionable, and the group is generally defined by plesiomorphic rather than derived characters (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F." box="[1279,1421,1561,1582]" editor="H. G. Moser" journalOrPublisher="American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="588 - 591" refString="Hoese, D. F. 1984. Gobioidei: relationships, p. 588 - 591. In: Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. H. G. Moser, W. J. Richards, D. M. Cohen, M. P. Fahay, A. W. Kendall, Jr., and S. L. Richardson (eds.). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas." title="Gobioidei: relationships" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes" year="1984">
Hoese, 
<date box="[1364,1421,1561,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1984">
<number box="[1364,1421,1561,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Thacker, C. E." journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="93 - 104" part="2009" refString="Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia 2009: 93 - 104." title="Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution" type="journal article" year="2009">
Thacker, 
<date box="[860,919,1591,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2009">
<number box="[860,919,1591,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). Typically, species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1187,1299,1590,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eleotridae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1316,1402,1590,1613]" class="Actinopteri" family="Butidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Gobiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Butidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Rhyacichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhyacichthyidae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[1004,1172,1619,1642]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odontobutidae</taxonomicName>
are separated from the 
<taxonomicName box="[1430,1529,1619,1642]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[910,1065,1649,1672]" class="Actinopteri" family="Gobionellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Gobiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobionellidae</taxonomicName>
in having six (versus five) branchiostegal rays (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F." box="[919,1057,1679,1700]" editor="H. G. Moser" journalOrPublisher="American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="588 - 591" refString="Hoese, D. F. 1984. Gobioidei: relationships, p. 588 - 591. In: Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. H. G. Moser, W. J. Richards, D. M. Cohen, M. P. Fahay, A. W. Kendall, Jr., and S. L. Richardson (eds.). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas." title="Gobioidei: relationships" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes" year="1984">
Hoese, 
<number box="[1000,1057,1679,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F. &amp; A. C. Gill" box="[1070,1306,1678,1701]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="415 - 440" part="52" refString="Hoese, D. F., and A. C. Gill. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 415 - 440." title="Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Hoese and Gill, 
<number box="[1249,1306,1679,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Thacker, C. E." box="[1318,1476,1678,1701]" editor="R. Patzner" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="79 - 85" refString="Thacker, C. E. 2011. Systematics of Butidae and Eleotridae, p. 79 - 85. In: The Biology of Gobies. R. Patzner, J. L. V. Tassell, M. Kovacic, and B. G. Kapoor (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." title="Systematics of Butidae and Eleotridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Biology of Gobies" year="2011">
Thacker, 
<number box="[1419,1476,1679,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Gill, A. C. &amp; R. D. Mooi" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="41 - 52" part="3266" refString="Gill, A. C., and R. D. Mooi. 2012. Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa 3266: 41 - 52." title="Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Gill and Mooi, 
<number box="[985,1044,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens of the 
<typeStatus box="[1267,1315,1709,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName box="[1424,1529,1709,1730]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1424,1529,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit unusual variation of 
<number box="[1173,1212,1737,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6</number>
(modally 
<number box="[1323,1337,1737,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="6.0">6</number>
) branchiostegals, with an asymmetrical number on each side in at least one individual; the small anterior elements are difficult to discern in alcohol-preserved specimens, but a reduced number may be related to developmental truncation as a result of extreme troglomorphy. As in most other eleotrids, 
<taxonomicName box="[1329,1433,1885,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1329,1433,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has separate pelvic fins, unlike the majority of other gobiiforms. Also, as is characteristic of other eleotrids (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. F. &amp; A. C. Gill" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" pagination="415 - 440" part="52" refString="Hoese, D. F., and A. C. Gill. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 415 - 440." title="Phylogenetic relationships of eleotridid fishes (Perciformes; Gobioidei)" type="journal article" year="1993">
Hoese and Gill, 
<number box="[859,916,1973,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName box="[937,1040,1973,1994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[937,1040,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="513">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to have procurrent cartilages of the caudal fin elongated posteriorly and extended over the anterior epural(s). Unusual variation observed in some meristic and mensural characters of the 
<typeStatus box="[562,610,161,182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">type</typeStatus>
series may be attributable, in part, to developmental truncation as result of troglomorphy, contortion of preserved specimens, inaccurate counts or measurements (difficult given the lack of pigmentation and small body size), or a combination of factors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[103,773,131,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">
The discovery of 
<taxonomicName box="[330,438,307,328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[330,438,307,328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brings to 
<number box="[564,591,307,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="13.0">13</number>
the number of described stygobitic gobiiforms worldwide, and to four the number of 
<taxonomicName box="[233,345,364,387]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eleotridae</taxonomicName>
, with an additional undescribed cave sleeper reported from 
<collectingCountry box="[369,437,394,415]" name="Guam" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Guam</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation box="[458,544,394,417]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[142,190,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[142,1517,223,898]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Currently recognized stygobitic gobioid fish species of the world associated with freshwater, brackish, and marine (anchialine cave) habitats, excluding troglomorphic species with convergent morphology but associated with non-subterranean habitats (e. g., burrows, reefs, commensal species, and deep river channels; see Proudlove, 2006: appendix 3 for partial list, excluding deep-sea taxa)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D660BEF2EFF9379AE22E1D6C1FF19" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" tableUuid="DF5D660BEF2EFF9379AE22E1D6C1FF19">
Table 
<number box="[532,544,394,416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1.0">1</number>
</tableCitation>
). Most notably, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents the only cave-adapted sleeper known from Atlantic Ocean drainages, with all others confined to the Indo-Pacific region. Two of the four described cave sleepers (
<taxonomicName box="[111,289,511,533]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeca">
<emphasis box="[111,289,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Oxyeleotris caeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[350,442,511,533]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colasi">
<emphasis box="[350,442,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">O. colasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) occur on the island of New 
<collectingCountry box="[103,183,540,563]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and are thought to be related to each other, as well as to 
<taxonomicName box="[134,263,569,591]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis box="[134,263,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">O. fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an epigean species that is distributed widely in New 
<collectingCountry box="[188,268,598,621]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry box="[429,525,598,621]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, G. R." box="[539,669,598,621]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="43 - 46" part="23" refString="Allen, G. R. 1996. Oxyeleotris caeca, a new species of blind cave fish (Eleotridae) from Papua New Guinea. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie 23: 43 - 46." title="Oxyeleotris caeca, a new species of blind cave fish (Eleotridae) from Papua New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1996">
Allen, 
<number box="[611,669,598,621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1996.0">1996</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). There is also molecular evidence supporting monophyly of 
<taxonomicName box="[681,772,627,649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colasi">
<emphasis box="[681,772,627,649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">O. colasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the epigean 
<taxonomicName box="[307,457,658,679]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis box="[307,457,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">O. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[475,524,657,678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus) and 
<taxonomicName box="[158,283,686,708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolata">
<emphasis box="[158,283,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">O. lineolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in a phylogenetic analysis that included eight other Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic gobiiforms (
<bibRefCitation author="Pouyaud, L. &amp; Kadarusman &amp; R. K. Hadiaty &amp; J. Slembrouck &amp; N. Lemauk &amp; R. V. Kusumah &amp; P. Keith" box="[110,352,744,767]" journalOrPublisher="Cybium" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="521 - 529" part="36" refString="Pouyaud, L., Kadarusman, R. K. Hadiaty, J. Slembrouck, N. Lemauk, R. V. Kusumah, and P. Keith. 2012. Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia. Cybium 36: 521 - 529." title="Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia" type="journal article" year="2012">
Pouyaud et al., 
<number box="[293,352,745,767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName box="[374,662,744,766]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
<emphasis box="[374,662,744,766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Bostrychus microphthalmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cave eleotrid from Sulawesi that appears to be most similar morphologically to 
<taxonomicName box="[323,433,804,825]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[323,433,804,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">B. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a wide-ranging tropical Indo- Pacific species that most commonly occurs in mangroves and estuaries, and occasionally enters fresh water, along with other congeners that occur in or are confined to fresh waters (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoese, D. &amp; M. Kottelat" box="[110,411,920,943]" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="183 - 191" part="16" refString="Hoese, D., and M. Kottelat. 2005. Bostrychus microphthalmus, a new microphthalmic cavefish from Sulawesi (Teleostei; Gobiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 16: 183 - 191." title="Bostrychus microphthalmus, a new microphthalmic cavefish from Sulawesi (Teleostei; Gobiidae)" type="journal article" year="2005">
Hoese and Kottelat, 
<number box="[353,411,920,943]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). In the molecular analysis by 
<bibRefCitation author="Pouyaud, L. &amp; Kadarusman &amp; R. K. Hadiaty &amp; J. Slembrouck &amp; N. Lemauk &amp; R. V. Kusumah &amp; P. Keith" box="[103,337,949,972]" journalOrPublisher="Cybium" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="521 - 529" part="36" refString="Pouyaud, L., Kadarusman, R. K. Hadiaty, J. Slembrouck, N. Lemauk, R. V. Kusumah, and P. Keith. 2012. Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia. Cybium 36: 521 - 529." title="Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia" type="journal article" year="2012">
Pouyaud et al. (
<number box="[270,328,950,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2012.0">2012</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[347,454,950,971]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[347,454,950,971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">B. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears as the sister taxon to the monophyletic 
<taxonomicName box="[311,423,978,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[311,423,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Oxyeleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that cave gudgeons of the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[103,216,1037,1059]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Typhleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[103,216,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Typhleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[233,440,1037,1059]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Typhleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis box="[233,440,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">T. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[455,580,1037,1059]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Typhleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mararybe">
<emphasis box="[455,580,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">T. mararybe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[644,757,1037,1059]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Typhleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
<emphasis box="[644,757,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">T. pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), endemic to karst systems in southwestern 
<collectingCountry box="[595,725,1066,1089]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, are the sister group to 
<taxonomicName box="[337,446,1095,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Milyeringa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[337,446,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Milyeringa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[467,580,1096,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Milyeringa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="justitia">
<emphasis box="[467,580,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">M. justitia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[649,758,1096,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Milyeringa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veritas">
<emphasis box="[649,758,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">M. veritas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), endemic to similar cave habitats in northwestern 
<collectingCountry box="[676,772,1124,1147]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Chakrabarty, P. &amp; M. P. Davis &amp; J. S. Sparks" box="[110,404,1153,1176]" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="44083" part="7" refString="Chakrabarty, P., M. P. Davis, and J. S. Sparks. 2012. The first record of a trans-oceanic sister-group relationship between obligate vertebrate troglobites. PLOS ONE 7: e 44083." title="The first record of a trans-oceanic sister-group relationship between obligate vertebrate troglobites" type="journal article" year="2012">
Chakrabarty et al., 
<number box="[345,404,1154,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The phylogenetic position of 
<taxonomicName box="[103,213,1183,1205]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Milyeringa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[103,213,1183,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Milyeringa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the 
<taxonomicName box="[372,510,1183,1206]" class="Actinopteri" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Gobiiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Gobiiformes</taxonomicName>
has been questioned (reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, H. K. &amp; R. Foster &amp; W. F. Humphreys &amp; I. Stevens" box="[258,477,1212,1235]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="135 - 150" part="3616" refString="Larson, H. K., R. Foster, W. F. Humphreys, and M. I. Stevens. 2013. A new species of the blind cave gudgeon Milyeringa (Pisces: Gobioidei, Eleotridae) from Barrow Island, Western Australia, with a redescription of M. veritas Whitley. Zootaxa 3616: 135 - 150." title="A new species of the blind cave gudgeon Milyeringa (Pisces: Gobioidei, Eleotridae) from Barrow Island, Western Australia, with a redescription of M. veritas Whitley" type="journal article" year="2013">
Larson et al., 
<number box="[419,477,1213,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2013.0">2013</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), and some authors place the genus in the 
<taxonomicName box="[297,406,1241,1264]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eleotridae</taxonomicName>
(references in 
<tableCitation box="[574,654,1241,1264]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[142,190,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[142,1517,223,898]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Currently recognized stygobitic gobioid fish species of the world associated with freshwater, brackish, and marine (anchialine cave) habitats, excluding troglomorphic species with convergent morphology but associated with non-subterranean habitats (e. g., burrows, reefs, commensal species, and deep river channels; see Proudlove, 2006: appendix 3 for partial list, excluding deep-sea taxa)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D660BEF2EFF9379AE22E1D6C1FF19" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" tableUuid="DF5D660BEF2EFF9379AE22E1D6C1FF19">
Table 
<number box="[640,654,1242,1263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1.0">1</number>
</tableCitation>
footnote), but the nuclear 
<collectionCode box="[275,329,1271,1292]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">DNA</collectionCode>
evidence suggests a distinct relationship with eleotrids and supports recognition of the group at the family level, 
<taxonomicName box="[249,401,1329,1352]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Milyeringidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Tornabene, L. &amp; Y. Chen &amp; F. Pezold" box="[417,672,1329,1352]" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="345 - 361" part="11" refString="Tornabene, L., Y. Chen, and F. Pezold. 2013. Gobies are deeply divided: phylogenetic evidence from nuclear DNA (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 11: 345 - 361." title="Gobies are deeply divided: phylogenetic evidence from nuclear DNA (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Tornabene et al., 
<number box="[615,672,1330,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2013.0">2013</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Thacker, C. E. &amp; T. P. Satoh &amp; E. Katayama &amp; R. C. Harrington &amp; R. I. Eytan &amp; T. J. Near" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="172 - 179" part="93" refString="Thacker, C. E., T. P. Satoh, E. Katayama, R. C. Harrington, R. I. Eytan, and T. J. Near. 2015. Molecular phylogeny of Percomorpha resolves Trichonotus as the sister lineage to Gobioidei (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) and confirms the polyphyly of Trachinoidei. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 172 - 179." title="Molecular phylogeny of Percomorpha resolves Trichonotus as the sister lineage to Gobioidei (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) and confirms the polyphyly of Trachinoidei" type="journal article" year="2015">
Thacker et al., 
<number box="[177,235,1358,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2015.0">2015</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). We should note that attempts to extract and amplify 
<collectionCode box="[199,253,1388,1409]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">DNA</collectionCode>
from specimens of 
<taxonomicName box="[487,593,1388,1410]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[487,593,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
failed, possibly due to exposure to formalin at some stage of preservation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[103,773,131,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">
The aforementioned cave-adapted species share convergent characters that are common to stygobitic fishes and that are the subject of extensive study, i.e., loss or reduction of eyes and pigmentation, hyper-development of non-optic sensory systems, and other morphological features associated with a hypogean lifestyle. Among the cave-dwelling eleotrids and milyeringids there is a gradation of these morphological characters (see Diagnosis), suggesting that considerable differences exist between taxa based on divergence times from ancestral lineages and concomitant time that selective forces have been acting during cave existence. Indeed, a remarkable ancient sister-group relationship and the widely disjunct Malagasy-Australian distribution of the milyeringids reveals the historical extent to which individual lineages may be subjected to similar evolutionary processes acting independently in the hypogean environment (
<bibRefCitation author="Chakrabarty, P. &amp; M. P. Davis &amp; J. S. Sparks" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="44083" part="7" refString="Chakrabarty, P., M. P. Davis, and J. S. Sparks. 2012. The first record of a trans-oceanic sister-group relationship between obligate vertebrate troglobites. PLOS ONE 7: e 44083." title="The first record of a trans-oceanic sister-group relationship between obligate vertebrate troglobites" type="journal article" year="2012">
Chakrabarty et al., 
<number box="[103,162,1914,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[103,773,131,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[820,1490,130,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">
The pronounced troglomorphic features of 
<taxonomicName box="[653,766,1944,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[653,766,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely the near complete loss of eyes, absence of all pigmentation, and well-developed neuromast/sensory papillae system suggest that this species has an ancient history of living in darkness. Based on geography alone, it is unlikely that 
<taxonomicName box="[884,1000,190,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[884,1000,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a close relationship with other described cave gobiiforms. It is most parsimonious to infer that 
<taxonomicName box="[871,973,248,270]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[871,973,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a common ancestral lineage with one or more species of extant eleotrids in the westcentral Atlantic, particularly those species ranging in the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[1359,1440,306,329]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and western Caribbean, but gross morphological features do not provide insight into possible relationships. However, biogeographical patterns from multiple taxonomic groups provide evidence of historical linkages between freshwater faunas of the R'ıo Papaloapan drainage and the Central American/ Neotropical realm (
<bibRefCitation author="Huidobro, L. &amp; J. Morrone &amp; J. L. Villalobos &amp; F. Alvarez" box="[1032,1270,481,504]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="731 - 741" part="33" refString="Huidobro, L., J. J. Morrone, J. L. Villalobos, and F. Alvarez. 2006. Distributional patterns of freshwater taxa (fishes, crustaceans and plants) from the Mexican Transition Zone. Journal of Biogeography 33: 731 - 741." title="Distributional patterns of freshwater taxa (fishes, crustaceans and plants) from the Mexican Transition Zone" type="journal article" year="2006">
Huidobro et al., 
<number box="[1213,1270,481,504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Quiroz-Martinez, B. &amp; F. Alvarez &amp; H. Espinosa &amp; G. Salgado-Maldonado" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="105510" part="9" refString="Quiroz-Martinez, B., F. Alvarez, H. Espinosa, and G. Salgado-Maldonado. 2014. Concordant biogeographic patterns among multiple taxonomic groups in the Mexican freshwater biota. PLOS ONE 9 (8): e 105510." title="Concordant biogeographic patterns among multiple taxonomic groups in the Mexican freshwater biota" type="journal article" year="2014">
Quiroz-Martinez et al., 
<number box="[865,924,511,533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2014.0">2014</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The R'ıo Papaloapan is part of the Papaloapan- Coatzacoalcos division of the Usumacinta ichthyofaunal province (
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, R. R. &amp; W. L. Minckley &amp; S. R. Norris" box="[936,1149,569,592]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" refString="Miller, R. R., W. L. Minckley, and S. R. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="2005">
Miller et al., 
<number box="[1091,1149,569,592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Within this major province fish diversity is great, with over 
<number box="[1187,1228,599,620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="200.0">200</number>
described species, over half of which are restricted to fresh waters; of those permanent freshwater species, at least 
<number box="[1255,1282,657,678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="18.0">18</number>
are thought to be derived from marine ancestors. About one quarter of the R'ıo Papaloapan ichthyofauna is endemic, including two species of cave hepapterids (
<taxonomicName box="[1063,1243,744,766]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reddelli">
<emphasis box="[1063,1243,744,766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Rhamdia reddelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1309,1475,744,767]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zongolicensis">
<emphasis box="[1309,1475,744,767]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">R. zongolicensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Moreover, considered in its entirety, the Usumacinta ichthyofaunal province is occupied largely by taxa of Middle or South American derivation (
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, R. R. &amp; W. L. Minckley &amp; S. R. Norris" box="[1131,1327,832,855]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" refString="Miller, R. R., W. L. Minckley, and S. R. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="2005">
Miller et al., 
<number box="[1270,1327,832,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Matamoros, W. A. &amp; C. D. McMahan &amp; P. Chakrabarty &amp; J. S. Albert &amp; J. F. Schaefer" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="177 - 188" part="31" refString="Matamoros, W. A., C. D. McMahan, P. Chakrabarty, J. S. Albert, and J. F. Schaefer. 2015. Derivation of the freshwater fish fauna of Central America revisited: Myer's hypothesis in the twenty-first century. Cladistics 31: 177 - 188." title="Derivation of the freshwater fish fauna of Central America revisited: Myer's hypothesis in the twenty-first century" type="journal article" year="2015">
Matamoros et al., 
<number box="[861,919,861,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2015.0">2015</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, possible phylogenetic affinities of 
<taxonomicName box="[1387,1490,862,884]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1387,1490,862,884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with taxa outside of the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[1176,1257,890,913]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
or circum-Caribbean region cannot be precluded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1490,130,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">
<collectingCountry box="[844,925,949,972]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
has six extant, epigean eleotrid species in Gulf Coast drainages: 
<taxonomicName box="[1023,1258,978,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Dormitator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis box="[1023,1258,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Dormitator maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1279,1483,978,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyopsis">
<emphasis box="[1279,1483,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Eleotris amblyopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[820,984,1007,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perniger">
<emphasis box="[820,984,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Eleotris perniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1000,1195,1007,1029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Erotelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdus">
<emphasis box="[1000,1195,1007,1029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Erotelis smaragdus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1432,1007,1029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dormitor">
<emphasis box="[1212,1432,1007,1029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Gobiomorus dormitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[820,1003,1038,1059]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Guavina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guavina">
<emphasis box="[820,1003,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Guavina guavina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Castro-Aquirre et al., 
<number box="[1273,1330,1037,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1999.0">1999</number>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, R. R. &amp; W. L. Minckley &amp; S. R. Norris" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" refString="Miller, R. R., W. L. Minckley, and S. R. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="2005">
Miller et al., 
<number box="[820,878,1066,1089]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). An additional five eleotrid species occur on the Pacific Slope of 
<collectingCountry box="[927,1011,1095,1118]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName box="[1027,1239,1095,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Dormitator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis box="[1027,1239,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Dormitator latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1258,1395,1095,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis box="[1258,1395,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Eleotris picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Erotelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armiger">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Erotelis armiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[921,1170,1124,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis box="[921,1170,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Gobiomorus maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1483,1124,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
<emphasis box="[1252,1483,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Gobiomorus polylepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName box="[820,1027,1153,1176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[820,1027,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a generalized eleotrid shape with a depressed head and elongate, slightly compressed body, and perhaps is most similar in shape to species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1367,1442,1212,1234]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1367,1442,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Eleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[820,895,1241,1263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Erotelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[820,895,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Erotelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the very large spatulate-shaped head of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more typical of some of the other cave gobiiforms and is especially similar to that of 
<taxonomicName box="[1244,1356,1300,1322]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Oxyeleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1244,1356,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Oxyeleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, G. R." journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="43 - 46" part="23" refString="Allen, G. R. 1996. Oxyeleotris caeca, a new species of blind cave fish (Eleotridae) from Papua New Guinea. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie 23: 43 - 46." title="Oxyeleotris caeca, a new species of blind cave fish (Eleotridae) from Papua New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1996">
Allen, 
<number box="[820,876,1329,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1996.0">1996</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:fig. 
<number box="[933,948,1330,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="3.0">3</number>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Pouyaud, L. &amp; Kadarusman &amp; R. K. Hadiaty &amp; J. Slembrouck &amp; N. Lemauk &amp; R. V. Kusumah &amp; P. Keith" box="[969,1223,1329,1352]" journalOrPublisher="Cybium" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="521 - 529" part="36" refString="Pouyaud, L., Kadarusman, R. K. Hadiaty, J. Slembrouck, N. Lemauk, R. V. Kusumah, and P. Keith. 2012. Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia. Cybium 36: 521 - 529." title="Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia" type="journal article" year="2012">
Pouyaud et al., 
<number box="[1166,1223,1329,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:figs. 
<number box="[1289,1331,1330,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
), most likely relating to convergence in these cave obligates. Future study may not only be informative in determining the phylogenetic relationship of 
<taxonomicName box="[1054,1158,1418,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1054,1158,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with other Atlantic or Pacific eleotrids, but could provide interesting clues about biogeography, as well as placing into an evolutionary context information gleaned about convergence in morphology and other aspects of the biology of cave-adapted sleepers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1490,130,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[142,812,131,303]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">
The discovery of 
<taxonomicName box="[1040,1145,1564,1585]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis box="[1040,1145,1564,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">C. morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southcentral 
<collectingCountry box="[1335,1416,1563,1586]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
is not surprising given the number of endemic hypogean species of other freshwater taxa in the region and the many stygobitic fishes documented elsewhere in 
<collectingCountry box="[1189,1270,1650,1673]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hubbs, C. L." box="[1288,1430,1650,1673]" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 491" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="261 - 295" refString="Hubbs, C. L. 1938. Fishes from the caves of Yucatan. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 491: 261 - 295, 4 pl." title="Fishes from the caves of Yucatan" type="book chapter" year="1938">
Hubbs, 
<number box="[1375,1430,1651,1673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1938.0">1938</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) and karst regions of the eastern and central 
<collectingCountry box="[1326,1485,1680,1703]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">United States</collectingCountry>
, Caribbean, and Neotropics (
<bibRefCitation author="Proudlove, G. S." box="[1136,1323,1709,1732]" journalOrPublisher="International Society for Subterranean Biology, Moulis, France" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" refString="Proudlove, G. S. 2006. Subterranean fishes of the world: an account of the subterranean (hypogean) fishes described up to 2003 with a bibliography 1541 - 2004. International Society for Subterranean Biology, Moulis, France." title="Subterranean fishes of the world: an account of the subterranean (hypogean) fishes described up to 2003 with a bibliography 1541 - 2004" type="journal article" year="2006">
Proudlove, 
<number box="[1264,1323,1709,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Central 
<collectingCountry name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
has a notable subterranean invertebrate fauna, especially decapod crustaceans that have invaded cave systems independently and that are thought to have been derived from surface or marine ancestors with affinities to cavernicolous species in the 
<collectingCountry box="[1005,1163,1855,1878]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">United States</collectingCountry>
, Central 
<collectingCountry box="[1282,1375,1855,1878]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">America</collectingCountry>
, and the western Caribbean region (
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, H. H., Jr. &amp; H. H. Hobbs, III &amp; M. A. Daniel" box="[1122,1329,1884,1907]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 244" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 183" refString="Hobbs, H. H., Jr., H. H. Hobbs, III, and M. A. Daniel. 1977. A review of the troglobitic decapod crustaceans of the Americas. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 244: 1 - 183." title="A review of the troglobitic decapod crustaceans of the Americas" type="book chapter" year="1977">
Hobbs et al., 
<number box="[1272,1329,1885,1906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1977.0">1977</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, H. H., III." box="[1342,1485,1884,1907]" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="95 - 104" part="287" refString="Hobbs, H. H., III. 1994. Biogeography of subterranean decapods in North and Central America and the Caribbean region (Caridea, Astacidea, Brachyura). Hydrobiologia 287: 95 - 104." title="Biogeography of subterranean decapods in North and Central America and the Caribbean region (Caridea, Astacidea, Brachyura)" type="journal article" year="1994">
Hobbs, 
<number box="[1428,1485,1885,1906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, H. H., III &amp; D. M. Lodge" box="[820,1103,1914,1937]" editor="J. H. Thorp" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press (Elsevier), London" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" pagination="901 - 967" refString="Hobbs, H. H., III, and D. M. Lodge. 2010. Decapoda, p. 901 - 967. In: Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Third edition. J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Academic Press (Elsevier), London." title="Decapoda" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Third edition" year="2010">
Hobbs and Lodge, 
<number box="[1044,1103,1914,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Among countries of the world, 
<collectingCountry box="[820,901,1943,1966]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
ranks third (behind 
<collectingCountry box="[1136,1204,1943,1966]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry box="[1263,1326,1943,1966]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="514">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) in number of known hypogean fish species, with about 
<number box="[1311,1338,1973,1994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="514" value="12.0">12</number>
valid species and several additional taxa of unresolved taxonomic status (e.g., infraspecific populations of 
<taxonomicName box="[537,633,131,152]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[537,633,131,152]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="515">Astyanax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[703,797,131,153]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[703,797,131,153]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="515">Rhamdia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This number represents approximately 
<number box="[614,627,161,182]" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" value="7.0">7</number>
% of stygobitic fishes worldwide (
<bibRefCitation author="Proudlove, G. S." box="[341,527,190,213]" editor="E. Trajano" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" pagination="41 - 63" refString="Proudlove, G. S. 2010. Biodiversity and distribution of the subterranean fishes of the world, p. 41 - 63. In: Biology of Subterranean Fishes. E. Trajano, M. E. Bichuette, and B. G. Kapoor (eds.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire." title="Biodiversity and distribution of the subterranean fishes of the world" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology of Subterranean Fishes" year="2010">
Proudlove, 
<number box="[468,527,191,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry box="[576,660,190,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, as is the case globally, most hypogean fishes are ostariophysans. 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Milyeringidae" genus="Caecieleotris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="515">Caecieleotris morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus a unique taxon in representing the only known obligate cave gobiiform in the Western Hemisphere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>